Lviv University

The search for and fabrication of materials for the near-infrared range of the spectrum, including telecommunication windows, is an extremely important task in modern technology. This work presents the results of studies on the photoluminescence of CsPbCl3 single crystals with varying contents of ytterbium and erbium impurities, grown using the Bridgman method. The existence of electrically neutral Yb³⁺–VPb–Er³⁺ complexes within the crystal structure was confirmed. Resonant absorption of excitation radiation λ = 980 nm by Yb³⁺ ions reveals a three-step energy transfer channel from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ ions within a single complex. The estimated quantum yield of up-conversion luminescence at λ = 524 nm (0.02%) associated with erbium ions indicates the presence of electronic transitions to higher energy levels, with the possibility of subsequent emission within the third telecommunication window.

The main groups of biote and their functional role in the calcareous tufa formation at the hard-water springs enriched by carbon dioxide of the Mizhhirya basin and adjacent territories were investigated. It has been studied that in the formation of calcareous tufa of all surveyed locations, representatives of micro-, bryo and phytobiota play an important role, and therefore, the studied sedimentary rock are mainly biogenic in their origin. Microbiota agents, mainly cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales, play a leading role in the initial acts of calcareous tufa accumulation (stage I). These bacteriogenic initial forms, which can be defined as initial thromboids, are represented by small- or medium-grained, ocher-yellow aggregates of a spherical shape, with a diameter of 0.5-2 mm, which actively accumulate at the springs exits. These congestions (mesoclots) are growing and compacting over time and forming weakly cemented thrombolites, which are a cluster of separate aggregates together with particles of sand, silt, rocks, plant remains, etc. The next post-pioneer stage (II) is marked by the appearance of specialized amphibious Bryophytes vegetation of the Pellion endiviifoliae alliance and pioneer caliciophilic vegetation of the Grimmaldion fragrantis alliance. In the formation of calcareous tufa deposits of the next stage (III), the leading role is played by the Bryophytes vegetation of the Pellion endiviifoliae alliance. Their mineralized turfs are modeling light, fragile and porous bryolithes of an ocher-brown color. Bryolithes usually contain seasonal layers richly encrusted with leaves of trees, which growing near the spring. Base on the specificity and ecological value of the biotic (calcicolous Bryobiota) and abiotic, primarily geological (calcareous iron tufa) component, the hard-water tufagenic springs of Mizhhirya Verkhovyna can be considered significant natural monuments of Transcarpathia region. However, regardless of the nature protection status of most hard-water iron springs (they are hydrological monuments of nature of local importance), they often suffer from human’s improvement, illegal water extraction, high recreational load etc. Thus, they need applicating of conservation measures and nature protection management planning.

Mumia are one of the rarest representatives of phylum Actinomycetota with only four species known. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Mumia sp. Pv 4-285 isolated from a rhizosphere sample of Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens . The genome consists of a 4,649,352 bp circular chromosome with 4,361 protein-coding genes.

This work considers ways to increase the stability of solder joints in a wide range of temperatures, which are extremely important in microelectronic devices. For this purpose, the effects of adding nanosized ceramic admixtures Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 coated by Au into the Sn–3.5Ag–0.5Cu lead-free solder alloys on the microstructure and shear strength of the joints between the nanocomposite solder and a copper substrate were studied both at room temperature, as well as after a two-month exposure at sub-zero temperatures. The uncoated and Au-deposited ceramic nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and EDS elemental analysis reflected their distribution in the solder material. The microstructure analysis of the solder joints was carried out using the scanning electron microscope. The push-off experimental method was applied for determination of the shear strength, one of the most important mechanical properties of soldered joints. The obtained experimental results indicate that addition of the nanosized ceramic admixtures sputtered with gold to the basic solder matrix leads to a decrease in the growth rate of intermetallic layers in the soldered joints. The result is an improvement in the shear strength of these joints. Similar studies conducted after samples were kept for 2 months at 253 K (− 20 °C) did not lead to a significant deterioration of shear strength, which indicates their suitability to be used for soldering parts of microelectronic devices operating not only at room and elevated temperatures but also at sub-zero temperature range.

This paper presents the results of a study on the atomisation process of 316L material. The primary objective of the study was to obtain the highest quality, quantity and yield of 316L metal powder for the established atomisation parameters (torch current and wire feed speed) at the assumed process time. Using experiment planning according to the Taguchi method, 16 pairs of controllable variable parameters were developed. It was observed that the low current high-wire speed configuration resulted in the formation of a considerable amount of molten metal on the sonotrode platform. This phenomenon prevented the ultrasound system from working properly, so some of the processes were interrupted. The results obtained from the tests showed that torch current and wire feed speed are parameters that have a significant impact on the efficiency of the ultrasonic atomisation process. The highest efficiency was achieved by the process with a torch current of 100 A and a wire feed speed of 9 mm/s.

A dual-wavelength high-accuracy universal polarimeter was applied to the circular birefringence and optical activity measurement in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) nonlinear crystal. The experimental setup used two single-mode He-Ne lasers with close wavelengths of 594 and 633 nm as light sources. Measurement has been carried out for two crystal settings in directions of a 45-degree relative angle to the [100] and [010] crystallographic axes. Multiple light reflections inside the crystal sample were considered when processing the results of the polarimetric measurements. The results have been analysed using the optical transmission function for the polariser-sample-analyser system, and 2D intensity contour maps made it possible to determine the phase parameters, systematic errors, and eigenwaves ellipticity. It was found that the gyration tensor component of the KTP crystal is equal to g12 = 1.4 ⋅ 10−5 which in terms of optical rotatory power corresponds to the very small magnitude of the rotation value of 2.3 deg/mm.

Extreme conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian attack on Ukraine, cause major disruptions, with teachers struggling to uphold educational provision. The study presented here aimed to substantiate and experimentally confirm the effectiveness of providing teachers with psychological support in extreme situations in order to optimise the balance of the psychological and pedagogical components in their professional activity. Regular teacher training in Ukraine includes a standard course, “Pedagogy and Psychology”, which provides teachers with basic knowledge of pedagogical psychology. Building on this basic course, the authors of this article developed an advanced training course entitled “Psychological support for teachers in extreme conditions”. A supplementary course of this kind is especially important in extreme conditions such as a war, as it is designed to clarify the methods of professional activity in practice, based on updated and expanded psychological knowledge. The authors piloted the course with a group of 190 teachers (80% female, 20% male) from a wide range of backgrounds in terms of age, years of experience, subject field, type of institution etc. They compared the effect with a control group of 190 teachers (85% female, 15% male) who had only taken the basic course. Findings of the pilot study suggest that awareness of the importance of psychological knowledge in education increases in proportion to the teacher’s experience. A key issue is the teachers’ motivation to engage in psychological training: they must clearly understand how and where they can apply the acquired psychological knowledge in their professional activity. Having conducted their pilot study in conditions of martial law in Ukraine, the authors conclude that improving teachers’ psychological readiness for extreme conditions not only preserves the quality of the educational process, but also helps to preserve the psyche of students in conditions of war.

This chapter delves into the procedural issues encountered in compensation cases arising from the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. It highlights the necessity of restoring violated rights through effective legal mechanisms, particularly focusing on compensation for damages via judicial proceedings. The study examines Ukrainian court practices since 2014, aiming to understand social demands and propose efficient dispute resolution methods. Financial constraints initially hindered justice, with victims reluctant to pay court fees. Legislative changes in 2018 exempted plaintiffs from fees in cases against Russia, prompting increased claims. The text categorizes damages into property and moral losses, detailing subtypes such as real estate forfeiture, loss of profits, and forced displacement. It also addresses the legal intricacies of property mobilization during war and the assessment of moral suffering. Moreover, it discusses the government’s efforts to ascertain damages and losses comprehensively. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of substantiating claims and aligning legal precedents with principles of fairness and proportionality. Overall, the paper sheds light on the multifaceted challenges and developments in compensatory procedures amid ongoing conflict.

Tb 0.82 Sm 0.18 Ni 0.83 Co 0.17 Mg, orthorhombic, Cmcm (no. 63), a = 3.6707(4) Å, b = 17.723(1) Å, c = 3.9863(4) Å, V = 259.33 (4) Å ³ , Z = 4, R gt ( F ) = 0.0334, wR ref ( F ² ) = 0.0861, T = 293 (2) K.

Due to the crystalline acentricity leading to the bulk photovoltaic effect (PV) the ferroelectrics (FEs) are considered as important candidates for creation of the PV cells overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit of semiconductors. However, this research direction still requires more investigations to develop reliable pathways for PV efficiency optimization. The recent progress in the power conversion efficiency of the cells based on the organic-based compounds such as CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite attracted much attention of the scientists. Unfortunately, manufacturing of these multilayer cells implies a very complicated technology and very high price of the devices. Under such circumstances investigations of the PV effect in the single crystals of FE perovskites look very promising. In this paper we report that due to the sample illumination with intensive UV light, CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal is transformed from the pristine antiFE into the FE state. As a result, the PV effect characteristic of the FEs is realized in this material. The theoretically maximal value of the power conversion efficiency in this case was found to be one of the largest among the single crystals of this class of ferroics. We also considered the ways allowing to increase the PV efficiency of the potential solar cells based on such materials.

This study explores the nonlinear optical properties of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) matrices embedded in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) nanocrystals using third-harmonic generation (THG) techniques. The successful integration of ADP crystallites within the nanopores of the Al2O3 matrix was confirmed using x-ray structural analysis and electron microscopy. The optical absorption characteristics were examined over a wide wavelength range, revealing that the reflection and transmission spectra were notably affected by pore size and surface scattering effects. THG measurements conducted with a high-intensity infrared laser demonstrated a pronounced third-order nonlinear response, whereas second-harmonic generation was not observed. The absence of SHG can be attributed to phase mismatch and inherent material properties, including centrosymmetry and surface roughness. The comparative and Reintjes models were used to calculate the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities. Among these, the Reintjes model provided the most accurate fit for the experimental data. This research underscores the considerable influence of nanopore size on THG efficiency, highlighting the importance of light scattering and phase-matching conditions. These findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge regarding nonlinear optical phenomena in nanocomposite materials and offer valuable insights for future applications in photonic devices. This comprehensive analysis highlights the potential of Al2O3 matrices with embedded ADP nanocrystals to advance the field of nonlinear optics in nanocomposite materials and offers insights for prospective applications in photonic devices.

The application of the fundamental sequences method for reconstructing the inner part of the boundary of a double-connected domain from the overdetermined Cauchy data of the solution of the heat conduction equation on the outer part of the boundary is considered. The nonlinear ill-posed problem is numerically solved by the regularized Newton's method, at each step of which direct problems for the heat equation are solved. Using Rothe's method, each direct problem is reduced to a sequence of elliptic Dirichlet problems for the inhomogeneous modified Helmholtz equation. Which, in turn, is fully discretized by the fundamental sequences method. The results of numerical examples in both two- and three-dimensional domains confirm the accuracy of the proposed method with negligible computational effort.

У статті здійснено аналіз нормативно-правових документів та теоретико-методичних досліджень вітчизняних науковців з проблеми гендерної освіти та гендерного виховання дітей дошкільного віку. У статті показано, що гендерна проблематика є міждисциплінарною, виступає предметом наукових розвідок соціології, культурології, історії, філології, психології, педагогіки. Зазначено, що гендер – складне поняття, яке вживається в кількох значеннях. На основі аналізу наукових досліджень наголошено, що гендерний підхід у дошкільній освіті – це індивідуальний підхід до прояву дитиною дошкільного віку своєї ідентичності; доведено, що такий підхід дає надалі особистості велику свободу вибору, створює можливості для самореалізації, допомагає бути досить гнучкою і уміти використовувати різні можливості поведінки в соціокультурному середовищі. У статті запропоновано та схарактеризовано поради для організації та побудови змісту етичних бесід з дітьми дошкільного віку щодо розуміння змісту гендерного виховання (інформація повинна відповідати віку та запитам дітей; педагог має відображати власне ставлення до проблематики бесіди; обов’язково давати відповіді на запитання, які виникають у ході бесіди тощо), описано поради-рекомендації педагогам закладів дошкільної освіти та батькам з метою ефективної організації гендерного виховання в умовах закладу дошкільної освіти та сім’ї (налагодження тісної співпраці вихователь-психолог, вихователь-сім’я; ґрунтовне вивчення індивідуальних особливостей дітей дошкільного віку тощо).

The intersection of literature and film, particularly through film adaptation, is critical to understanding cultural narratives and identities. This study examines the growing importance of examining how literary works are transformed into film, reflecting social changes and collective memory. The object is the screen adaptation of Serhii Zhadan’s novel Voroshylovhrad in the film Wild Field directed by Yaroslav Lodygin. The study explores the challenges and limitations inherent in adapting complex literary texts to film, including how key narrative elements can be simplified or changed, affecting original themes and character depth. The article’s goal is to find out whether the essential components of S. Zhadan’s narrative have been preserved in the cinematic version. The study uses a combination of semiotic, comparative, and structural analyses explore the transformation of narrative elements between the novel and the film. These techniques allow for a careful examination of how visual storytelling devices affect the depiction of themes and characters. The obtained results indicate that Wild Field quite successfully reflects the main motifs of the narrative of the literary base, but simplifies important elements, in particular, the motif of the road and the interweaving of memory and reality. The timeline of the film is moved to 2010, which leads to a significant change in the thematic emphasis. This led to a reduction in the number of key characters and a simplification of the plot, which somewhat reduces the depth of the original narrative. This study contributes to the field of adaptation studies by providing a nuanced understanding of the semiotic transformations that occur when literary texts are adapted into films, and emphasizes how Wild Field reinterprets the literary text of the novel Voroshylovhrad, offering an understanding of the cinematic representation of Ukrainian identity and memory. The study opens up opportunities for further studies of adaptation processes in Ukrainian cinema and literature, encouraging future research into other screen adaptations and the broader implications of such transformations for national identity narratives. In addition, it is proposed to study the audience’s perception of adaptations better to understand these cinematic interpretations' impact on cultural memory.