Lumière University Lyon 2

Reflecting the increasing interest in connectedness to nature (CN), research on connectedness to humanity (CH) has surged. Currently, the focus is on investigating the interplay and distinct contributions of CH and CN; however, the lack of a validated tool for assessing CH has led researchers to use non-comparable scales. This paper aims to (1) validate the Connectedness to Humanity Scale, adapted from the Connectedness to Nature Scale, (2) identify a global factor of connectedness underlying both CH and CN, and (3) delineate their unique contributions. Study 1 (N = 188) and Study 2 (N = 187) confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of the adapted scale and established its convergent and divergent validity, demonstrating its strong psychometric properties. Using bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling, Study 3 (N = 311) identified the global ‘connectedness’ factor model underlying both the CH and CN scales as the best fit. Additionally, Study 3 isolated the unique contributions of CH and CN to mental health indicators (i.e., depressive symptoms, identity threat appraisal) and mindfulness measures (i.e., five facets of mindfulness, nonattachment, and authentic happiness). Multiple regression analyses revealed CH’s unique contributions to mental health indicators, nonattachment, and authentic happiness, while CN uniquely influenced the observing and non-reacting facets of mindfulness. Although both CH and CN are underpinned by a global factor, they remain distinct constructs that contribute differently depending on the context, underscoring the need to explore both simultaneously.

The Senèze paleontological site (Haute-Loire, France) is situated on the banks of a maar lake, in the Auvergne volcanic region. It was first reported by M. Boule in 1892, following the chance discovery of a proboscidean skeleton reported by local scholars. Pierre Philis, a local peasant, became interested in fossil mammals and collected them in the fields around the hamlet over more than 40 years, from the end of the nineteenth century until the start of World War II. He sold them to museum curators, especially to H. G. Stehlin (Naturhistorisches Musem Basel), C. Depéret (Faculté des Sciences de Lyon), C. Gaillard (Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Lyon) and M. Boule (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris). The resulting collections, including mounted skeletons exhibited in museums, made the site famous. New species (and genera) of ruminant artiodactyls, primate and carnivores were defined from Senèze, which became a biochronological reference site for the late Villafranchian. After the war, only a few short field campaigns (prospecting, survey, mapping and minimal excavation) were undertaken, and it became clear that renewed research was required to better understand this important site. The Franco-American fieldwork led by the authors began with a survey and request for excavation permits in 2000, followed by intensive mapping, prospection and excavation from 2001–2006. After a brief review of previous work at and about Senèze, each year of our research is summarized and illustrated. The succeeding chapters of this volume are also “previewed”.

Our fieldwork at Senèze from 2000–2006 was designed to place the fauna from this important site in a precise stratigraphic and geochronologic framework, as well as to seek new elements of known taxa and possibly additional taxa. The analyses reported in this volume led to the recognition of six new taxa: Dinofelis sp., Canis sp., cf. Hemitragus, two indeterminate bovids and an indeterminate hyaenid; Ovis claudiusguerini n. sp. was newly named for a specimen previously indicated as Ovis sp. Hystrix refossa and Hyaenidae indet. (both recovered in our excavations) are new taxa for the site, as is Bison (Eobison) sp., a specimen of which was collected by A. Consigny on the surface and presented to the team. Senèze is the type-locality for 13 mammalian taxa: three genera, seven species and three subspecies. Fifty-eight vertebrates have now been recorded for the site: 39 mammals (one lagomorph, four rodents, 12 carnivores, two primates, 16 cetartiodactyls, three perissodactyls and one proboscidean), 17 birds and two fishes; three additional rare equids, if accepted, would raise the number of vertebrates to 61 and of mammals to 42. The major mammalian and avian taxa in the assemblage are reviewed, especially in terms of their chronological implications. The faunal list is compared to those from other sites in the Massif Central and the nearby Saint-Vallier, resulting in Senèze being distinguished from all others as representing the MNQ 18 biochronological unit, for which it is considered to be a reference locality. The definition of that unit is discussed and clarified. Further comparison was made with selected MNQ 17–18 localities from Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany. The Senèze fauna (other than Bison and perhaps some rare equids) is relatively homogeneous, with no evidence for a second assemblage as suggested by some previous authors. Its base age of ca. 2.20 Ma suggests this date for the beginning of MNQ 18, but the age of the end of this unit is still under discussion.

No remains of Sus strozzii were found during the new excavations in Senèze, but the nearly complete skeleton of a young male was found before World War II and is preserved in the Basel Natural History Museum. It was briefly studied and well illustrated by Azzaroli in 1954. The species is a large one, anatomically closer to the recent Southeast Asian long-snouted Sus verrucosus and S. barbatus than to the recent Eurasian Sus scrofa. Its cheek teeth are wider and lower, its molars less complicated and covered with thicker enamel than those of S. scrofa. Its limb bones are stockier than those of S. scrofa. S. strozzii is known in Western and Southeastern Europe and in the Middle East from the Early Villafranchian (biozone MNQ 16) onwards up to the early Middle Pleistocene (biozone MNQ 20). The presence of Sus strozzii is a clear indication of a rather forested area under a wet and probably warm climate.

The new fieldwork at Senèze ran from 2000 to 2006, with the goals of clarifying the age, stratigraphy and taphonomy of Senèze, as well as finding additional remains, especially of the less well-known taxa. Here we summarize the findings of each chapter and discuss their broader implications. Four geological chapters consider field methods, stratigraphy, volcanology and tephra mineralogy and dating. Following a chapter on palynology, two chapters discuss non-mammalian paleontology: ichthyology and ornithology. Eight chapters cover work on the fossil mammals. The chapter on biochronology places Senèze among other sites at the start of MNQ 18. Based on that work and the mammal chapters, it is possible to review the relative frequency of mammalian families in the total Senèze assemblage. Of some 2200 specimens, over half are cervids, with bovids, rhinocerotids and equids far behind. According to data from palynology and the habitat preferences of the more common mammals, the paleoenvironment around the Senèze maar would have included forest, woodland and grassland, perhaps in a warmer and moister climate than today. Taphonomic studies revealed that bones often rested a long time under water, lacked any indication of carnivore attack and often displayed pathologies in their joints. Combining these results and those from stratigraphy, it is proposed that most associated skeletons were preserved after large mammals fell into the lake and drowned without being disturbed.

This article examines how unmarried mothers’ bodies are constructed, from pregnancy to the after-birth, in two Aotearoa New Zealand Magdalene Bildungsromane. Magdalenism is a social structure which controlled women and girls’ femininity and sexuality in Western Europe and settler colonies from the 1640s to the 1990s. Whether in Magdalene Asylums or Mother and Baby “Homes,” Magdalene “penitents” and their children endured institutional discriminations based on their gender, class, ethnicity, and abilities. After a brief overview of Magdalenism, this chapter will observe Magdalene trauma-telling under the generic lens of the female Bildungsroman. It will study the social construction of unwed mothers as social pariahs, obstetrical violence, and (il)legal adoption practices. Aotearoa-based trauma theories will be adopted to analyze both novels, especially Sir Mason Durie’s te whare tapa wha¯ (the four-walled house) which conceptualizes how Māori envision health, and mana wa¯hine (women’s power/charisma/authority) which is a Ma¯ori feminist philosophical movement.

We examined word superiority and sentence superiority effects in post-cued letter identification by embedding target letters in a letter string that was part of a sequence of letter strings separated by spaces. Experiment 1 compared letter identification in words versus random consonant strings (i.e., nonwords), thus involving three conditions: grammatical word (e.g., HE RUNS O V ER THERE; the target being the letter V), ungrammatical word (e.g., THERE HE O V ER RUNS), and nonwords (e.g., THPRN HJ G V TR LPDKS). Stimuli were displayed for 500 ms and post-masked. Letter-in-word identification was greater in the grammatical than in the ungrammatical word context (a sentence superiority effect, SSE). Moreover, letter-identification accuracy was greater in words than in nonwords (a word superiority effect, WSE). Experiment 2 used pronounceable pseudowords instead of nonwords and replicated the SSE and WSE seen in Experiment 1, with the size of the WSE being substantially reduced relative to Experiment 1. Experiment 3 tested letter identification in words, pseudowords, and nonwords, either in a grammatical or in an ungrammatical context. We again found a significant SSE on letter-identification accuracy combined with the standard pattern of the WSE (word > pseudoword > nonword). Finally, the classic WSE pattern was also found when stimuli were presented in isolation in Experiment 4.

Using the “flanking-letters lexical decision” task, Dare and Shillcock The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 66, 487–504, (2013) and Grainger et al. Acta Psychologica , 146 , 35-40, (2014) demonstrated that word is facilitated when the flanking bigrams are present in the target word (e.g., RO ROCK CK), regardless of their position (e.g., CK ROCK RO), compared to different flanking bigrams (e.g., DA ROCK SH). This finding aligns with the Open Bigram Model proposed by Grainger and Van Heuven, (2004), which posits that orthographic representations in the Latin script are encoded by an unordered set of ordered letter bigrams. Employing the same task and experimental design, we replicated this key finding in Arabic. We observed a facilitative bigram-relatedness effect in both the repeated and the switched conditions. These results suggest that bigram coding reflects a universal orthographic mechanism, with letter bigrams functioning as representational units in Arabic, similar to their role in Latin scripts. Our findings also suggest that letter-position coding in Arabic may be more flexible than previously thought for Semitic scripts. We evaluate these conclusions within the framework of the Open Bigram Model and contrast them with the PONG model, which assumes absolute position coding.

Nonlinear phenomena (NLP) are often associated with high arousal and function to grab attention and/or signal urgency in vocalizations such as distress calls. Although biomechanical models and in vivo/ex vivo experiments suggest that their occurrence reflects the destabilization of vocal fold vibration under intense subglottal pressure and muscle tension, comprehensive descriptions of the dynamics of NLP occurrence in natural vocal signals are critically lacking. Here, to plug this gap, we report the timing, type, extent and acoustic context of NLP in 12 011 whines produced by Beagle puppies (Canis familiaris) during a brief separation from their mothers. Within bouts of whines, we show that both the proportion of time vocalizing and the number of whines containing NLP, especially those with chaos, increase with time since separation, presumably reflecting heightened arousal. Within whines, we show that NLP are typically produced during the first half of the call, following the steepest rises in pitch (fundamental frequency, fo) and amplitude. While our study reinforces the notion that NLP arise in calls due to instabilities in vocal production during high arousal, it also provides novel and efficient analytical tools for quantifying nonlinear acoustics in ecologically relevant mammal vocal communication contexts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear phenomena in vertebrate vocalizations: mechanisms and communicative functions’.

This chapter provides a political sociology of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), studying the resources held by the confederation and its leaders. It shows that the ETUC detains significant material and institutional resources, but that these are highly dependent on the European Commission. Moreover, these resources are highly sectoral, linked to the field of European social policies, and are only mobilized by a small number of European trade unionists involved in the confederation’s activities. Finally, the sociology of ETUC leaders underlines their partial Europeanization: they have acquired resources tailored to representing interests in Brussels, but remain above all trade union professionals.

The phenomenon of the revolving door, understood in this study as the reconversion of former members of the European Parliament (MEPs) to jobs linked to lobbying, has been the subject of increasing media and political attention over the last 20 years, although it is not yet easy to objectively weigh its significance or characterise its concrete forms or factors. This analysis attempts to shed light on this using two sources of information: statistical data on post-mandate careers (including lobbying) of a population of elected representatives (the French delegation to the European Parliament), combined with interviews conducted with former MEPs and potential recruiters in consulting firms and large companies. The first observation is that full-time employment as a lobbyist after a term of office is a statistically marginal phenomenon. The qualitative study then goes on to identify a set of explanations relating to the professional boundaries between political institutions and private/commercial organisations, even in a European arena that is reputed to be more blurred and malleable. Nonetheless, the analysis shows that such trajectories do exist, as do various forms of collaboration with interest representation organisations, and identifies which MEPs are more inclined towards this and what skills they bring to bear.

This chapter focuses on Eurodom, the business lobby for* French overseas territories, analysing how it has come to occupy a central position in the definition of EU policy for the outermost regions. Taking a historical and sociological approach, it investigates the positions and resources of the association’s members, which lie at the intersection of European and technical/executive dynamics and national and political/parliamentary dynamics.

Two effects on memory have been described in the literature: the emotional enhancement of memory (EEM) (i.e., an emotional stimulus is better remembered than a neutral stimulus) and the dynamic superiority effect (DSE) (i.e., a moving visual stimulus is better remembered than a static stimulus). However, the DSE has previously only been studied using complex visual stimuli (e.g., video clips). Thus, the first objective of the present study was to examine whether the DSE will be observed with simple visual stimuli (i.e., isolated moving stimuli). The second objective was to examine whether people’s emotional memory will be affected by stimulus motion. We conducted three experiments, two using a free recall task, Experiment 1A (online) and 1B (in-person), and one using a recognition task (in-person). Participants viewed negative, positive, and neutral stimuli in two motion conditions, dynamic and static, and then had to recall or recognize them. In all three experiments, we observed an EEM but no DSE. Thus, our data verify that emotions affect memory performance but provide no evidence of motion effects on memory of simple stimuli.

The Spanish housing rights movement has been consistently demanding new regulations of the housing sector. In addition to protests, it has campaigned for popular legislative initiatives (PLI) that have generated different outcomes. How can we account for such variation? To address this question, this article compares three PLI campaigns for housing rights: the national PLI (2011–2013), the Catalan PLI (2014–2015), and the Madrid PLI (2017). Whereas the three PLIs collected enough signatures to be submitted to congress, only two managed to pass the first stage of the legislative process, and only one was eventually turned into law. This study argues that these legislative outcomes must be unpacked and disaggregated into concatenations of stages that were shaped by three processes: coalition building, salience building, and legitimacy building. It uses a process tracing method to show empirically how these dynamics unfolded in the three abovementioned PLIs.

This study explores the concept of luxury through the lens of sustainability, questioning conventional interpretations and promoting a broader comprehension of luxury’s compatibility with sustainability. It also explores the potential positive effects of luxury consumption and production at various scales—individual (micro), industry (meso), and environment (macro). This research, adopting a positive theory approach and aligning with the transformative luxury research (TLR) stream, proposes a novel framework termed “positive luxury.” This framework, informed by consumer insights, introduces additional pillars of sustainable practices in the luxury sector that yield positive impacts. These pillars encompass ecological, social, and economic aspects, as well as ethical governance, supply chain integrity, philanthropy, well-being, and diversity, equality, and inclusion (DEI). The findings underscore the significance of a consumer-centered perspective and reveal the nuanced positive impacts that consumers perceive from each of these pillars. Furthermore, the study advances existing works by classifying sustainable pillars into either “core” or “incipient” qualities, while responding to the TLR stream’s call for a focus on well-being outcomes. The findings have implications for policymakers and luxury businesses alike, offering potential directions for future research.

Background: In 2020, people living with HIV (PLHIV) in France were worried that the COVID-19 health crisis would lead to long-term changes in their HIV care. Using data from the anonymous, online, cross-sectional survey ACOVIH, which was completed by PLHIV between July and September 2020, this study explored factors associated with worry about long-term changes to HIV care after the end of the first lockdown (17 March-11 May 2020). Methods: Using multivariate logistic regression, we compared participants who declared they were worried about long-term changes with those who did not, in terms of their demographic, behavioral, and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as their experience of the COVID-19 crisis and access to care. Results: Among the 249 respondents, 61.5% (n = 153) declared having worries about long-term changes to HIV care. Specifically, after adjustment for gender and age, PLHIV born outside of France (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) [95%CI] = 2.57[1.44;6.76]), those whose financial situation deteriorated since the beginning of the pandemic (4.87[1.97;13.20]), those with a history of HIV opportunistic infections (3.27[1.53;7.32]), and respondents who took psychotropic drugs (3.21[1.50;7.22]) were all more likely to declare having worries. In terms of related determinants, a deterioration in communication with their HIV medical team (3.47[1.61;7.94]), having worries about COVID-19 (1.36[1.14;1.62]), and believing that HIV treatment increased the risk of COVID-19 infection (1.52[1.15;2.03]), were all significantly associated with having worries about long-term changes to HIV care. Conclusion: In the context of future disease epidemics, taking into account the profiles of individual PLHIV, and providing clearer, targeted information on HIV care, could help reduce worry in this population about the continuity of HIV care and could foster efficient communication with care providers.

Despite the growing interest in the study of attentional refreshing, the functioning of this working memory maintenance mechanism, including its cerebral underpinnings, is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear whether refreshing promotes long-term memory and whether it, in return, depends on long-term memory content to operate. Here, we used direct maintenance instructions and measured brain activity to investigate working memory maintenance with two objectives: (1) test if different behavioral and oscillatory patterns could be observed when participants were instructed to use attentional refreshing versus verbal rehearsal, and (2) observe whether and how refreshing is modulated when maintaining novel (pseudowords) versus familiar (words) memoranda. We conducted an EEG experiment using a modified Brown-Peterson task, in which we manipulated the type of maintenance engaged through explicit instructions (verbal rehearsal vs. refreshing), the type of memoranda (words vs. pseudowords), and the memory load (2 vs. 6). Using scalp EEG, we measured both neural oscillations during working memory maintenance and ERPs during the concurrent parity judgment task. For words, we showed that verbal rehearsal benefited more short-term recall whereas refreshing benefited more delayed recall. In keeping with these behavioral differences between maintenance instructions, frontal–midline theta power increased with memory load only when using verbal rehearsal, whereas occipito-parietal alpha desynchronization was larger with refreshing than verbal rehearsal. When maintaining pseudowords, verbal rehearsal also benefitted short-term recall more than refreshing. However, no long-term memory benefit of refreshing was observed for pseudowords, and oscillatory activity was not different under the two maintenance instructions. Our results provide new evidence supporting the independence between attentional refreshing and verbal rehearsal, and bring new insight into refreshing functioning. We discuss the possible interpretations of these results and the implications for the attentional refreshing literature.