Loyola Marymount University

This chapter examines the relationship between nonverbal bodily behaviors and personality in the context of social interactions. The chapter discusses (1) the role of nonverbal behavior and personality in social perception processes; (2) how observable nonverbal behavior is fundamental to defining personality; (3) documented nonverbal bodily behaviors associated with specific personality traits; (4) whether descriptions of personality include bodily behaviors; and (5) whether nonverbal bodily behaviors are captured in personality inventories. I conclude with some remaining factors and final thoughts about the relationship between nonverbal bodily behavior and personality.

Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) are critical to promoting the civic development of racial and ethnic minoritized students. The importance of HSIs to the civic development of students is heightened when the institution is geographically located in underserved communities. This chapter focuses on the organizational structures, including the practices and policies, which promote the civic development of racial and ethnic minoritized students and communities from the perspective of ten racial and ethnic minoritized undergraduate students at Manuel State College (MSC; pseudonym), a public four-year federally designated HSI in Southern California. The chapter presents four prominent factors that support the civic development of racial and ethnic minoritized students such as student’s sense of civic duty and responsibility, and the crucial role of family, peers, faculty, and outreach programs. The chapter includes recommendations for practices related to the four factors that foster the civic development of racial and ethnic minoritized students. Lastly, we conclude with reflection questions for higher education professionals to help generate further consideration, discussion, innovation, and action.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), or both may exhibit varied manifestations of depressive and anxiety symptomatology, reflecting the complex interplay between sleep disturbances, neurotransmitter imbalances, and psychosocial stressors in these often overlapping conditions. The aim of this study was to compare depressive and anxiety symptomatology, insomnia severity, and sleepiness in these conditions. Patients were enrolled and subdivided into those with OSA, RLS, and OSA + RLS. All were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. A total of 159 patients were enrolled, with OSA ( n = 85), RLS ( n = 11), and OSA + RLS ( n = 63). A significant difference was observed for PHQ-9 (higher in patients with RLS, associated or not with OSA); however, the groups also differed for age (older in RLS) and apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) (higher in OSA). The group difference in PHQ-9 persisted also after ruling out the confounding effects of age and AHI. Our study highlights the significant burden of depressive symptomatology in patients with OSA, RLS, or both. RLS patients consistently exhibited higher levels of depressive symptomatology compared with OSA patients, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessment and tailored management strategies targeting both sleep-related and psychiatric symptoms in this population.

Technological innovations have made complaining easier. Often, when it is easy to complain, only problems that meet a high threshold of complaints are addressed. We present a novel model of the strategic environment facing complainers and demonstrate that the properties of the resulting games' equilibria justify the existence of high complaint thresholds. By setting the thresholds appropriately, an administrator can prevent complaints that are not worth addressing. Policies that minimize the cost of complaining while requiring a large threshold are universally more efficient for large constituencies. Our results regarding the equilibrium for large constituencies are facilitated by the application of the Lambert‐W function, demonstrating how this tool can be employed to analyze games with a large number of players. We motivate the model using a rich data set of complaints from New York City.

The paper explores the gap between the church, seen from the ivory tower of high ecclesiology, and the ecclesial realities on the ground. It criticizes the romantic approach to the phenomenon of the church, which tends to ignore such a gap. It argues that ignoring the church’s shortcomings may lead to catastrophic consequences, including endorsing wars. A romantic approach to the church can generate momentum for mission, but its results can easily lead to the frustration of those converted. An honest mission should include disclaimers about past mistakes made by the church. It is also the only way to avoid similar mistakes in the future. Building bridges over the gaps between the church romanticized and the real church helps its members grow spiritually and, ultimately, enhances the church’s mission.

Introduction The progression of type 2 diabetes in humans appears to be linked to the loss of insulin-producing β-cells. One of the major contributors to β-cell loss is the formation of toxic human IAPP amyloid (hIAPP, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, amylin) in the pancreas. Inhibiting the formation of toxic hIAPP amyloid could slow, if not prevent altogether, the progression of type 2 diabetes. Many non-human organisms also express amyloidogenic IAPP variants known to kill pancreatic cells and give rise to diabetes-like symptoms. Surprisingly, some of these non-human IAPP variants function as inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation, raising the possibility of developing non-human IAPP peptides into anti-diabetic therapeutic peptides. One such inhibitory IAPP variant is seal IAPP, which has been shown to inhibit hIAPP aggregation. Seal IAPP only differs from hIAPP by three amino acids. In this study, each of the six seal/human IAPP permutations was analyzed to identify the role of each of the three amino acid positions in inhibiting hIAPP aggregation. Aims This study aimed toidentify the minimal amino acid substitutions to yield a peptide inhibitor of human IAPP aggregation. Objective Determine the minimal amino acid substitutions necessary to convert human IAPP into an amyloid-inhibiting peptide. Objective The goal of the study was to determine the minimal amino acid substitutions necessary to convert human IAPP into an amyloid-inhibiting peptide. Methods The formation of toxic hIAPP amyloid was monitored using Thioflavin T binding assays, atomic force microscopy, and MTT cell rescue studies. Results One seal IAPP variant retained amyloid-inhibition activity, and two variants appeared to be more amyloidogenic and toxic than wild-type human IAPP. Conclusion These results suggest that inhibition of hIAPP requires both the H18R and F23L substitutions of hIAPP.

Political science research has assessed how racial attitudes influence political behavior. However, less is known about the political effects of anti-Asian views, even as anti-Asian sentiment resurfaced during the pandemic. We theorize that the linkage of COVID-19 to Asian Americans by political elites activated anti-Asian animosity and shaped vote choice during the 2020 election. Using cross-sectional over time and panel data from the American National Election Studies, we find that holding more anti-Asian attitudes was not associated with Republican vote choice between 2008–2016, including when Donald Trump first ran. However, anti-Asian views became strongly related to voting for Trump in 2020. Further panel analysis demonstrates evidence that anti-Asian views measured prior in 2016 increased the likelihood of vote switching to the Republican Party in 2020. We conclude by discussing the potentially persisting political effects of anti-Asian attitudes in an environment continuously characterized by anti-Asian hate and especially during future election cycles that may feature increasingly diverse candidates of Asian heritage, running for elective office across various levels of government—including for the presidency. This study contributes to research on how and when racial attitudes influence political behavior and suggests, again, the centrality of race and ethnicity in American Politics.

In this chapter, I present an overview of human rights education and the policy guidelines for national plans of action developed by the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR). Further, I focus on comprehensive national initiatives within the decade that are being undertaken in Japan, Austria, and the United States, with particular attention to the implementation of human rights education in formal secondary school settings.

Recent archaeological research in western Jordan, and the (semi-)arid regions of the southern Levant more generally, have prompted wide-ranging inquiry regarding technologies, economic interconnections, settlement patterns and subsistence strategies during the 11th and 10th centuries BCE. For western Jordan in particular, recent proposals have focussed on questions related to the nature of socio-political organization, arguing for the presence of both sedentary and nomadic hierarchies that challenge existing interpretations of largely decentralized agropastoral subsistence-based communities. Central to these discussions are a series of small, fortified sites, originally identified as the ‘Mudayna’ sites of the Wadi al-Mujib region. Recent archaeological research north of the Wadi al-Mujib, however, has identified that this type of site is not geographically restricted, but part of a broader regional, yet decentralized, pattern of agropastoral subsistence communities. This article introduces the site of ʿAyun adh-Dhib, an additional site of this character north of the Wadi al-Mujib. Findings from an archaeological survey conducted in 2023 at ʿAyun adh-Dhib support the notion of an emerging regional pattern of social adaptive responses to living in specific ecological niches during a period of social and political transition in the early Iron Age.

This paper examines the naming episode in the Quran's Adam story, in which God teaches Adam “the names, all of them”, to counter the angels' objection to the creation of the human creature on the basis that he will “spread corruption … and will shed blood”. I try to show that the traditional understanding of this narrative in Western scholarship, which connects it ultimately to the Genesis 2 episode in which Adam names all the creatures of the land and sky, fails to do justice to a close reading of the quranic text itself. Instead, I argue for an alternative reading of the passage already suggested by early Muslim exegetes, in which God's teaching Adam the “names” refers to Adam being introduced to his future offspring. This, in turn, is central to the Quran's engagement with the problem of theodicy.

Irredentist disputes have produced distinct political ethnoterritories under the de jure sovereignty of recognised parent states, but the de facto political authority of external national homelands. This study problematises the relationship between national homeland and claimed ethnoterritory as a nested game in which, in addition to bargaining with each other, they face internal competition, outbidding, and changing costs of conflict, ultimately reducing commitment to external-facing bargains. This study contends that homelands pursuing irredentist conflict can reduce uncertainty and increase commitment from ethnoterritories by building hegemonic cross-border clientelist pyramids that link ethnoterritorial publics’ and elites’ political survival and livelihoods to supporting homelands’ preferences. Further, these structures marginalise alternative elites who may seek to contravene preferences by escalating conflict and increasing costs on homelands or bargaining across ethnic cleavages. Case studies of protracted conflicts in Cyprus, Kosovo, and Croatia support this argument and further find that public-sector distribution linked to the homeland is most effective in reducing competition and uncertainty, thereby increasing long-term commitment to preferences.

Background Geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic differences in health outcomes persist despite the global focus on these issues by health organizations. Barriers to accessing care contribute significantly to these health disparities. Among these barriers, those related to travel time—the time required for patients to travel from their residences to health facilities—remain understudied compared with others. Objective This study aimed to explore the impact of telehealth in addressing health disparities associated with travel time to hospitals for patients with recurrent hospital admissions. It specifically examined the role of telehealth in reducing in-hospital length of stay (LOS) for patients living farther from the hospital. Methods We sourced the data from 4 datasets, and our final effective sample consisted of 1,600,699 admissions from 536,182 patients from 63 hospitals in New York and Florida in the United States from 2012 to 2015. We applied fixed-effect models to examine the direct effects and the interaction between telehealth and patients’ travel time to hospitals on LOS. We further conducted a series of robustness checks to validate our main models and performed post hoc analyses to explore the different effects of telehealth across various patient groups. Results Our summary statistics show that, on average, 22.08% (353,396/1,600,699) of patients were admitted to a hospital with telehealth adopted, with an average LOS of 5.57 (SD 5.06) days and an average travel time of about 16.89 (SD 13.32) minutes. We found that telehealth adoption is associated with a reduced LOS (P<.001) and this effect is especially pronounced as the patients’ drive time to the hospital increases. Specifically, the coefficient for drive time is –0.0079 (P<.001), indicating that for every additional minute of driving time, there is a decrease of 0.0079 days (approximately 11 minutes) in the expected LOS. We also found that telehealth adoption has a larger impact on patients frequently needing health services, patients living in high internet coverage areas, and patients who have high virtualization potential diseases. Conclusions Our findings suggest that telehealth adoption can mitigate certain health disparities for patients living farther from hospitals. This study provides key insights for health care practitioners and policy makers on telehealth’s role in addressing distance-related disparities and planning health care resources. It also has practical implications for hospitals in resource-limited countries that are in the early stages of implementing telehealth.

This study investigates the daily dynamics between recovery experiences, sleep quality, resilience, job crafting, and long-term job performance. By building on prior research that highlights the critical roles of recovery and sleep in employee well-being and performance, we focus on job crafting as a key behavioral outcome of off-job recovery activities. Drawing on the self-regulatory strength model, we propose that recovery experiences and sleep quality replenish self-regulatory resources needed for self-control, fostering next-day job crafting through enhanced resilience. Using the experience-sampling method for 91 flight attendants, who answered two daily surveys over five days, we found a positive relationship between overnight experiences of recovery, sleep quality, and job crafting on the subsequent day, which was mediated by resilience the following morning. Additionally, daily resilience and job crafting mediated the positive impact of daily recovery experiences and sleep quality on job performance measured three months later. Notably, this study departs from previous ones by viewing job crafting as a self-regulatory behavior impacted by a cognitive self-control mechanism. Our findings underscore the importance of supporting employee recovery and sleep to facilitate job crafting and long-term performance. These insights offer practical implications for organizational policies and culture, training initiatives, and interventions aimed at enhancing employee well-being and sustained productivity.