Londrina State University

RESUMO O objetivo foi desenvolver e validar o instrumento intitulado Barreiras e Facilitadores para a Prática Interprofissional Colaborativa na Atenção Primária à Saúde (BFPIC-APS), sendo desenvolvido em três etapas. A primeira foi o desenvolvimento da versão inicial do instrumento com 12 itens e avaliação por 20 especialistas que indicaram as questões como adequadas quanto ao conteúdo (menor valor 85% e maior 95%). Após, foi verificada a reprodutibilidade, com 27 profissionais de saúde. Todos os itens atingiram uma concordância relativa maior do que 74%. Por fim, foi verificada a validade confirmatória e consistência interna, com 799 profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os resultados apontaram uma estrutura tri-fatorial (Fator 1– Composição das equipes e oportunidades para compartilhamento de conhecimentos; Fator 2 – Condições de trabalho; Fator 3 – Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Habilidades). O alfa de Cronbach mostrou valores que variaram entre 0,76 e 0,87. O modelo final apresentou qualidade de ajustamento excelente e bons valores de validade convergente e discriminante. O BFPIC-APS apresentou bons indicadores de validade, podendo ser recomendado para avaliar BFPIC-APS.

The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument entitled Barriers and Facilitators of Collaborative Interprofessional Practice in Primary Health Care (BFCIP-PHC), which was developed in three stages. The first stage involved the development of the initial version of the instrument, which contained 12 items and was evaluated by 20 experts, who indicated that the questions were adequate in terms of content (lower bound 85%, higher bound 95%). The reproducibility of this approach was subsequently verified by reference to 27 health professionals. All the items exhibited a relative agreement greater than 74%. Finally, the content validity and internal consistency were assessed by reference to 799 Primary Health Care professionals. The results revealed a tri-factorial structure (Factor 1 – Team composition and opportunities for knowledge sharing; Factor 2 – Working conditions; and Factor 3 – Knowledge, attitudes and skills). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged between 0.76 and 0.87. The final model exhibited excellent goodness of fit and good values with respect to convergent and discriminant validity. The BFCIP-PHC was thus associated with good indicators of validity and may be recommended as a tool that can be used to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of collaborative interprofessional practice.

Carcasses of road-killed wild animals provide critical insights into animal health and environmental conditions. However, data on the presence of lung parasites and their effects on the health of white-eared opossums are limited. This study examines lung parasites and their pathological effects on white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) found in northern Paraná, Brazil. We collected and processed lung samples from 21 opossums using standard histological techniques. Lung nematodes were preserved and identified by their morphological traits. Heterostrongylus heterostrongylus (Travassos, 1925) was detected in nine animals (42.8%). Key histological observations included diffuse interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, pulmonary hemorrhage, smooth muscle hypertrophy in the pulmonary vessels, congestion, and edema. Although the immediate cause of death was hypovolemic or neurogenic shock from vehicular collisions, the findings underscore the significance of studying road-killed wild animals to evaluate wildlife health and environmental status. This research also documents the first instance of H. heterostrongylus lung infections in D. albiventris, suggesting that these parasites significantly impact lung health.

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a substantial increase in the number of severely ill hospitalized patients, which coincided with a corresponding increase in the consumption of medical supplies, including vascular devices. In this context, vascular surgeons perceived an absolute increase in complications associated with their use. Objectives To calculate the rate of severe complications requiring surgical vascular intervention following vascular device implantation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective cohort was conducted to investigate complications associated with vascular devices, such as central venous catheters (CVC), arterial lines, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), totally implantable venous catheters, and semi-implantable venous catheters. The exposed population was defined based on the number of vascular devices used during the pandemic period, identified using the WPDHOSP materials management software. A total of 1,708 consultations with the vascular surgery team were analyzed using Medview medical record software. Patient records were evaluated, selecting those requiring vascular intervention. Results Out of a total of 16,988 vascular devices used, 25 patients needed surgical or endovascular vascular interventions. This corresponds to a severe complication rate of 0.14%. The complications found were intravascular foreign body, active bleeding, pseudoaneurysm, unintentional arterial implantation, expanding cervical hematoma, acute limb ischemia, and arteriovenous fistula. Patients underwent vascular procedures such as foreign body removal, arterial repair, arterial embolization, endovascular stenting, arterial thrombectomy, and arteriovenous fistula repair. Conclusions The severe complication rate is consistent with incidences found in the pre-pandemic literature.

Background This study aimed to characterize the clinical results and usability of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) associated with a digital visualization system in vitreoretinal surgery for macular hole correction. Methods This is a descriptive observational study of patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for macular hole at Brazilian Eye Surgery Center in which the digital visualization system associated with iOCT was used. Anatomical and functional results were collected 6 months after surgery. Macular hole closure rates, pre- and post-operative visual acuity were measured in addition to surgeon feedback and the percentage in which the technology allowed intraoperative decision-making. Results 25 eyes of 25 patients were included in the study. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/100, ranging from 20/50 to less than 20/400, and postoperative visual acuity was 20/60, ranging from 20/25 to less than 20/400. The time spent with iOCT did not result in surgical delay, as the average time spent was 3.24 extra minutes spent per surgery. Closure of the macular hole was achieved successfully in 92% of cases. In 8% of them surgical success in closing the macular hole was achieved after a new fluid-gas exchange in the office. The surgeon preferred real-time iOCT and, in 4% (1/25) of cases, it influenced the change in surgical technique, preventing unnecessary ILM (Internal Limiting Membrane) peeling after complete removal of the posterior hyaloid and closing the macular hole. In all cases the surgeon reported valid feedback regarding the use of information provided by real-time OCT. This tool was valid for confirming complete ILM peeling in all cases in which it was performed. Finally, iOCT made it possible to identify the appropriate location to begin creating the ILM flap in 2 cases (8%) both of fragile retina; It prevented a new injection of dyes to identify residual ILM in 8% of cases (2/25) and allowed verification of the correct positioning of the pedicled ILM flap over the hole in 16% (4/25) of cases. Therefore, in 36% of cases (9/25) iOCT was essential for the final surgical outcome. Conclusion This study suggests that the use of iOCT integrated with a digital viewing microscope for the treatment of macular holes offers high standard usability and effectiveness for visualizing structures, and impact favorably on decision-making process during pars-plana vitrectomy. These findings suggest that in the near future, expanded use of iOCT could significantly improve tissue management at the vitreomacular interface and improve anatomical and functional results.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of parity and body condition score at calving on the metabolic profile of high-producing Holstein × Gyr cows during the transition period. Cows were divided into groups according to the parity: primiparous (n = 20), biparous (n = 20), multiparous (n = 20); and according to the BCS at calving: high (HBCS; > 3.5; n = 20), normal (NBCS; 3.0 − 3.5; n = 21), and low (LBCS; < 3.0; n = 15). BCS, serum non- esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutirate (BHB), cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), aspartateaminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and plasma glucose levels were measured on -21, -7, 0, 7, 21, and 42 days relative to parturition. Differences between parity groups were observed for most metabolites; however, these differences occurred at a few time points and were more frequent at 7 and 21 days in milk (DIM). At 21 DIM, primiparous cows had lower BCS, BHB, cholesterol, and TP values and intermediate NEFA and Mg values. Multiparous cows exhibited lower Ca values at calving than primiparous cows. Differences between groups according to BCS at calving were observed mainly at parturition and during early lactation. HBCS cows had significantly differences in NEFA values than LBCS cows at calving and in BHB values than LBCS cows at calving and at 7 and 21 DIM. Subclinical hypocalcemia at calving was the main imbalance (53.1%) mainly affecting multiparous cows. It can be concluded that well-nourished high-producing Holstein × Gyr cows are metabolically balanced, and that parity and BCS at calving do not significantly impact the metabolic profile of Holstein x Gyr cows.

Geraniol, a monoterpene essential oils, has been investigated as a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticides. Its action may benefit from using the nanoencapsulation technique, which could enhance its properties. In this study, we assessed the effects of acute exposures to geraniol and nanoencapsulated geraniol on biomarkers of the Neotropical teleost Prochilodus lineatus. For this, juveniles of P. lineatus were exposed to a control group containing water and the solvent (CTR - Pluronic F-68®), zein nanocapsules (NANO), nanoencapsulated geraniol (nGER), or geraniol in its conventional form (GER), all at a concentration of 5 mg L⁻¹. After exposures (24 and 96 h), biochemical, genotoxic, physiological, and histological biomarkers were analyzed in blood, brain, muscle, liver, and gills. When compared to respective controls, our results showed a significant increase in DNA damage in the erythrocytes of fish exposed to GER and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of animals exposed to nGER and GER, as well as a significant decrease in glutathione content in the gills of animals exposed to nGER. However, empty zein nanocapsules were toxic to the animals, given the total mortality of the NANO group after 24 h exposure. Thus, compared to NANO, nGER was less harmful, suggesting that the interaction of geraniol with the nanocapsules attenuated the effects induced by the empty NANOs. Overall, nanoencapsulated geraniol caused fewer effects in P. lineatus than geraniol. However, further studies should be carried out before its use as an alternative to more sustainable agriculture. Graphical Abstract

Resumo A partir das marcas de diferentes trajetórias investigativas, evidenciadas nas produções das duas primeiras décadas pelo Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa sobre a Formação de Professores que Ensinam Matemática (Gepefopem), este artigo discute contextos, ações e processos formativos promovidos pelo grupo, bem como perspectivas para/de aprendizagem profissional docente (APD) e para/do movimento de constituição da identidade profissional docente (IPD) produzidas nessas trajetórias. A articulação resultante desses processos formativos sintetiza a pertinência de ações de pesquisa e de formação situadas no revezamento entre teoria e prática. As análises, apresentadas aqui, ilustram a abrangência e a importância do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática (PPGEM) na expansão e no fortalecimento de teorias no âmbito da educação matemática, especialmente no que se refere à formação de professores que ensinam matemática (FPEM).

Based on the marks of different investigative trajectories evidenced in the productions of the first two decades by the Study and Research Group on the Education of Teachers who Teach Mathematics (Gepefopem), this article discusses contexts, actions, and teacher education processes promoted as well as ways of looking at teacher professional learning (TPL) and for the movement to establish the teacher professional identity (TPI). The articulation resulting from this process highlights theoretical and methodological contributions to the field of research on mathematics teacher education (MTE), which synthesize perspectives of TPL and the movement for the constitution of TPI to explain the relevance of actions located in the relay between theory and practice. In this sense, the scope of the Postgraduate Program in Mathematics Education (PPGEM) for expanding and consolidating theories in mathematics education, particularly in the education of teachers who teach mathematics, is evident.

Resumen El artículo tiene como propósito pensar las relaciones de significado entre los lazos sociales, las experiencias emocionales y la constitución de subjetividades en la trama escolar a partir de la sociología figuracional de Norbert Elias. Desde una perspectiva socioeducativa, se comparten parte de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa en la que se entrevistaron a jóvenes de escuelas secundarias de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Los testimonios recuperados son analizados a la luz de categorías como figuraciones, valencias afectivas, establecidos y marginados, a los fines de identificar el modo en que las trayectorias signadas por el dolor social se encuentran en la base de la constitución de subjetividades negadas.

Descriptive analysis (DA) is the gold standard for sensory profiling due to its robustness and reliability. However, its high cost, time demand, and labor intensity limit routine applications in the food industry. Rapid Sensory Profiling Techniques (RSPTs) have emerged as faster, less resource‐intensive alternatives to address these challenges. Among them, preferred attribute elicitation (PAE) stands out. This review aims, for the first time, to comprehensively clarify applications of PAE in food products and provide insights into challenges and trends. PAE enables consumers to collaboratively identify, measure, categorize, and prioritize key attributes while providing hedonic insight. By ranking attributes based on their relevance to product acceptance and preference, PAE integrates descriptive and affective dimensions of sensory perception, enhancing the understanding of consumer experience and product appeal. PAE has been applied to fruits, meat, dairy, dairy alternatives, bakery products, and beverages, yielding sensory profiles comparable to those obtained via DA. It has also been used to evaluate processing, resampling, storage, and fermentation effects, distinguish commercial products, and analyze sensory perception differences among consumer groups. Key methodological factors affecting PAE's reliability include the moderator's expertise, panelist profile, and attribute selection. Future research should expand its application to unexplored food categories, validate its relevance compared to traditional acceptance tests, assess its effectiveness in complex food matrices, and integrate it with other sensory methods. This is the first comprehensive review of the PAE application, offering practical insights for researchers and the food industry on correctly using this method.

Weaning and introduction to a solid diet result in physiological stress in piglets. This can be offset by using complex diets. The terms 'complexity' and 'complex diets' are used in practice and academia but are not precisely defined. The aim of this review was to identify the ingredients in weaner diets, their inclusion levels and how the number of ingredients or complexity of diets influences weaner performance, intestinal and systemic health, environmental sustainability and antibiotic use. Not all diets are formulated equally. Some prioritize meeting the weaner's nutritional needs, while other diets seek to align health promotion and adaptation to the environment. Diet composition is of vital importance for young piglets, thus the components needed in these complex diets must be defined. Healthy, environmentally adapted pigs have excellent growth performance. We therefore recommend use of a new term, 'gut health supporting diets', to encompass the many concepts associated with diet complexity.

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), is a member of the Macavirus genus, shares the 15 A antigenic epitope that is common to members of the malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) complex, and induces sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) in susceptible mammalian hosts. Sheep, the adapted hosts, rarely show pathological evidence of infection. This study describes the unusual SA-MCF lesions in a lamb, with concomitant polioencephalomalacia (PEM), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1)-associated pneumonia, and caseous lymphadenitis. A 4-month-old, male, Santa Ines sheep died after presenting clinical manifestations of a neurological syndrome suggestive of PEM. Routine post-mortem evaluations identified rib impressions on the plural surface of the lungs, pulmonary and lymph node abscesses, and marked flattening of the cerebral gyri and narrowing of the sulci. Histopathology revealed interstitial pneumonia, suppurative bacterial bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis, myocarditis, and hepatitis. The brain had histological evidence of PEM. Immunohistochemistry detected intralesional intracytoplasmic antigens of MCFV within epithelial cells of the lungs, liver, kidney, and small intestine. OvGHV2 DNA was amplified from the spleen, liver, kidney, and myocardium. Other common infectious disease pathogens of sheep were not detected. Accordingly, neuropathological manifestations of PEM, with concomitant caseous lymphadenitis, and infections by BoAHV1 and OvGHV2 were diagnosed. The neurological disease is hypothesized to have disrupted the normal biological functions in this lamb, while immunosuppression caused by BoAHV1 might have reactivated a latent OvGHV2 infection. Consequently, it seems that sheep may present pathological evidence of OvGHV2-induced lesions when there is a concomitant debilitating disease condition.

Purpose: Acceleration is a continuous variable, and current practices of categorizing it into nonconsensual arbitrary thresholds may potentially lead to imprecise and biased data interpretation, as well as limiting interstudy comparisons. This commentary proposes a reframing of the interpretation of acceleration data and their use for athlete monitoring and exercise prescription. Although this applies to multiple sports, we will focus on the example of team sports in which these metrics are commonly used. Conclusion: Despite the recognized benefits of acceleration monitoring, 2 major limitations are evident. First, the common practice of classifying continuous acceleration data into discrete categories leads to a loss of relevant information, thus reducing the validity, reliability, and statistical power of analyses. Second, the use of arbitrary thresholds fails to account for individualized profiles, which are essential for monitoring. The limitations of these approaches are exacerbated by the lack of any objective justification for the thresholds used. We propose that acceleration be analyzed continuously, and, therefore, interpretation of data should be individualized. Accelerations should be analyzed as continuous variables rather than categorized into arbitrary thresholds. Individualized monitoring using players' maximum acceleration as a reference can provide a more accurate representation of players' physical demands.

We establish orbital stability results for cnoidal periodic waves of the cubic nonlinear Klein–Gordon and Schrödinger equations in the energy space restricted to zero mean periodic functions. More precisely, on the one hand, we prove that the cnoidal waves of the cubic Klein–Gordon equation are orbitally unstable as a direct application of the theory developed by Grillakis, Shatah, and Strauss. On the other hand, we show that the cnoidal waves for the Schrödinger equation are orbitally stable by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional restricted to the associated zero mean energy space. The spectral analysis of the corresponding linearized operators, restricted to the periodic Sobolev space consisting of zero mean periodic functions, is performed using the Floquet theory and a Morse Index Theorem.

The standardisation of procedures to study pathogen-host interaction has always been a challenge for researchers, especially in the field of nematology. One of the critical points is defining the initial densities of nematodes and the optimal time after inoculation to evaluate experiments. This study aimed to determine the initial population densities of Meloidogyne paranaensis in susceptible coffee seedlings, with the goal of optimising experiments focused on selecting coffee genotypes in relation to their response to this nematode under glasshouse conditions. For this purpose, ‘Mundo Novo’ coffee seedlings with five pairs of leaves were cultivated in 945 cm ³ pots and inoculated with different population densities of M. paranaensis per plant (700, 1400, 2800, 5600 and 11 200). They were evaluated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after inoculation to determine the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The results indicate that M. paranaensis populations between 700 and 2800 nematodes, evaluated between 90 and 180 days after inoculation, demonstrated more consistent and accurate results regarding the RF values obtained compared to larger nematode populations.

Introduction Multicomponent exercise programs have demonstrated benefits for both cognitive and physical function. However, their effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels remain inconsistent, particularly in protocols incorporating functional exercises. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two distinct multicomponent exercise protocols on BDNF levels and physical fitness in older women. Methods Ninety physically active. community-dwelling older women (70.4 ± 7.2 years) were allocated to three different groups: 1) Multicomponent program 1: Circuit-based functional training; 2) Multicomponent program 2: Pilates Method; and 3) control group that received only health education. Both multicomponent programs were conducted over a 12-week period, with 50-minute sessions held three times per week. The control group participated in 12-week Health Education intervention with 90-minute sessions once a week. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, short physical performance battery, agility, six-minute walk, and handgrip tests were measured. Results Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels increased significantly in both the functional training group (p<0.001) and Pilates group (p=0.005), with a more pronounced increase observed in the functional training group. The distance covered in the six-minute walk test also increased significantly in the functional training group (p=0.001) and was greater compared to both the Pilates (p<0.001) and control (p<0.001) groups. Conclusions Both multicomponent exercise programs led to increased BDNF levels after 12-week intervention. However, functional training yielded superior results compared to the Pilates method, possibly mediated by improvement in physical function.