Landesinstitut für Pädagogik und Medien

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag zu den Zielen der Agenda 2030 beschreibt das mit dem Qualitätssiegel „Projekt Nachhaltigkeit 2020“ ausgezeichnete Konzept der Stadtbibliothek Homburg zur Erfüllung der Nachhaltigkeitsziele. Der Fokus liegt auf Angeboten für verschiedene Altersgruppen und in der Vernetzung mit den Schulen im Einzugsgebiet. Gleichzeitig werden Materialien konzipiert, die alle Lehrer des Bundeslandes für den Unterricht im Bereich „Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung“ ausleihen können.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the possibility of a better sugar suitable for storage of goat semen at refrigerated temperature. Materials and method: For this experiment, semen was collected from eight Jakhrana bucks maintained at Jakhrana unit, ICAR-CIRG, at twice a week interval using artificial vagina. Collected semen was preliminary evaluated, and better semen samples were pooled and divided into two parts. One part of the pooled semen was diluted in egg yolk, Tris, citric acid, and fructose diluter, whereas second part was diluted in egg yolk, Tris, citric acid, and glucose diluter. Then semen samples were kept in equilibration chamber for 4 h at 5 °C after proper dilution. Both the semen samples were evaluated for viability, motility, plasma membrane integrity, sperm abnormality, lipid peroxidation, acrosomal integrity, and capacitation status at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after dilution. Results: Significantly (P < 0.05) higher motility was observed at 24 h in extender containing glucose as compared with extender containing fructose but motility was decreased at 48 h and 72 h. Number of capacitated sperm increased significantly (P < 0.05) and acrosomal integrity was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at 72 h in extender containing glucose. The other parameters like viability and plasma membrane integrity were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at 72 h and lipid peroxidation as well as sperm abnormality increased significantly (P < 0.05) in extender containing glucose. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that fructose is better diluent sugar for refrigerated storage of buck semen.

The paper depicts the Erasmus+ project “Individual DifferEntiated correct writing with Blogs - Individualizing and Implementing (IDeRBlog ii)”. IDeRBlog ii is a follow-up project evolving the result of IDeRBlog, a blogging platform for pupils aged eight and above. The project is an international cooperation between 3 countries in Europe. This paper presents an overview of possibilities in context of individualization of the exercises. Further, it covers the benefits of using the platform, e.g. learning about media competences, how to communicate online and the possibility to get individualized exercises for supported during their writing process by the feedback of the intelligent dictionary.

Purpose – Due to the important role of orthography in society, the project called IDeRBlog presented in this paper created a web-based tool to motivate pupils to write text as well as to read and to comment on texts written by fellow students. In addition, IDeRBlog aims to improve student’s German orthography skills and supports teachers and parents with training materials for their students. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – With the aid of learning analytics, the submitted text is analyzed and special feedback is given to the students so that they can try to correct the misspelled words themselves. The teachers as well as the parents are benefiting from the analysis and exercises suggested by the system. Findings – A recent study showed the efficiency of the system in form of an improvement of the students’ orthographic skills. Over a period of four months 70 percent of the students achieved a significant reduction of their spelling mistakes. Originality/value – IDeRBlog is an innovative approach to improving orthography skills combining blogging and new media with writing and practice.

Kognitives Lernen ist tief mit der Qualität sozialer Beziehungen verbunden. Nach Piaget (vgl. 1972) ist der Erwerb von Kenntnissen und Wissen kokonstruktiv. Für ihn benötigt das Denken eine gemeinschaftliche Atmosphäre, in der sich intellektuelle Aktivität und Zusammenarbeit entfalten können. Lernen beinhaltet Anleitung, Anregung, Fragen, Erklären, Diskutieren, Austausch von Sichtweisen und Standpunkten, u.a.m. Auf diese Weise kommen Kinder vom egozentrischen Denken zum eigenständigen und reflektierten Urteilen. In den kokonstruktiven Prozessen sind es besonders auftretende kognitive Konflikte, die besseres Verstehen und höhere Denkleistungen voranbringen (Webb 2013). Insgesamt handelt es sich um einen Prozess, der kritisches und tieferes Denken hervorruft (vgl. Kubli 1983, 147).

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the influence of indigenous traditional knowledge-based polyherbal preparation supplementation containing Withania somnifera, Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia, Tribulus terrestris, and Nigella sativa on periparturient immunity and udder health of high yielding Karan-Fries crossbred cows. Present findings revealed that polyherbal supplementation at the rate of 200–250 mg/kg body weight reduced periparturient stress and improved immunity and udder health.

To control quality of rainfed areas as well as improvement of farmers’ welfare is efforts already has been done by local government (Ponogoro) however it’sstill not success yet because it used to partial approach. Therefore, it is very important to research and develop model how to control quality of rainfed based on community empowerment with integrated (system) ap­proach.The location of research is in Ponorogo Districtwith 326 respondens, consist of 6experts, 20 linkage agencies staff and 300 farmers. Beside useAnalytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM), and System, this re­search also use univariat and bevariate analyze (Chi- Square and Structure Equation Model- SEM).Based on data and informa­tion that collected and analyzed, this research develop model that reflected the the real situation (fact), that can be simulated and validated. The model is established with system approach of population, local government services and ecology. The model vali­dated by absolute mean error (AME) and absolute variation error (AVE) that reflected variance between actual and value from model less than 10%, it show the model is a valid.This mean model able to simulate any changing of rainfed areas quality con­trol both in short or long term period.Other significant factors that related with rainfed areas quality control is farmers know­ledge (p-value= 0,030) and farmers behavior (p-value=0,040).The empowerment of farmers indicated by food and nutrition security (γ = 1), settlement and sanitation security (γ = 0.23), healthy security (γ = 0.01)and education security (γ = 0.24). The empowerment of farmers influenced by coping strategy (β=0.41), that reflected by how farmer survive in production, consump­tion and marketing of agriculture with respective of γ is0.59, 0.27, 037 and 0.42. In line with these statistic analysis AHP, ISM results and validation model, this research formulated empowerment policy focus on life skill development through farmer group. In the beginning process of life skill development focus on soft skill and then hard skill later on up to achieve sustainable self help group in managing their rainfed areas.Keywords: rainfed, quality, control, empowerment, model, system, coping strategy

In situ tensile tests have been carried out under synchrotron radiation on supported gold (Au) thin films exhibiting a pronounced crystallographic texture. The 2θ shift of X-ray diffraction lines has been recorded for different specimen orientations and several loading levels in the elastic domain. The data obtained demonstrate the large strain heterogeneities generated within the specimen because of the intergranular interactions associated with the large elastic anisotropy of Au grains. To interpret these results, the use of a multi-scale micromechanical approach is unavoidable. The theoretical background of such methods is described, and the points where exact results can be obtained and where approximations have to be introduced are highlighted. It is shown that the Vook–Witt model, for which a general formulation is provided, is the exact solution for polycrystals exhibiting a laminate microstructure, which is a significant departure from the standard thin-film microstructures. Among several standard models used in the field, the self-consistent model is the only one that reproduces the experimental data correctly. This is achieved by accounting for the actual crystallographic texture of the specimen, and assuming pancake-shaped two-point statistics for the morphological texture. A discussion of the limitations of this approach, originally developed for bulk materials, is given for the specific case of thin films.

We describe nanopillar spin valves with perpendicular anisotropy designed to reduce the critical current needed for spin transfer magnetization reversal while maintaining thermal stability. By adjusting the perpendicular anisotropy and volume of the free element consisting of a [Co/Ni] multilayer, we observe that the critical current scales with the height of the anisotropy energy barrier and we achieve critical currents as low as 120 μ A in quasistatic room-temperature measurements of a 45 nm diameter device. The field-current phase diagram of such a device is presented.

The diffusion of implanted beryllium in gallium arsenide at 100 keV for doses of 1 × 1013 and 1 × 1014 cm−2 during post-implant RTA were studied and simulated at temperatures of 700–900 °C for 1–4 min. The observed Be diffusion profiles, obtained by the SIMS technique, can be satisfactorily explained in terms of a “kick-out” model of the substitutional-interstitial diffusion mechanism, involving singly ionized Be and doubly ionized Ga interstitial species. The generation of the excess Ga interstitials, according to the “plus-one” approach, and its annihilation in the local Ga interstitial sink region were taken into account. The corresponding coupled partial differential equations of the relevant diffusion model were solved numerically with proper initial and boundary conditions using the computational algorithms based on finite-difference approximations.

The mechanism of chirality reversal for a planar interface domain wall in a hard/soft magnetic bilayer has been identified by combining magnetoresistance measurements, modeling, and direct magnetic domain observations. The reversal occurs through IDW nucleation and lateral domain wall propagation. Over an unpredicted wide range of applied magnetic fields, the chirality transition takes place by an unwinding followed by a rewinding of the IDW. The chirality transition mechanism of phase transition could be identified from a micromagnetic analysis of the lateral magnetic domain wall orientation. Up to three magnetization phases coexist in the uniaxial material during reversal.

A transient finite-element model has been developed to simulate an extracellular action potential recording in a tissue slice by a planar microelectrode array. The thin-film approximation of the active neuron membrane allows the simulation within single finite-element software of the intracellular and extracellular potential fields. In comparison with a compartmental neuron model, it is shown that the thin-film approximation-based model is able to properly represent the neuron bioelectrical behavior in terms of transmembrane current and potential. Moreover, the model is able to simulate extracellular action potential recordings with properties similar to those observed in biological experiments. It is demonstrated that an ideal measurement system model can be used to represent the recording microelectrode, provided that the electronic recording system adapts to the electrode-tissue interface impedance. By comparing it with a point source approximated neuron, it is also shown that the neuron three-dimensional volume should be taken into account to simulate the extracellular action potential recording. Finally, the influence of the electrode size on the signal amplitude is evaluated. This parameter, together with the microelectrode noise, should be taken into account in order to optimize future microelectrode designs in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio.

Nanocrystalline Fe80Ni20 alloy samples were prepared by the mechanical alloying process using a high-energy planetary ball mill. The formation and physical properties of the alloys were investigated as a function of the milling time, t, (in the range 0-48 h) by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, Mossbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. The complete formation of bcc FeNi was observed after 8 h milling. As the milling time increases from 0 to 48 h, the lattice parameter increases towards the Fe80Ni20 bulk value, whereas the grain size decreases from 69 to 11 nm. The powder particle morphology at different stages of formation was observed by SEM. The saturation magnetization and the coercive field derived from the hysteresis curves are discussed as a function of milling time.

The objective of the EUROMET Project No. 844 in the field of thermometry was the intercomparison of the freezing temperatures of the copper fixed-point cells (t 90 = 1084.62°C) of the participating laboratories by using Pt/Pd thermocouples. For most of the 13 participating laboratories, agreement of the freezing temperatures of the different copper fixed points within ±0.06K was found. Furthermore, the results of the intercomparison show that Pt/Pd thermocouples are suitable for use as transfer standards for the dissemination of temperatures and to approximate the ITS-90, at least up to the freezing point of copper.

The transient enhanced diffusion of low and high dose implanted beryllium in undoped gallium arsenide during post-implant rapid thermal annealing in the temperature range of 700–900 °C for 60–240 s has been studied and successfully simulated by the kick-out diffusion model, involving singly positively charged Be interstitials and doubly positively charged Ga self-interstitials. Using the “plus one” approach for Ga interstitial generation after implantation with the local Ga interstitial sink concept as well as the appropriate initial and boundary conditions for involved mobile species, and taking into account Fermi-level and built-in electric field effects, the obtained partial differential equations have been solved numerically by means of an explicit finite difference method. The thermal equilibrium concentrations and the diffusivities of Be and Ga interstitials, all as a function of temperature, have been deduced from the fits of the experimental profiles obtained by the secondary ion mass spectrometry technique. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The adsorption of germanium on Ag(111) has been investigated using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Low Energy Electron Diffraction. From the shape of the Auger peak-to-peak versus time curves, we deduce that at room temperature the growth mode is nearly layer-by-layer at least for the first two layers. In the sub-monolayer range, the growth starts by the formation of a (mean square root of 3 x mean square root of 3)R30 degrees surface superstructure which is complete at 1/3 monolayer coverage. Beyond this coverage a rectangular c(mean square root of 3 x 7) superstructure is observed. STM images reveal that this last reconstruction is formed by an ordered arrangement of self-assembled Ge tetramers giving rise to a surprising undulation of the surface.

The characterization of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, linear coefficient of thermal expansion and residual stress of thin films is a critical issue for the design and development of MEMS. As inconel thin films have a relatively large thermal expansion coefficient together with a high electrical resistivity, they are good candidates for thermal actuators in MEMS. This work focuses on the determination of the mechanical properties of inconel thin films ranging from 0.4 up to 1.2μm sputtered on a (100) silicon substrate. The atomic composition (6% Fe, 80% Ni, 14% Cr) of these films, close to that of inconel 600 alloys, has been determined by XRF analysis. A wafer curvature measurement technique is used to determine the residual stress and the linear thermal expansion coefficient. We measure residual stress between 152 and 342MPa. The value of the linear thermal expansion coefficient is discussed but is found to be around 10ppm/K−1. We perform bulge testing on micro machined square membranes to determine together the Young's modulus and residual stress of 0.4μm films. Values of 166GPa and 296MPa are obtained, respectively. These results obtained by bulge testing are eventually compared with measurements made by nanoindentation. Good correspondence is found between the different methods.

The temperature dependence of the interlayer exchange coupling has been investigated in epitaxial tunnel junctions Fe1/MgO/Fe2/Co/V with thin MgO layers using X-band ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the range 2–300 K. Variations of FMR parameters allow concluding that the coupling strength increases with temperature. This is in agreement with predictions of the theories considering pure tunneling mechanisms and contradicts the model of a resonant assisted tunneling related to defects in the insulator. The temperature dependence of the FMR linewidth shows the line narrowing under the sample heating. This may be due to the additional mechanism associated with the coupling.

We present the experimental results of (Co/CoxZn1−x)n (with x⩽6.5%) films grown from electrochemical dual bath based on (CoSO4·7H2O) and (ZnSO4·7H2O). X-ray diffraction patterns have shown the polycrystalline structure of CoZn layers with the structural lattice parameters close to those of the monoclinic CoZn13 compound. With the interfacial effects we have explained the magnetization behaviour for the (Co/CoxZn1−x)n multilayers. The atypical profile of the magnetic hysteresis curves indicates that our samples present two magnetic components with different anisotropy.