Lafayette College

Hw has the unprecedented salience of anti-Asian racism resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic influenced Asian Americans’ coalitional attitudes, both within-group and towards other racial minorities? Asian Americans, as the fastest-growing racial minority group in the United States, could play a key role in advancing racial justice. However, Asian Americans’ ambivalent racialization as valorized relative to Latino and Black Americans raises uncertainty as to how they will engage with other communities of color and racial politics. Using observational survey data from the 2016 and 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Post Election Study and an original survey experiment, we find that COVID-19 era anti-Asian racism can begin to facilitate Asian American alignment with other communities of color, but it depends on how the issue is framed and only specific subsets of Asian Americans who are less socialized in racial discourses are persuaded by these frames. This study assesses the challenges and possibilities of facilitating Asian American solidarity with other racial minorities.

The Eastern Equatorial Pacific serves as a critical region for understanding the interplay between phytoplankton dynamics and global carbon cycling over glacial‐interglacial timescales. This study investigates the calcareous nannofossils from sediment core MV1014‐02‐17JC (17JC) and previously published diatom assemblage data from core MD02‐2529, correlating their abundances with environmental proxy records for temperature, nutrient availability, and productivity from previously published data obtained from 17JC and nearby core ME‐0005A‐24JC. Coccolithophore abundance data were obtained on a 10 cm sampling interval to observe glacial‐interglacial variability in fossil assemblages. The analysis reveals that coccolithophore species, particularly Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Florisphaera profunda, display significant shifts in dominance corresponding to glacial and interglacial intervals. During interglacial stages, increased stratification and higher sea surface temperatures favor F. profunda, whereas glacial intervals with enhanced upwelling and nutrient availability support G. oceanica. Principal Coordinate Analysis and cluster analysis demonstrate that sea surface temperature (SST), or nutrients that covary with SST, is a primary driver of these assemblage changes, with minor secondary influences from nutrient fluxes. The comparison of primary controls on the calcareous nannofossil and diatom group abundances suggests that the two groups are responding to different primary drivers of change, potentially differing nutrient supply regimes. These findings underscore the complex interactions between phytoplankton communities and their environment, contributing to our understanding of past oceanographic conditions and their implications for future climate scenarios.

Vertebrate jaw development is coordinated by highly conserved ligand-receptor systems such as the peptide ligand Endothelin 1 (Edn1) and Endothelin receptor type A (Ednra), which are required for patterning of lower jaw structures. The Edn1/Ednra signaling pathway establishes the identity of lower jaw progenitor cells by regulating expression of numerous patterning genes, but the intracellular signaling mechanisms linking receptor activation to gene regulation remain poorly understood. As a first step towards elucidating this mechanism, we examined the function of the Gq/11 family of Gα subunits in zebrafish using pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of Gq/11 activity, and transgenic induction of a constitutively active Gq protein in edn1−/- embryos. Genetic loss of Gq/11 activity fully recapitulated the edn1−/-phenotype, with genes encoding G11 being most essential. Furthermore, inducing Gq activity in edn1−/- embryos not only restored Edn1/Ednra-dependent jaw structures and gene expression signatures but also caused homeosis of the upper jaw structure into a lower jaw-like structure. These results indicate that Gq/11 is necessary and sufficient to mediate the lower jaw patterning mechanism for Ednra in zebrafish.

What happens when, in a non-Western, non-Bible-based, British-colonized, Christian-missionized culture, the legend, biography, or hagiography of a prominent modern non-Jewish, non-Christian, “native” saint yields an anecdote about him that seems to parallel, structurally and thematically, a well-known biblical tale? And what if the tellers of that anecdote, disciples of the saint, while being aware of the Bible, and perhaps of the anecdote’s biblical analog, deny any etiological connection between the Bible and the saint’s story? This article considers one such coincidence: the parallel between an anecdote about young Ramakrishna among a gathering of pandits, and the Evangelium infantiae , as noted by Friedrich Max Müller. The reaction to Müller’s comment, as this article demonstrates, can reveal the potential hazard of comparison as an interpretive enterprise, especially in view of what some scholars today view as the imperialist thrust of the academic enterprise of “comparative religion” as Müller pioneered it.

Many circumstances trigger mixed feelings, and understanding how people navigate ambivalent affective states sheds light on how social motivations guide behavior. We adopted a discrete, functionalist account of emotion to explore the positive and negative emotions experienced when indulging in guilty pleasures (GPs) and how these outcomes implicate cognitive dissonance and self-presentation processes. Study 1 randomly assigned participants to reflect on a GP or their previous morning routine, whereas Studies 2 (student sample) and 3 (general population sample) assessed participants’ GPs, emotions experienced, and self-presentation concerns. Across these studies, GPs elicited positive emotions of amusement, contentment, and enthusiasm, and negative emotions of guilt, embarrassment, and shame, highlighting their ambivalent nature. Participants consistently reported being less likely to share their GPs with more interpersonally distant audiences (e.g., strangers, acquaintances, grandparents) than closer audiences (e.g., friends, immediate family). These findings suggest that cognitive dissonance and self-presentation processes are implicated in GP behaviors.

Motivated by knot theory, it is natural to define the orienta-tion-reversal of a quandle orbit by inverting all the translations given by elements of that orbit. In this short note we observe that this natural notion is unsuited to medial quandles.

Humans adjust their movement to changing environments effortlessly via multisensory integration of the effector’s state, motor commands, and sensory feedback. It is postulated that frontoparietal (FP) networks are involved in the control of prehension, with dorsomedial (DM) and dorsolateral (DL) regions processing the reach and the grasp, respectively. This study tested (five female and five male participants) the differential involvement of FP nodes [ventral premotor cortex (PMv), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), and anterior superior parieto-occipital cortex (aSPOC)] in online adjustments of reach-to-grasp coordination to mechanical perturbations (MP) that disrupted arm transport. We used event-related transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to test whether the nodes of these pathways causally contribute to the processing of proprioceptive information when reaching for a virtual visual target at two different perturbation latencies. TMS over aSPOC selectively altered the correction magnitude of arm transport during late perturbations, demonstrating that aSPOC processes proprioceptive inputs related to mechanical perturbations in a movement phase-dependent manner.

Over the past half-century, Holland’s RIASEC model has dominated vocational interest research. Although the RIASEC categories effectively capture general occupational themes, their breadth obscures meaningful variability across underlying basic interests , which are more refined interest scales. In this research, we adapted the Comprehensive Assessment of Basic Interests (CABIN; Su et ., 2019) to be used alongside O*NET for assessing interest fit, resulting in the 60-item CABIN-NET that measures 20 basic interest scales organized under RIASEC domains. In Study 1, we refined items for the CABIN-NET using a nationally representative adult sample ( N = 768). In Studies 2 and 3, we collected extensive reliability and validity evidence using longitudinal samples of graduates from four-year universities ( N = 816) and community colleges ( N = 560). Across samples, results consistently showed that basic interest fit had stronger predictive power for career outcomes compared to RIASEC fit. Overall, the CABIN-NET provides a short, reliable measure of both basic interests and RIASEC interests, offering two ways of assessing person-occupation fit and balancing bandwidth and fidelity. The CABIN-NET also offers a new content-based connection between basic interests and occupational knowledge, providing theoretical and practical implications for incorporating basic interests into person-environment fit research and applications.

p-hBN/n-AlGaN heterojunctions were fabricated using a dry-selective lift-off/transfer of Mg-doped hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layer on top of n-AlGaN. Electrical contacts were used as mechanical stressors to provide structural rigidity to hBN layers as well as enabling selective lift-off. These junctions exhibit a rectifying behavior with a rectification ratio of approximately 3 × 10⁵ at 3 V. When junctions were forward biased, ultraviolet (UV) emission around 262 nm was measured. This emission corresponds to recombinations in the n-AlGaN layer, demonstrating good hole injection in the structure. Full light emitting diode (LED) structures were fabricated by integrating UV multi quantum wells (MQWs) into these junctions. Produced UV LEDs emit around 290 nm serving as a proof of concept for future layer transferred p-hBN/MQWs/n-AlGaN structures in which the Al content is increased to go toward deep ultraviolet (DUV) emission. The selective pick and place process used to build these LEDs has multiple advantages. First, it allows independent optimization of the p-side as well as of the n-side, which includes the quantum wells. Second, UV MQWs are protected from the high temperatures needed for high hBN material quality growth, and thus their thermal stability is not affected.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein that is important for lipid storage, transport, and metabolism. APOE gene variants are associated with Alzheimer's disease, as well as attentional function in healthy humans. Previous research has shown that Apoe transcription is increased following stimulation of the pathway between the locus coeruleus (LC) and frontal cortex (FC) in mice. This result suggests that Apoe may affect attentional function by virtue of its expression in circuits that control attention. Does Apoe causally regulate attention, or is its expression simply a byproduct of neuronal activity in the LC and FC? To answer this question, we synthetically induced Apoe transcription in the FC of male and female mice, and subsequently tested their ability to learn a touchscreen-based rodent version of the continuous performance test of sustained attention (the rCPT). We found that increased Apoe transcription impaired performance when attentional demand was increased in male mice, while in female mice, increased Apoe transcription significantly accelerated rCPT learning. We further found that this increase in Apoe transcription affected one metric of the open field test, as well as cellular activity in the FC in a sex-dependent manner. The results of this study provide insight into how Apoe causally regulates translationally relevant behaviors in rodent models.

The structure of [Fe(CO)3(η⁴-6-exo-(4-biphenylamino)cyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one] [monoclinic, a = 20.368 (1), b = 6.2757(4), c = 29.5214(14), β = 101.024(5), space group C2/c] has been determined. There is a moderate hydrogen-bond between the amine proton and the oxygen atom of the ketone in another molecule. There is no significant π-stacking of the phenyl rings, but the nitrogen atom is fairly planar likely due to interaction with the π-system of the 4-biphenyl group and the hydrogen-bonding. Graphical Abstract Addition of two equivalents of 4-biphenylamine to [Fe(CO)3(η⁵-cyclohepta-2,4-dien-5-yl-1-one)][BF4] results in exo- attack at the coordinated ring forming the [Fe(CO)3(η⁴-6-exo-(NH(4-biphenyl)))cyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one], which was structurally characterized

Creative action is idiosyncratic. Not only do creators differ in their approaches to creative work, but creative endeavors differ in complexity, scale, and level of difficulty, meaning that the self-regulation strategies people use to manage themselves and their ideas from creative ideation to implementation may differ. More specifically, the work that people devote to creative self-regulation is determined by the demands inherent to certain forms of creative activity and people's capacities to control their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to meet those demands. Yet, current theoretical frameworks of creative self-regulation have not explicitly delineated the role of self-regulatory determinants and contingencies that make it easier or more challenging for people to actualize their ideas. To that end, we present the Actualization Contingencies and Tendencies for Operable New Ideas (ACT-ON Ideas) framework, which outlines the factors that influence the self-regulatory demands imposed by creative work, as well as people's propensities to enact certain self-regulation strategies during idea implementation. We argue that people's self-regulatory activities are influenced by (a) external contingencies such as idea qualities, task demands, and the environment, as well as (b) people's internal tendencies such as their dispositions, metacognitive abilities, self-beliefs, and behavioral inertia from previous efforts in the creative process.

Rural-to-urban migrant households in China grapple with providing adequate child care because of migrant workers’ precarious work conditions, limited access to public services, and the challenges of bringing their children to the cities where they work due to household registration ( hukou) rules. With increasing pressure to raise high-quality ( suzhi) children, nonmigrant grandmothers in rural homes struggle to cope with intensive childrearing expectations. With ethnographic research with rural Qiang migrant households, I identify the “care circuit” forged by the Qiang grandmothers to support urban migrant workers and their families when migrants confront dwindling incomes. Despite being labeled “backward” within the state’s population discourse, these grandmothers strategically prioritize income-generating agricultural work while adapting caregiving practices to balance immediate economic needs with the long-term goal of nurturing their grandchildren. Analyzing such grandmothering work uncovers complex gendered and intergenerational power dynamics surrounding intensive childrearing in migrant households and illuminates the negotiations that occur when the Qiang grandmothers assert their agency while coping with the demands of the state’s development policies and their families’ intensive childrearing expectations.

The traditional Cognitive Science of Religion ( CSR ) mind-based model suggests that humans understand the world through ontological categories and make socially strategic inferences to avoid threats and focus on utility. This study used an image choice task to test three key factors – category templates, threat, and utility – believed to influence people’s preferences within the CSR framework. The study had three main goals: (1) to refine previous CSR research by providing a more accurate, empirically scaled measure of these three factors using the image choice task; (2) to assess how each factor affected participants’ image preferences; and (3) to explore any interactions between these factors. In a pilot study, we first quantified the threat and utility levels for each image stimulus. Our main study found that, contrary to some previous findings, category templates significantly influenced image preferences, though not in the hierarchy proposed by traditional CSR models. Threat and utility also had independent, significant effects on preferences. However, category templates had the strongest influence on participant choices. The effects of threat and utility varied depending on whether the influence of category templates was accounted for. These findings support certain CSR theories but challenge the proposed hierarchical structure. We also confirmed some previous findings, clarified the relative impact of the three factors, and provided empirical measures of template typicality, utility, and threat for future research.

The lion has experienced a major decline in its habitat and population size in recent years. This is explained by the transformation of its habitat and the reduction of its potential prey. Our study therefore focused on modelling its habitat and its prey and the analysis of its diet to contribute to its conservation in the Niokolo‐Koba National Park (NKNP). Elevation, annual precipitation, NDVI, land cover type, distance from large water bodies, prey availability, poaching pressure and livestock pressure were used as variables in modelling the lion habitat with MaxEnt software. The model obtained with the modelling of the lion habitat performs well, with an AUC of 0.96, and indicates that the most favourable habitat for the lion is located in the centre of the park. This distribution is influenced by elevation, annual rainfall, prey availability, poaching pressure and livestock pressure.