Recent publications
Biomaterial composition and surface charge play a critical role in macrophage polarization, providing a molecular cue for immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. In this study, we developed bifunctional hydrogel inks for accelerating M2 macrophage polarization and exosome (Exo) cultivation for wound healing applications. For this, we first fabricated polyamine-modified three-dimensional (3D) printable hydrogels consisting of algi-nate/gelatin/polydopamine nanospheres (AG/NSPs) to boost M2-exosome (M2-Exo) secretion. The cultivated M2-Exo were finally encapsulated into a biocompatible collagen/decellularized extracellular matrix (COL@d-ECM) bioink for studying angiogenesis and in vivo wound healing study. Our findings show that 3D-printed AGP hydrogel promoted M2 macrophage polarization by Janus kinase/signal transducer of activation (JAK/STAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways and facilitated the M2-Exo secretion. Moreover, the COL@d-ECM/M2-Exo was found to be biocompatible with skin cells. Transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) and real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) study revealed that co-culture of fibroblast/keratinocyte/stem cells/endothelial cells in a 3D bioprinted COL@d-ECM/M2-Exo hydrogel upregulated the skin-associated signature biomarkers through various regulatory pathways during epidermis remodeling and downregulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway after 7 days. In a subcutaneous wound model, the 3D bioprinted COL@d-ECM/M2-Exo hydrogel displayed robust wound remodeling and hair follicle (HF) induction while reducing canonical pro-inflammatory activation after 14 days, presenting a viable therapeutic strategy for skin-related disorders.
Recent advancements in wearable technology, particularly wrist-type electrocardiography (ECG) devices, offer a promising alternative for atrial fibrillation (AF). These devices allow for continuous monitoring but typically require the user to touch an electrode to capture accurate readings. This study introduces a novel photoplethysmography (PPG)/ECG cooperative wearable device that leverages PPG for continuous heart rate (HR) monitoring and ECG for precise AF detection. Beyond sensor development, this study emphasizes the processing of sensor data, with the system utilizing a robust motion artifact (MA) cancellation algorithm and an AF-finite state machine (AF-FSM) framework to enhance the accuracy of PPG signal analysis. The system employs PPG for preliminary AF screening, and upon detecting irregularities, it prompts ECG measurements with data transmitted to medical professionals for confirmation. In this study, to enhance the accuracy of AF confirmation while reducing false alarms and increasing true positives, we mainly propose a robust MA cancellation algorithm combined with an AF-FSM framework. Evaluation using the BAMI-II and ISPC datasets shows our method achieves a mean absolute error of 1.31 bpm and 1.16 bpm, respectively, for HR estimation and an AF detection sensitivity of 0.9927, specificity of 0.9768, and accuracy of 0.9847 on a clinical dataset. On the MIMIC PERform AF dataset, our method achieved an AF detection sensitivity of 0.9536, specificity of 0.9500, and accuracy of 0.9517. A pilot study further validates the system’s practical application in a clinical setting, demonstrating its potential for long-term, user-friendly cardiac monitoring.
- Faiza Shoukat
- Seongbeom Lee
- Jin Hee Lee
- [...]
- Jung Hwa Seo
This work investigates the role of metal ion‐doped (Cs⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺) PEDOT:PSS films as hole transport layers (HTLs) in quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). These HTLs lead to enhanced device performance through reduced defect density, improved hole mobility, and prolonged photoluminescence lifetime. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) reveals structural modifications in CsPbBr3 films, with enhanced crystallinity resulting from the elimination of excess long‐chain cations. Morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate the influence of metal doping on surface coverage and nanoscale roughness. Time‐resolved photoluminescence (TR‐PL) analysis confirms reduced nonradiative recombination, supporting improved film quality. Devices with Ni:PEDOT:PSS exhibit the highest external quantum efficiency, while Cs:PEDOT:PSS and Cu:PEDOT:PSS offer enhanced stability, achieving significantly longer operational lifetimes. These findings highlight the potential of metal‐doped PEDOT:PSS in optimizing the structural, optical, and electrical properties of perovskite materials, paving the way for more stable and efficient PeLEDs.
- Hyun Lim
- Ju Yup Lee
- Yong Hwan Kwon
- [...]
- Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Shinyoung Park
- Joo-Yeon Lee
- Jin-Young Park
- [...]
- Daniel S Thoma
Aim
To compare the dimensional stability of a self‐retaining synthetic block bone (srBB) and synthetic bone particles (SBP) for alveolar ridge augmentation (ARA) in damaged extraction sockets.
Materials and Methods
ARA was randomly performed in two centres on 57 participants presenting damaged extraction socket in a non‐molar tooth: (i) srBB and collagen membrane (srBB group, n = 29) or (ii) SBP and collagen membrane (SBP group, n = 28). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed immediately after ARP (baseline, T0) and at 6 months (T1). T0 and T1 CBCTs were superimposed, and horizontal widths (H0–H5), vertical heights and volume changes were assessed using t ‐test.
Results
Due to wound dehiscence, srBB was removed in 10 patients. The change in horizontal width at the most coronal level (H0) was significantly lower for srBB compared to SBP (srBB: 0.8 ± 1.0 mm; SBP: 1.9 ± 2.2 mm, p < 0.05). Significantly less volume decrease was seen at the bucco‐coronal level for srBB (srBB: 3.2 ± 0.6 mm ³ ; SBP: 10.4 ± 2.3 mm ³ , p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared to synthetic bone particles, synthetic bone blocks have the potential to more effectively augment and maintain the coronal horizontal dimension and width of damaged extraction sockets for up to 6 months. However, this advantage is offset by their relatively high rates of early wound dehiscence.
Trial Registration: Korean Clinical Research information service ( CRIS ) ( KCT0005462 )
- Gayeon Park
- Minseok Kim
- Kanghee Won
- Seok Ho Song
Advanced optical technologies, such as next-generation displays and holographic systems, demand high efficiency, lightweight designs, compact dimensions, and compatibility with curved and thin substrates. However, current optical devices for virtual and augmented reality displays, such as surface relief and holographic gratings, face challenges like light scattering, low optical efficiency, and limited scalability. Here, we present a geometric phase optical element (GPOE) fabricated using geometric-phase modulation. A pixelated nano grating system was employed, and reactive mesogens were aligned and transferred via a top-down imprinting process. The resulting GPOE exhibits a thin profile, compatibility with curved surfaces, and scalability for mass production. Integrating additional optical components, we realized a multi-focal GPOE and validated its optical performance. This innovation highlights the potential of GPOEs as compact, next-generation optical components for advanced curved-surface systems.
In this paper, we are concerned with n -component Ginzburg-Landau equations on R 2 . By introducing a diffusion constant for each component, we discuss that the n -component equations are different from n -copies of the single Ginzburg-Landau equations. Then, the results of Brezis-Merle-Riviere for the single Ginzburg-Landau equation can be nontrivially extended to the multi-component case. First, we show that if the solutions have their gradients in L ² space, they are trivial solutions. Second, we prove that if the potential is square summable, then it has quantized integrals, i.e., there exists one-to-one correspondence between the possible values of the potential energy and N n . Third, we show that different diffusion coefficients in the system are important to obtain nontrivial solutions of n -component equations.
This study addresses the pressing need to improve mental health services for the increasing population of international students by enhancing our understanding of multicultural counseling competence. Utilizing the concept mapping methodology, this research identifies effective counselor behaviors necessary for providing optimal counseling services to international students at university counseling centers in Korea. Through interviews with 20 counselors, 78 competence behavioral indicators were identified and organized into six competence clusters across two dimensions: the source of counselor capacity and the direction of counselor efforts. The six identified categories are: (1) Sustaining awareness, attitude, and abilities for international student counseling, (2) Acquiring knowledge to understand international students, (3) Utilizing culturally responsive counseling strategies, (4) Employing procedural strategies to create an open and supportive environment, (5) Engaging in extended roles, and (6) Practicing self-care and professional development. Each competence indicator was evaluated based on its importance and degree of implementation. The findings offer valuable insights that can enhance counseling outcomes for international students by equipping counselors with the necessary competencies to effectively serve this unique population.
- Rahul Kumar
- Shrikant Bhat
- Hyun-Joo Koo
- [...]
- A. Sundaresan
- Hyewon Choi
- Michele J. Gelfand
- Ying-yi Hong
- [...]
- Veronica Benet-Martinez
Research on culture and personality has greatly enhanced personality science by bringing attention to the bidirectional processes by which socio-cultural factors shape personality and individuals in turn shape their social environments to fit and express their personalities. This review showcases the unique perspectives and topical contributions of five different sets of experts, who examine these issues from different standpoints and answer different questions. Specifically, these contributions focus on (1) the usefulness of anthropology-based distributive models of culture, (2) how culture and personality make-up each other, (3) the cultural and ecological basis of wellbeing, (4) how individual personality expressions relate to culture, and (5) the multicultural mind and self. These advances put personality psychology at the center of important current social science debates about the dynamic interplay between macro-level factors and individual variables, and how individuals can best manage cultural diversity and globalization.
Global evidence on the association between vaccines and renal adverse events (AEs) is inconclusive. This pharmacovigilance study analyzed a total of 120,715,116 reports from VigiBase collected between 1967 and 2022. We evaluated the global reporting of acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis (GN), and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and assessed disproportionate signals between vaccines and renal AEs using reporting odds ratios (ROR) and the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the information component (IC025) in comparison with the entire database. The number and proportion of reports on AKI, GN, and TIN gradually increased, with a substantial increase after 2020. Disproportionate reporting of AKI was significant for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (ROR, 2.38; IC025, 1.09). Fourteen vaccines were significantly disproportionate for higher GN reporting, and the highest disproportionality for GN reporting was observed for COVID-19 mRNA (ROR, 13.41; IC025, 2.90) and hepatitis B vaccines (ROR, 11.35; IC025, 3.18). Disproportionate TIN reporting was significant for COVID-19 mRNA (ROR, 2.43; IC025, 0.99) and human papillomavirus (ROR, 1.75; IC025, 0.19) vaccines. Significant disproportionality in the reporting of AKI, GN, and TIN was observed in patients exposed to multiple vaccines, including COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, alongside increasing global reports of vaccine-associated renal AEs.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes both acute and chronic infections due to its virulence factors, biofilm formation and the ability to suppress the host immune system. Quorum sensing (QS) plays a key role in regulating these pathogenic traits and also downregulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) in host cells. In this study, we isolated two novel natural products from the jellyfish‐derived fungus Penicillium chermesinum, chermesiterpenoid B (Che B) seco acid methyl ester (Che B ester) and Che B. Both compounds act as partial agonists of PPAR‐γ and exhibit anti‐QS activity. Che B ester and Che B were found to inhibit biofilm formation, reduce the production of proteases and decrease the infectivity of P. aeruginosa, all without affecting bacterial growth. In host cells, Che B ester and Che B reduced P. aeruginosa‐induced inflammation by activating PPAR‐γ. This multifaceted function makes these compounds promising candidates for developing new antipathogenic agents against bacterial infections with few side effects.
Plain Language Summary
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 5 Hz, are commonly found in Earth's magnetosphere. These waves can be detected in the outer dayside magnetosphere, where the interaction between Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind causes the magnetic field lines to compress. EMIC waves can be generated at points where the magnetic field strength becomes minimum in each magnetic field line, meaning the magnetic latitude of the source location can vary for each L‐shell. We conducted a full‐wave simulation of EMIC waves in the outer dayside magnetosphere using the Petra‐M code, incorporating a non‐dipole compressed magnetic field. Our results indicated that the direction of wave energy flow from the source varies; thus, based on a satellite's location, it can detect wave energy flowing either parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field, which is consistent with satellite observations. We also show that EMIC waves generated in the northern hemisphere can reach both the north and the south Polar Regions. However, the wave power reaching the northern hemisphere is significantly stronger than that which reaches the southern hemisphere.
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