Kurukshetra University

A series of lanthanide complexes have been synthesized with fluorinated 1,3-diketones and heteroaromatic ancillary moieties. Spectroscopic studies reveal the attachment of the respective lanthanide ion to the oxygen site of β-diketone and nitrogen site of auxiliary moieties. The conducting behavior of the complexes is proposed by their optical energy gaps which lie in the range of semiconductors. The emission profiles of the lanthanide complexes demonstrate red and green luminescence owing to the distinctive transitions of Sm3+ and Tb3+ ions, respectively. Energy transfer via antenna effect clearly reveals the effective transfer of energy from the chromophoric moiety to the Ln3+ ion. The prepared conducting and luminescent Ln(iii) complexes might be employed as the emitting component in designing OLEDs.

As a supporting factor, transportation is an important element of destination image that provides a base for the successful tourism industry. It is like the blood vessels of an area and is considered a determinant in developing a tourist destination. The article aims to characterize the status or problem of transportation accessibility in Kinnaur. GARMIN hand GPS (Global Positioning System) has been used to identify the damaged roads from their start to endpoints. In addition, a simple random sample technique has been used to register the opinion of 280 tourists about the transport facilities. Study results suggest that the bad condition of National Highway–22 is one of the barriers to tourism development in Kinnaur. There were no significant differences found between the selected destinations. Overall, the district headquarters, Kalpa, has been perceived significantly higher agreements by tourists. The government should ensure that the Border Road Organization, the organization entrusted with the responsibility of construction and maintenance of roads in international border areas, has sufficient resources to invest in transport development and its maintenance.

In modern times, next-cart recommendation (NCR) has appeared as an excitable subject of research among researchers and is dominant in e-commerce. In NCR, a customer buys a set of products (termed a cart) in a particular interval of time. The broadly investigated categories like sequential or session-centered recommendation are majorly used to suggest the next product based on a sequence of products and are less complex when compared to NCR. The recommendation and sequential modeling are carried out by NCR by taking into consideration a sequence of carts. It has been observed that to carry out sequential modeling, the recurrent neural network (RNN) has been evidenced to be extremely efficient and thus utilized for NCR. After carrying out an extensive analysis of the actual world datasets, it is observed that personalized product frequency (PPF) information supplies two significant signals for NCR. But it is claimed that in the recommendation scene, RNNs which exist are not capable of capturing information about the frequency of an item in NCR. PPF can be described as the number of times that every product is bought by an individual. However, the concept of PPF has been overlooked in related studies. As a consequence, prevailing approaches are not able to fully explore the significant signals which exist in PPF. Although prevailing approaches like RNN-centered techniques exhibit robust representation ability, the experimental studies demonstrate that these methods are not able to recognize PPF. By keeping in mind this constraint of RNNs, a straightforward product frequency-centered k-nearest neighbors approach is proposed to straightforwardly incorporate these significant signals. The four actual world datasets are used for the assessment of the proposed technique. Apart from the simplicity of the technique, the proposed method performs better than existing NCR techniques and other deep learning techniques which employ RNNs.

Higher order squeezing has been investigated in interaction of a multimode strong radiation field with an assembly of two 2-level atoms in various atomic states such as ground, super radiant and excited states. The variations of squeezing parameter for different atomic states closer to minima with coupling time for different photon numbers have also been discussed and shown graphically. Using Mandel's Q parameter, it has been found that all the atomic states show sub-Poissonian behavior.

The present work is focused on investigating the axisymmetric deformation in a thick circular plate with a heat source in modified couple stress thermoelastic (MCT) under void, diffusion, and phase lags impacts. The new set of governing equations is formulated and solved by using Laplace and Hankel transform techniques after converting the system of equations into dimensionless form and using the potential functions. The plate is subjected to a ramp-type heat source along with a thermal source, mass concentration source, and source over volume fraction field of voids (SVFV). For application, particular types of sources are taken to demonstrate the utility of the problem. The physical quantities like displacements, temperature field, mass concentration, chemical potential, and volume fraction field are determined analytically in the closed form. A numerical mathematical technique is employed to determine the resulting quantities for the original region and displayed in form of graphs to examine the different physical effects. The problem is validated by comparing results with those obtained by different authors. The results provide a motivation to investigate thermal conducting modified couple stress elastic solid under the physical impact of mass diffusion, porosity and phase lags as a new class of material. The present work is very much expected to be useful for various deformation and vibration problems in geophysics, material science, engineering, and biothermoelastic materials.

The current status of DNA cryptography (biological) is much far away from real scenario and can be carried out by only using chemical reactions in biological based laboratory. The present research work is an attempt to imitate biological DNA cryptography by an analogous computational mechanism for providing secure communication between sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. This paper has its focus on the realization of a security framework which comprises of the application of a DNA congruous approach for encryption of data being transmitted by sensor nodes within a WSN. The framework consists of different phases including the encryption and decryption process involved between two nodes in a sensor network. The cryptography procedure is homogeneous to the structure and operations of DNA. Data hybridization includes the fusion of false data with real cipher that enhances the security and data compression has also been included in the framework with the contemplation of overcoming the limitations associated with WSNs.

India is the second-largest producer of paddy in the world, with an estimated annual production of 165 metric tons (MT) and about 10.8 MT of rice bran. Partially utilized agro-industrial residues, de-oiled rice bran (DORB) is an unexplored substrate for the production of industrial enzymes. The present study focused on producing and optimizing fungal cellulases and xylanase enzymes by Aspergillus niger VSRK09 under SSF conditions. The effect of physiological parameters was confirmed by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), followed by the RSM-based FCCCD method using statistical design. The enzyme-producing abilities of A. niger VSRK09 were improved using a hybrid statistical tool viz. artificial neural network incorporated with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA-ANN). This study revealed that the MOGA-based model resulted in an optimized enzyme activity, i.e., 24.8 FPU gds⁻¹ and 520 IU gds⁻¹ of cellulase and xylanase, respectively, at incubation time of 3.5 days, a substrate to moisture (SM) ratio of 1:1, and inoculum size of 3.0 × 10⁶ spores mL⁻¹. The validation performance of ANN indicates that the designed model is trained and tested with a minimum mean square error and inserted in MOGA, which produced the best-optimized results. Saccharification of DORB released 320.5 ± 8.75 (mg gds⁻¹) of reducing sugar which was subsequently converted to bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded 13.48 ± 1.21 g L⁻¹ ethanol.

Cool green light emanating monoclinic Y4-x Al2O9:xTb3+ (x = 1-5 mol%) nanophosphors have been fabricated through gel-combustion method. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron-microscopy data have been utilized to assess their structural and microstructural characteristics, including cell parameters and crystallite size. Uneven aggregation of nanoparticles in the nano-scale with distinctive porosity can be seen in the TEM micrograph. Kubelka-Munk model imitative diffuse reflectance spectra and an optical band gap of 5.67 eV for the Y3.97Al2O9:0.03Tb3+ nanophosphor revealed high optical quality in the samples, which were thought to be non-conducting. The emission (PL) and excitation (PLE) spectra as well as lifetime measurements have been used to determine the luminescence characteristics of the synthesized nanophosphors. The emission spectra show two color i.e. blue color due to 5D3 → 7F J (J = 4 and 5) transitions and green color due to 5D4 → 7F J (J = 3, 4, 5 and 6) transitions. The most dominant transition (5D4 → 7F5) at 548 nm was responsible for the greenish color in focused nanocrystalline samples. Calculated colorimetric characteristics such as CIE, and CCT along with color purity of the synthesized nanocrystalline materials make them the best candidate for the solid-state lighting (SSL).

The present study explored chitosan, a biodegradable nontoxic biopolymer, at different dosages for surface treatment of recycled paper to improve various properties relevant to packaging. Chitosan, at all applied concentrations, improved important paper properties like surface, strength and barrier due to which the low strength paper can also be used as a packaging paper. The effects of surface treatment of chitosan solutions of different concentrations on paper were analyzed by measuring breaking length, burst index, tear index, double fold, stiffness, air permeance, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), wax pick, tensile energy absorption (TEA), and stretch. After surface treatment by 1% solution of chitosan, the breaking length, double fold, TEA, and stretch in machine direction were increased by 53.8%, 243%, 93%, and 75%, respectively, whereas burst index was increased by 38.4% in comparison with the base paper. The WVTR was reduced from 706 to 496 g/m2/24 h, and air passage time was increased from 18 to 65 Gurley s after surface treatment by 1% chitosan solution on the base paper. The chitosan solution at all the concentrations showed antibacterial activity in plate assay therefore reducing the susceptibility of paper to microbial attack.

Waste accumulation is a grave concern and becoming a transboundary challenge for environment. During Covid‐19 pandemic, diverse type of waste were collected due to different practices employed in order to fight back the transmission rate of the virus. Covid‐19 was proved to be capricious catastrophe of this 20th century and even not completely eradicated from the world. The havoc created by this imperceptible quick witted, pleomorphic deadly virus can't be ignored. Though a number of vaccines have been developed by the scientists but there is a fear of getting this virus again in our life. Medical studies prove that immunity drinks will help to reduce its reoccurrences. Coconut water is widely used among all drinks available globally. Its massive consumption created an incalculable pile of green coconut shells around the different corners of the world. This practice generating enormous problem of space acquisition for the environment. Both the environment and public health will benefit from an evaluation of quantity of coconut waste that is being thrown and its potential to generate value added products. With this context, present article has been planned to study different aspects like, coconut waste generation, its biological properties and environmental hazards associated with its accumulation. Additionally, this review illustrates, green technologies for production of different value added products from coconut waste.

Aims Greener Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel dispiroheterocycles Background The increasing utilization of spiro compounds in drug discovery, led us to design and synthesize regioselectively some novel dispiroheterocycles, by a standard 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 6-hydroxyaurone and in situ generated azomethine ylides, using ultra-sonication as green energy source. These results are first of its kind in the literature reported so far for the similar conditions. After confirmation of the proposed structures spectroscopically, using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR spectral data, all the compounds are screened for their potential biological activities. Objective To develop greener protocol for the synthesis of dispiroheterocycles and their biological evaluation Method Three component protocol, that contains (Z)-2-benzylidene-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one, sarcosine and unsubstituted isatin. In which azomethine ylides react with olefinic dipolarophiles through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition which is highly regio- and stero-selective way in situ. Structures of the proposed products have been confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR spectral data. Result In order to screen the potential biological activities of the synthesized compounds their effect was observed on trypsin, amylase and lipase activities. Differential effect has been observed. Trypsin was substantially activated whereas an inhibitory effect was observed for amylase and lipase supported by in-silico studies. Conclusion Synthesis of six novel 6-hydroxy-1'-methyl-4'-phenyl-3H-dispiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine-2',3''-indoline]-2'',3-dione derivatives have been made using a multicomponent greener protocol. These synthesized compounds have exhibited differential effect toward trypsin, amylase and lipase well supported by in-silico studies. Thus the present study highlight their potential use as anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity agents. Other Characterization and enzymatic study of the synthesized novel dispiroheterocycles

Phosphorus (P) doping is an efficient approach for modifying the physicochemical characteristics of transition metal sulfides by causing lattice distortion, enhancing electronic conductivity, and providing more active sites for charge storage. Here, a facile hydrothermal method for effective phosphorus doping in copper sulphides are reported. XRD, FESEM, EDX spectrum, BET, UV, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesised CuS and P-CuS. Electrochemical analysis was done with a 2 M KOH electrolyte in techniques like CV, GCD and EIS. P-CuS exhibits hexagonal topology and 656 F/g specific capacitance at 1 A/g. An asymmetric supercapacitor device was fabricated by utilizing hexagonal shaped P doped copper sulfide as a positive electrode and activated carbon as a negative electrode and at 2 A/g, it attains 28.537 Wh/kg of energy density at 642.08 W/kg of power density and good sustainability with 80 % capacitance retained over 800 cycles. This research gives us a wider look on how we can build these types of electrode materials for forthcoming energy storage devices.

In the present work, optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes of a GaAs spherical quantum dot are investigated within the framework of the Coulomb plus linear harmonic potential. To this effect, analytical expressions for energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigen functions are obtained by solving the radial Schrödinger equation by applying the parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method. Thereafter, using the density matrix formalism, expressions for linear and third-order nonlinear absorption coefficients along with refractive index changes are computed and plotted. Effect of the radius of quantum dot, the potential height and the incident light intensity on these quantities are further investigated and found in good agreement with literature results. The effect of external magnetic field on the energy spectra of the quantum dot is also presented.

This study has been conducted to assess the pulpability of ultrafiltered pectinase and xylanase in pulping of wheat straw. Best biopulping conditions were achieved using 107 and 250 IU of pectinase and xylanase, respectively, per gram of wheat straw, 180 min of treatment period, one gram: 10 m1 material to liquor ratio, 8.5 pH and 55 °C temperature. Ultrafiltered enzymatic treatment improved the pulp yield (6.18%), brightness (17.83%), along with reduced rejections (61.01%) and kappa number (16.95%) as compared to chemically synthesized pulp. Biopulping of wheat straw saved 14% alkali dose, with nearly same optical properties, as obtained under 100% alkali dose. Bio-chemically pulped samples resulted an increase in breaking length, tear index, burst index, viscosity, double fold and Gurley porosity by 6.05%, 18.64%, 26.42%, 7.94%, 21.6% and 15.38%, respectively, in comparison to control pulp samples. Bleached-biopulped samples showed an improvement in breaking length, tear index, burst index, viscosity, double fold number, and Gurley porosity by 7.39%, 3.55%, 28.82%, 9.1%, 53.66%, and 30.95% respectively. Thus, biopulping of wheat straw with ultrafiltered enzymes lowers alkali consumption and also improves the paper quality. This is the first study reporting, eco-friendly biopulping, for producing better quality wheat straw pulp, using ultrafiltered enzymes.

The oxidative aminative vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes or related chemical feedstocks has emerged as sustainable and multipurpose strategies that can efficiently construct two C‐N bonds, and simultaneously prepare the synthetically fascinating molecules and catalysis in organic synthesis that typically required multi‐step reactions. This review summarized the impressive breakthroughs on synthetic methodologies (2015‐2022) documented especially over inter/intra‐molecular vicinal diamination of alkenes with electron‐rich or deficient diverse nitrogen sources. These unprecedented strategies predominantly involved iodine‐based reagents/catalysts, which resent the interest of organic chemists due to their impressive role as flexible, non‐toxic, and environmentally friendly reagents, resulting in a wide variety of synthetically useful organic molecules. Moreover, the information collected also describes the significant role of catalyst, terminal oxidant, substrate scope, synthetic applications, and their unsuccessful results to highlight the limitations. Special emphasis has been given to proposed mechanistic pathways to determine the key factors governing the issues of regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity ratios.

Materials’ mechanical and structural properties are often determined by Rayleigh waves. The current study focuses on Rayleigh wave propagation at a stress-free thermally insulated as well as the isothermal surface of a homogeneous transversely isotropic magneto-thermoelastic medium with mass diffusion and heat transfer using memory-dependent derivatives. The characteristics of the Rayleigh wave such as specific loss, phase velocity, penetration depths, and attenuation coefficients are computed numerically and illustrated graphically. It also comprises graphs showing normal stress and tangential stress components as well as changes in temperature and mass concentration. The effects of kernel functions of memory-dependent derivatives are depicted on the various wave characteristics.

The biomemristor has gained considerable attention because of its exceptional scalability, remarkable flexibility, simplicity of processing, and low manufacturing cost. Natural biomaterial-based memristors have been demonstrated for prospective application due to their sustainability, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, degradability, and biocompatibility. Hence, the leaf extract of the traditional medicinal tree neem (Azadirachta indica) was employed in this study to efficiently synthesize a biomaterials-inspired thin film for biomemristor applications. Various morphological, compositional, structural, surface functional, optical, and thermogravimetric analyses were performed on neem thin film. Satisfactory bipolar, reversible and repeatable resistive switching characteristics were obtained. Furthermore, phototunable resistive switching behaviours were examined by embedding carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with neem to develop a CQDs@neem composite biomemristor, which resulted in a 16% reduction in SET voltage and a 2.6% rise in RESET voltage. Satisfactory memristive behaviour was achieved, including appropriate endurance, retention, and a stable resistance ratio between high and low resistance states. The underlying current conduction mechanisms were explored. Finally, a method involving the formation/annihilation of an Ag metal filament and an ionized molecular vacancy filament is proposed to explain the resistive switching behaviour of CQDs@neem composite memristors.

In our quest to design and development of N/O-containing inhibitors of α-amylase, we have tried to synergize the inhibitory action of 1,4-naphthoquinone, imidazole and 1,2,3-triazole motifs by incorporating these structures into a single matrix. For this, a series of novel naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione appended 1,2,3-triazoles are synthesized by a sequential approach involving [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 2-aryl-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-diones with substituted azides. The chemical structures of all the compounds are established with the help of 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, IR, mass and X-ray studies. The developed molecular hybrids are screened for their inhibitory action on the α-amylase enzyme using the reference drug, acarbose. Different substituents present on the attached aryl part of the target compounds show amazing variations in inhibitory action against the α-amylase enzyme. Based on the type of substituents and their respective positions, it is observed that compounds containing –OCH3 and –NO2 groups show more inhibition potential than others. All the tested derivatives display α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 17.83 ± 0.14 to 26.00 ± 0.17 μg/mL. Compound 2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione (10y) shows maximum inhibition of amylase activity with IC50 value 17.83 ± 0.14 μg/mL as compared to reference drug acarbose (18.81 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The newly synthesized compounds are also tested for DPPH free radical scavenging ability. A molecular docking study of the most active derivative (10y) is performed with A. oryzae α-amylase (PDB ID: 7TAA) and it unveils favourable binding interactions within the active site of the receptor molecule. The dynamic studies reveal that the receptor-ligand complex is stable as the RMSD of less than 2 is observed in 100 ns molecular dynamic simulations. Also, the designed derivatives are assayed for their DPPH free radical scavenging ability and all of them exhibit comparable radical scavenging activity with the standard, BHT. Further, to assess their drug-likeness properties, ADME properties are also evaluated and all of them demonstrate worthy in silico ADME results.

Waste management is a key factor for a better environment and its initial step begins in the management of household waste. Proper disposal of waste prevent pollution that could endanger human health and environment. The house in which one and one's family live needs to be clean and tidy as well as hygienic for the good health of their family.

The conception of employee well-being has attracted increasing interest in recent years. The study discussed dimensions of employee well-being such as physical, social, and psychological dimensions. The purpose of this study is to understand the critical nature of employee well-being, an often-overlooked aspect of human resource management. The paper attempted to identify the relationship between physical, social, psychological, and employee well-being. Further, it also aims to identify the impact of gender on employee well-being. The findings of the study indicated that there is a significant difference on the basis of gender on perceived employee well-being. The physical, psychological, and social well-being are affecting the well-being of employees. The study suggested placing more emphasis on the aspect of social well-being.