Kuban State Agrarian University

In this article, we investigate the thermal equilibration of the holographic QCD model dual to the Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton (EMD) gravity in the presence of an external electric field. The model captures the QCD features at finite temperature and finite chemical potential in both confinement and deconfinement phases and could be considered a good candidate to study the dynamics of the strongly interacting system in out-of-equilibrium conditions. For this purpose, we examine the instability imposed by an external electric field using the AdS/CFT dictionary and study the electric current flow and its relaxation for this holographic model. We study the effects of temperature, electric field strength, and chemical potential on the current flow of the stationary state by applying a constant electric field. Additionally, for a time-dependent electric field, we investigate the relaxation time scales of the system using equilibration time. Finally, we compare our results with those from other holographic models and experiments.

The Lactobacillus amylovorus KSAU strain was isolated from the chyme of the intestinal cecum of an industrial pig. Genes encoding the synthesis of bacteriocins were annotated and suggest their potential to improve the preparation and production of probiotics for pigs.

The paper proposes the mathematical model for the synthesis process of silver nanoparticle using the cavitation-diffusion photochemical reduction method. The influence of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation power on the initial concentration of the silver ammine complex on the nanoparticles size and synthesis rate is studied, and computational results are compared with the experimental data. It is found that the reduced UV radiation power increases the synthesis rate, while changes in the initial concentration of the silver ammine complex affect the size of silver particles.

The paper presents a universal working tool that allows both moldboard-less soil cultivation and plowing with layer turnover. A design of a plow-ripper-slitter has been developed, the novelty of which is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the influence of the location of the moldboard-rippers on the directional stability of the machine-tractor unit. The authors have identified the possibility of stabilizing rectilinear movement due to the console arrangement of the slitters on the edge of the frame of the working tool. The study determines the limitations of stable operation of a machine-tractor unit with a plow- ripper-slitter. The dependence of the traction resistance of the slitter on the depth of processing is obtained. As a result, recommendations were given on the depth of soil cultivation for slitter of different widths.

The elimination of the global environmental crisis in a country or a specific region is humanity’s most important issue. The solution to this issue is impossible without a fundamental change in the economic model of management, leading to the development of the green economy. To prevent an environmental catastrophe, it is necessary to increase the volume of waste utilization generated during industrial and economic activities, a task that cannot be achieved without attracting additional investments in environmental protection. A civilized program-targeted approach to objectively existing problems contributes to the complexity of forecasting and managing ongoing processes using various econometric methods, ensuring the interconnection of production processes across all indicators in the sectors of industry, agriculture, and transport. Extrapolation forecasts, based on the analysis of the initial state of the region and urgent issues, make it possible to identify accumulated problems conditioned by the expected state of the surrounding natural environment, orient the planning and management system, and define a set of activities aimed at achieving environmental goals. The specificity of the green economy lies in territorial orientation in management, making it possible to identify fundamental environmental actions, schemes of measures to protect a specific natural resource or component of the environment, and regional schemes for greening the territory, determining primary objects.

The system of public governance in the face of new challenges of the external environment should become more adaptive to the occurring changes. This research aims to investigate the features of the use of digital technologies within the system of state and regional management in the interaction of authorities and consumers of digital services and develop proposals to reduce barriers to the long-term development of the GovTech sector. The authors identified the vector of digital transformation of the state and regional governance system, revealed the advantages of using GovTech technologies to meet changing consumer demand, and highlighted existing problems and limitations. The authors proposed indicators to assess the level of organization of digital interaction within the public administration system in Russia. They also identified the features of the use of GovTech during the provision of public services to consumers. The research analyzed the target audience receiving public services in digital form and identified the possibilities of optimizing the interaction of consumers and producers of digital public services. The authors identified the directions for further development of the digital system of state and regional governance in Russia through improving internal interaction and consumer participation in the creation and use of services.

Artificial gastrointestinal tract models have become essential tools in veterinary medicine, providing alternatives to in vivo studies, which are labor-intensive, costly, and under certain circumstances even ethically challenging. These in vitro models facilitate the study of digestion, enable disease and host-pathogen interaction modeling, and allow for the investigation of nutrient absorption, microbiota, and pharmacokinetics. Considering the One Health concept, the application of gastrointestinal tract systems in investigations for animals can clearly reflect human health, and thus, it is pointing to the relevance of the adaptation of already existing models and the development of new models to meet the needs of veterinary and animal farming practices. This review explores and compares the various types of gastrointestinal tract models, including static and dynamic systems, and their applications across different animal species. Specific technical and methodological considerations are discussed for core animal-developed and -tested artificial systems and their integration with common 'omics' techniques. Dynamic models, such as RUSITEC and PolyFermS, more accurately simulate in vivo processes, including peristalsis, enzymatic activity, and microbial fermentation. The studies employing tools for 'omics' approaches have been conducted with more understanding analysis and comprehensive discussion and results.

In the modern digital era, owing to technological progressions, the diversification and intensity of cyber-attacks have attained an extraordinary level. Unlike network users, intruders use technological developments and implement attacks to cause operational disruptions, data breaches, and financial losses. The Denial-of-Wallet (DoW) attack adapts the standard Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. The principle of either attack is equivalent: to use the feedback capability to flood requirements to a service, making it unable to utilize it correctly. The DoW attack goal is to use the limitation of the calculating capability dealing with the cloud service, trying to cause direct financial loss. Federated Learning (FL) has been developed as a guaranteed solution for detecting DoW. This model deals with safety concerns, minimizes the data breach risk, and improves scalability. This manuscript presents a Cyberattack Detection Model for Denial-Of-Wallet Using Advanced Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in Federated Learning (CDMDoW-AMOAFL) model. The proposed CDMDoW-AMOAFL model aims to detect and mitigate malicious activities in a network. The z-score normalization is initially applied in the data normalization stage to transform input data into a beneficial format. Furthermore, the proposed CDMDoW-AMOAFL method utilizes the Harris hawk optimization (HHO) model for the feature selection process to identify and select the most relevant features from a dataset. For cyberattack detection, the ensemble models, namely the gated recurrent unit (GRU), temporal convolutional network (TCN), and convolutional autoencoder (CAE) models, are employed. Finally, the modified marine predator algorithm (MMPA) optimally adjusts ensemble models’ hyperparameter values, resulting in better classification performance. A wide-ranging experimentation was performed to prove the performance of the CDMDoW-AMOAFL method under the DoW attack detection dataset. The performance validation of the CDMDoW-AMOAFL technique illustrated a superior accuracy value of 98.12% over existing models.

When implementing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, government agencies and other actors in the public administration sector face many barriers and challenges, including the need to adapt professional culture and operational models. A key factor for successful AI integration is the availability of high-quality data that ensures the effective functioning of technologies. The article highlights the importance of using AI technologies to optimize the activities of public administration entities, which determines the need for training government (municipal) employees and other employees to improve their skills and professional culture. The diversity of opinions about the essence of new information technologies and their application at SSU also creates difficulties. There are different approaches to understanding AI, but its role in modern conditions is becoming increasingly important. The article presents concepts and terms characterizing AI, describes the regulatory framework, including national standards in the field of creation and application of AI technologies, including for the functioning of large generative models. Special attention is paid to the problems and prospects of creating and using AI models in the field of public administration at the federal, regional and municipal levels.

The paper examines the current state of the vegetation cover of the estuary-fluvial zone of the Krasnodar Territory using geobotanical techniques. As a result of the reconnaissance surveys, 406 species of vascular plants belonging to 75 families were identified. The growth of 8 rare protected plant species included in the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory and the Russian Federation has been established. The distribution of species by ecological groups was studied depending on the water regime, where mesophytes (38.4%) and xeromesophytes (24.2%) predominate. The main types of plant communities are identified: reed, meadow, steppe, and ruderal complexes. The economic importance of flora has been established, where 288 species have practical applications. At the suggestion of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Krasnodar Territory, the study area is a projected specially protected natural area of regional significance, the Kyprilskie Plavni Estuary and Fluvial Complex. Thanks to the conducted research, the botanical value of the specially protected natural area has been proven. The necessity of further monitoring of plant communities in conditions of anthropogenic impact is substantiated.

Open-pit mining involves the use of vehicles with high load capacity and satisfactory mobility. As experience shows, these requirements are fully met by pneumatic wheeled dump trucks, the traction drives of which can be made using thermal or electric machines. The latter are preferable due to their environmental friendliness. Unlike dump trucks with thermal engines, which require fuel to be injected into them, electric trucks can be powered by various options of a power supply: centralized, autonomous, and combined. This paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages of different power supply systems depending on their schematic solutions and the quarry parameters for all the variants of the power supply of the dumper. Each quantitative indicator of each factor was changed under conditions consistent with the others. The steepness of the road elevation in the quarry and its length were the factors under study. The studies conducted show that the energy consumption for dump truck movement for all variants of a power supply practically does not change. Another group of factors consisted of electric energy sources, which were accumulator batteries and double electric layer capacitors. The analysis of energy efficiency and the regenerative braking system reveals low efficiency of regeneration when lifting the load from the quarry. In the process of lifting from the lower horizons of the quarry to the dump and back, kinetic energy is converted into heat, reducing the efficiency of regeneration considering the technological cycle of works. Taking these circumstances into account, removing the regenerative braking systems of open-pit electric dump trucks hauling soil or solid minerals from an open pit upwards seems to be economically feasible. Eliminating the regenerative braking system will simplify the design, reduce the cost of a dump truck, and free up usable volume effectively utilized to increase the capacity of the battery packs, allowing for longer run times without recharging and improving overall system efficiency. The problem of considering the length of the path for energy consumption per given gradient of the motion profile was solved.

The paper considers general characteristics of English-language media texts that unite them into a system of media discourse, and specific features that distinguish digital versions from traditional text format. The article reflects results of studying the category of intertextuality, which is an important distinctive feature of media texts. For the study purpose, consideration of media texts is limited to the sphere of newspaper text as the most characteristic type of media texts in the Internet. Intertextual analysis is carried out using the example of direct quotation cases, which is one of the most frequent and natural forms of intertextuality expression. The forms and functions of quotations, the role of intertextual connections in generating meanings and achieving communicative goals, the significance of textual interaction in reproduction of personal and social value priorities in media space are identified. The linguopragmatic aspect of quotation speech study was based on analysis of linguistic, social, and psychological parameters of intertextual information exchange.

The paper emphasizes the importance of considering the dependence of soil tensile resistance on the relative moisture content when using flat-cutting working tools. Additionally; it highlights the dependence of soil tensile resistance on rhombic cross-section blades and the number of cutting planes. This study focuses on examining the effect of the blade sharpening angle on the specific cutting resistance of the fertile soil layer. ( Research purpose ) To study the soil layer destruction process using flat­cutting working bodies. ( Materials and methods ) A new soil-tillage tool was developed and subjected to preliminary theoretical analysis. The experimental methodology focuses on measuring only the vertical component of the soil layer’s pressure acting on the working tool. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the side brackets supporting the blade move along pre-designed guides. ( Results and discussion ) The research novelty lies in establishing relationships that describe the dependence between the parameters and operating modes of the new working body during its interaction with the soil. A method for the engineering calculation of the working body’s interaction with surfaces has been proposed. The findings indicate that; in heavy loam; the lowest resistance is achieved with a tine on the working organ width of 5 centimeters and a length of 7 centimeters when the ratio of the tine width to the distance between the tines is 2-3.5. ( Conclusions ) It has been established that the tine length should be approximately equal to the distance between the tines. The study also highlights the impact of sharpening on the technical condition of working bodies and the overall productivity of the tool. Analytical data indicate that for blades with a large cutting width; increasing the cutting depth is more effective in reducing specific cutting resistance.

Relevance . Today, the search for safe, effective and promising strain cultures exhibiting high probiotic properties as the main components of pharmacological microbial agents is a relevant area. The article presents the results of the study of probiotic properties and safety indicators of the normal flora of the genus Lactobacillus . Materials and methods . The properties of Ligilactobacillus agilis , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Ligilactobacillus salivarius , which were isolated from the caecum of turkeys, were studied as probiotic strains. Of the probiotically significant properties of beneficial microflora, the antagonistic effect on pathogenic microorganisms, adhesive and anti-adhesive properties were analyzed in cellular models (ram blood erythrocytes and intestinal enterocytes of rat embryos). The safety of the probiotic strains was assessed by their ability to produce hemolysin by seeding them on a dense nutrient medium with defibrinated ram blood, as well as by intraperitoneal administration of a suspension of the test microorganism killed by heating in its maximum concentration. Results . A set of microbiological studies demonstrated that the studied beneficial strains exhibit probiotic properties to varying degrees. The results of studying the antagonistic properties showed that the growth inhibition zone of opportunistic microorganisms varied within 4–14 mm depending on the test culture. When analyzing adhesiveness and antiadhesion, the best results were demonstrated by the strains Ligilactobacillus agilis and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei . When assessing the safety, it was found that the studied representatives of lactic acid bacteria do not form a hemolysis zone on the nutrient medium, and when intraperitoneally administered to laboratory animals, they do not cause signs of impairment of their health or loss of body weight.

This study presents an innovative framework for modeling the liquid–vapor phase change interface in porous media by employing time-fractional derivatives. Traditional heat transfer models often rely on integer-order derivatives, assuming local and instantaneous diffusion processes, which fail to fully capture the memory effects and nonlocal dynamics inherent in many real-world phase transition processes. To address this limitation, we incorporate time-fractional derivatives into the energy balance for both the liquid and vapor phases and the dynamics of the phase-change front. Using the Caputo fractional derivative, we model the nonlocal temporal behavior, offering a more accurate and comprehensive representation of heat transfer and phase transition dynamics. The study focuses on the time-fractional dynamics of liquid–vapor front in porous media in a geothermal context, but the methodological approach is broadly applicable to systems exhibiting anomalous diffusion and memory effects, particularly those involving phase transitions. Numerical solutions are computed using a finite difference method with fourth-order differentiation matrices, ensuring high accuracy and stability. Simulations reveal that increasing the fractional order parameter α slows the phase-change front, indicating sub-diffusive behavior characteristic of porous structures. Governing parameters such as heat generation, heat absorption, density ratio, porosity, temperature contrast, and fractional order parameter are analyzed, demonstrating combined impact on heat transfer and liquid–vapor front dynamics. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing energy extraction and environmental engineering applications, offering a fresh perspective on phase transition modeling in complex systems.

The historical and cultural potential of rural areas is a factor of their sustainable development due to the possibility of forming local social capital on its basis, the growth of individual and public welfare, job creation, the preservation and evolution of economic structure, and the support of ecological balance and biodiversity. The difficulty of adequately reflecting the value of historical and cultural potential with the help of market instruments requires the improvement of public administration mechanisms and coordination of actions for its effective realization. The author analyzes the activities of public authorities and local self-government bodies of Krasnodar Krai in the sphere of ensuring the protection of historical and cultural monuments identified within the boundaries of agricultural land. It is established that compensation of damage from the destruction of monuments at the expense of the local budget does not entail legal consequences for the beneficiary who carries out works on such lands. The economic and legal aspects of bureaucratic rent-seeking by representatives of local administration bodies are disclosed. Proposals were developed for municipal and regional authorities to apply additional administrative and indirect measures to regulate the economic activities of commodity producers in order to preserve and increase the historical and cultural potential of rural areas; potential costs and benefits for the local community in their implementation were determined.

Basic tillage is the most energy-intensive operation in the production of agricultural products. It accounts for half of all energy resources of crop production. Mouldboard tillage loosens the soil well but disrupts its structure. Shaft-free tillage does not disrupt the soil structure but requires additional loosening. We have developed a universal tillage tool in the form of a reversible ripper plough, which can perform mouldboard and non-mouldboard tillage. The reversible ripper plough has removable working tools. A prototype was made to conduct experimental research. The operation of the universal ripper plough has been tested experimentally. The evaluation of the universal ripper plough was carried out according to fuel consumption. As a result of the experiment, three main parameters affecting fuel consumption were recorded: travel speed 7.5–8.7 km·h ⁻¹ ; blade rotation angle 42–48°; soil density 1.25–1.33 g·cm ⁻³ . The effect of travel speed, the rotation angle of removable blades, and soil density on fuel consumption has been determined. The regression equation for fuel consumption from the selected parameters is obtained. The problem of optimisation according to the criterion of fuel consumption has been solved. Its minimum value per working tool is 2.035 l·ha ⁻¹ (for a tractor 16–18 l·ha-1) and is provided by a speed of 8.39 km·h ⁻¹ and a blade rotation angle of 44.99° when cultivating soil with a density of 1.26 g·m ⁻³ .