Istanbul Aydın University

The problem in this research is that basketball athletes in West Sumatra are still not performing jump shots optimally. This research aims to develop basketball coaching knowledge in West Sumatra to improve basketball coaches’ human resources. The population in this study included all 23 students from the coaching department who took specialized basketball courses. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling combined with random sampling for 6 students. This limited sample size was chosen to ensure controlled training conditions and to provide focused, preliminary insights into the efficacy of the massed practice method for jump shooting. The instrument used was the jump shot test. The method used in this research was research and development. This research concludes that the massed practice training method influences jump shot ability. The results show that the calculated t-value is 2.72, while the t-table is 2.015 with a significance level of α = 0.05 and df = 5. Based on this, t-calculated > t-table (2.72 > 2.015). It can be concluded that the massed practice training method influences the jump shot ability of students at the Faculty of Sports Science, Padang State University, Department of Coaching, Class of 2021. It was found that the massed practice training method influenced the jump shot ability of students at the Faculty of Sports Science, Padang State University, Department of Coaching, Class of 2021.

Background Artificial airway suctioning is one of the most widespread nursing procedures in clinical practice. Although artificial airway suctioning is frequently applied procedure, it is not easy to perform. It is most important to follow the correct technique to prevent possible complications. Methods This study aims to assess the content, reliability, and quality of training videos on endotracheal aspiration for nurses. The descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in September 2023 and the videos available on the YouTube platform for artificial airway suctioning training of nurses were evaluated in terms of content, reliability and quality. Results In total, 36 videos were analyzed. The analysis was conducted by two independent researchers. Video Information Form and Endotracheal or Tracheostomy Tube Aspiration Checklist created in line with the literature were used to evaluate the application steps of the videos. The short form of the DISCERN questionnaire was utilized to assess the reliability of the videos, while the 5‐point Global Quality Scale (GQS) was employed to evaluate their quality. The mean DISCERN score for the videos was 2.958 ± 1.513, the mean GQS score was 3.430 ± 1.083, and the mean total score for the Implementation Checklist was 47.166 ± 10.338. A strong agreement was observed between the assessments made by the first and second researchers using the DISCERN, GQS, and Checklist. The videos included in the study were found to be of medium quality. Additionally, it was determined that all videos exhibited deficiencies in the Checklist steps. In addition, there were significant deficiencies in application principles such as compliance with sterile technique, sequence of application stages and recording. Conclusions These deficiencies are thought to pose a great risk in terms of patient safety. It is recommended that artificial airway suctioning videos available on YouTube be used in nursing education after being checked for content and by experts.

Background Infant carrying is a common practice among caregivers. Carrying loads such as infant mannequins or bags may alter lower extremity joint angles and induce muscle fatigue in the upper extremities of carriers, including men, women, postpartum women, and women who have not given birth. However, the biomechanical effects of various carrying methods on mothers remain poorly understood. Objective This cross-sectional descriptive study compared the effects of unloaded walking with three infant-carrying conditions on gait mechanics. Methods Thirty healthy mothers’ gait parameters were recorded using a motion capture system under four conditions: unloaded walking (UW), front-facing carrying (FC), back-facing carrying (BC), and in arms carrying (IA). Results Across all infant-carrying conditions, notable changes were observed in gait parameters. The front-facing carrying condition elicited the greatest changes in gait mechanics, particularly in pelvis. The in arms carrying condition exhibited minimal changes in gait compared to the back and front-facing carrying conditions. Significant alterations in gait were observed in all infant-carrying conditions compared to unloaded walking (p < 0.05). The results indicated that ankle (M = 41.15 ± 0.25; M = 24.18 ± 0.29; p = 0.0024), and pelvis (M = 6.15 ± 0.35; M = 9.25 ± 0.45; p = 0.0036) movement patterns led to the greatest deviation in gait among four conditions. Conclusion Front-facing carrying imposes the greatest biomechanical and physiological strain while back carrier offers more ergonomically efficient alternative. The in arms carrying method introduces dynamic movement that may affect stability. These findings highlight important considerations for ergonomically optimized infant carriers to support maternal musculoskeletal health and minimize strain.

This study evaluates the dosimetric accuracy of PLA and ABS 3D-printed phantoms compared to real tissues using Monte Carlo simulations in radionuclide therapy. Materials and methods: A phantom representing average liver and lung volumes, with a 10 mm tumor mimic in the liver, was simulated for radioembolization using 1 mCi Tc-99 m and 1 mCi Y-90. The dose distribution (DD) was compared across PLA, ABS, and real organ densities. Results: For Tc-99 m, PLA showed a + 5.6% DD difference in the liver, and ABS showed − 35.3% and − 40.9% differences in the lungs. For Y-90, PLA had a + 1.7% DD difference in the liver, while ABS showed − 34.2% and − 34.9% differences in the lungs. Conclusion: In MC simulation, PLA is suitable for representing high-density tissues, while ABS is appropriate for simulating moderately low-density tissues.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is among the most common autoimmune disorders and is characterized by inflammation and degeneration affecting the central nervous system. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is an immunomodulatory drug utilized for treating relapsing–remitting MS. However, a considerable number of patients do not exhibit an appropriate response to this drug. This condition is known as GA resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nucleotide variations in the HLA-DRA, HLA-DQA1 and IL-6 genes and GA resistance. Additionally, the relationship of environmental factors with MS was investigated. One hundred thirty-nine MS patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: non-responders (n = 58) and responders (n = 81). After DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, the rs3135388 and rs3135391 variations in HLA-DRA, the rs9272346 variation in HLA-DQA1, and the rs1800795 and rs1900796 variations in IL-6 were analyzed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). At the end of the study, it was found that the number of females was approximately 3 times greater in responders and 4 times greater in non-responders than in males. When nucleotide variations and allele distributions were compared between the groups, no significant relationships were found. Similarly, no significant relationship was found between risk factors and nucleotide variations. However, in non-responders, the expanded disability status scale and lesion load were found to be significantly high. In conclusion, by increasing the number of patients, more meaningful results can be achieved in future studies. Elucidating the pharmacogenetic characteristics (the drug–gene relationship) of MS patients using GA could lead to the development of personalized treatment strategies.

Background This study aims to compare the outcomes of two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures using stand-alone cages versus cage and plate fixation in patients diagnosed with cervical disc herniation (CDH). Materials and methods This retrospective analysis included 60 patients who underwent two-level ACDF procedures. Patients were divided into two groups: one treated with stand-alone cages and the other with cage and plate fixation. Data on surgical duration, blood loss, fusion stability, and complication rates were collected. Clinical outcomes, including neck pain and functional status, were assessed using standard scoring systems. Results Plate fixation provided superior fusion stability but was associated with longer surgery durations, higher intraoperative blood loss, and increased complication rates. Stand-alone cages reduced intraoperative trauma but demonstrated higher subsidence rates and prolonged fusion times. Both techniques resulted in significant improvements in neck pain and disability scores. Discussion While both approaches are effective for managing cervical disc herniation, each has distinct advantages and limitations. Surgical technique selection should be individualized, considering patient-specific anatomical factors, functional demands, and the risk-benefit profile of each approach.

Integrated approaches for managing natural resources are said to meet increasing demand for water, energy, and food, while maintaining the integrity of ecosystems, and ensuring equitable access to resources. The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus has been proposed as a cross-sectoral approach to manage trade-offs and exploit synergies that arise among these sectors. Although not initially included as a component of the Nexus, the role of nature in sustaining the water, energy, and food sectors and in regulating their interrelationships is increasingly recognised by Nexus researchers and practitioners. To converge existing approaches that integrate nature into the WEF Nexus and suggest a common framework, we – an interdisciplinary group of natural resources management researchers and systems thinkers from the European research network NEXUSNET COST Action – followed a collaborative process of knowledge creation combining literature review, elicitation of expert opinion and collaborative writing. Our results reveal a multiplicity of concepts utilised in the literature to represent, partially or fully, “nature” in the Nexus, such as “environment”, “ecosystems”, “ecosystem services”, “social-ecological systems”, and “biodiversity”. Disparity was also found in the role attributed to nature, represented by three key paradigms: (1) ecosystems as the fourth component of an expanded Nexus, i.e., the WEF-Ecosystems (WEFE) Nexus; (2) ecosystems as a foundational layer to the Nexus; and (3) the WEF Nexus as a central component of social-ecological systems (SES). By creating a hybrid approach that brings together the benefits of the respective paradigms, we present a forward-looking WEFE Nexus conceptualisation. This paradigm expands the mutual interlinkages among water, energy and food to the entirety of SES, thus acknowledging the social-ecological processes that are affected by and affect the WEF Nexus. The results of this collaborative research effort intend to provide researchers and stakeholders with means to better understand and ultimately manage Nexus issues towards a transformative change.

Climate change, population growth, industrialization, overconsumption, and pollution strain water and resources, posing risks to ecosystem sustainability. Urgent action plans based on decision support systems are essential to protect environmental health and secure global food resources. This study employs the Wavelet model to analyze the impacts of agricultural and environmental factors on water resources in a selected irrigation basin by assessing water quality parameters, including chemical, physical, and biological properties, through seasonal sampling and wavelet transformations to detect temporal and spatial trends. Results showed increased salinity, nitrate, boron, total suspended solids (TSS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in groundwater and irrigation canals, particularly during dry periods. High nitrate (average 0.36 mg/L) and TSS levels (average 1152 mg/L) were linked to agricultural activities, while industrial influences contributed to the variability of boron ranging from 0.01 to 0.40 mg/L and COD ranging from 20 to 235 mg/L. The study highlights the temporal persistence of water quality challenges and spatial differences driven by external and environmental factors. Predictive wavelet analyses suggest that without intervention, water quality could worsen. These findings highlight the need for wavelet-based techniques to develop accurate management strategies for mitigating environmental impacts and ensuring long-term resource sustainability in irrigation-dependent regions.

This study analyzes National Cyber Security Strategies (NCSSs) of G20 countries through a novel combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. It focuses on delineating the shared objectives, distinct priorities, latent themes, and key priorities within the NCSSs. Latent dirichlet allocation topic modeling technique was used to identify implicit themes in the NCSSs to augment the explicitly articulated strategies. By exploring the latest versions of NCSS documents, the research uncovers a detailed panorama of multinational cybersecurity dynamics, offering insights into the complexities of shared and unique national cybersecurity challenges. Although challenged by the translation of non-English documents and the intrinsic limitations of topic modeling, the study significantly contributes to the cybersecurity policy domain, suggesting directions for future research to broaden the analytical scope and incorporate more diverse national contexts. In essence, this research underscores the indispensability of a multifaceted, analytical approach in understanding and devising NCSSs, vital for navigating the complex, and ever-changing digital threat environment.

Chronic stress is linked to changes in brain physiology and functioning, affects the central nervous system (CNS), and causes psychiatric diseases such as depression and anxiety. In this study, antidepressant effects of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) (LGG) (15 × 10⁸ cfu/ml/day) on the mechanisms playing a role in the pathophysiology of depression were investigated, and the results were compared with the effects of bupropion (20 mg/kg/day) and venlafaxine (20 mg/kg/day). A total of 56 male Wistar Albino rats were used in control, stress, bupropion, venlafaxine, LGG, bupropion + stress, venlafaxine + stress, LGG + stress groups, n = 7 each. Changes in the body weight of the rats during the experiment were determined by weight measurement. Gene expression levels were determined by the RT-PCR method. Four different behavioral tests were performed to evaluate depressive behaviors (sucrose preference test, three-chamber sociability test (social interaction test), elevated plus maze test, forced swim test). LGG treatment was effective in reducing depressive-like behaviors, increased BDNF level, 5-HT1A, DRD1, ADRA-2A, GABA-A α1, CNR1 expression levels in the hippocampus and NOD1 receptor expression level in the small intestine (p < 0.05), and also decreased neurodegeneration level, glial cell activity, and intestinal permeability in depressed rats. As a result, it was revealed in this study for the first time that the LGG probiotic bacterium has antidepressant properties and was found to be more effective than the antidepressant drugs bupropion and venlafaxine. Our results suggest that LGG is a potential psychobiotic bacterium and can be useful to treat depression. It may be an effective and useful option in combating depression.

Aim of the study is to explore the experiences of earthquake-affected preschool as they returned to their profession following the devastating February 6, 2023, earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş in Turkey. These earthquakes, among the most destructive in the region’s history, profoundly disrupted communities, including educators and children. The research addresses a critical gap by exploring how these natural disasters impact the teaching profession and educational practices. This phenomenological study with seven participants -six women and one man, aged 24–40- focuses on teachers from Hatay, Gaziantep, Kilis, and Malatya, collected via semi-structured interviews. Analysis followed a rigorous phenomenological approach to uncover the shared essence of their experiences. Findings reveal that teachers faced inadequate infrastructural preparations, including damaged schools and limited transportation. Psychologically, they felt unsupported, despite the limited training provided by the Ministry of Education. Housing and living conditions further compounded their struggles, with some teachers resorting to living in schools. For children, the study reports significant emotional, behavioral, and social changes. Earthquake-themed play and communication emerged as coping mechanisms, reflecting trauma, fear, and resilience. Teachers observed increased dependence, anxiety, and regressive behaviors such as thumb-sucking and bed-wetting among the children. Teachers assumed expanded roles as saviors, healers, and observers, focusing on creating safe environments, fostering resilience, and addressing both their own and the children’s emotional needs. They adapted their classroom routines, shifting the emphasis from cognitive to social and emotional activities to aid recovery. Despite initial resistance, parents later recognized the value of resuming education in providing stability and healing for their children. The research underscores the critical role of teachers in disaster recovery, emphasizing their influence on children’s emotional and psychological resilience. It calls for targeted disaster preparedness training for teachers, addressing their mental health needs, and prioritizing school infrastructure and resources. Collaborative efforts involving policymakers, educators, and mental health professionals are recommended to build a more robust educational response to natural disasters. This study highlights the transformative potential of education in emergencies, advocating for a proactive approach to equipping teachers and schools to navigate crises effectively while fostering long-term community resilience.

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) patency and the relationship between AVF self-care behaviors in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This was a descriptive and correlational study. The data were collected from 195 HD patients between August and December 2023. The mean score of the AVF Assessment Scale (AVF-AS) was significantly higher in diabetic patients and patients with the elbow AVF site. A significant positive correlation was found between the AVF-AS and the total number of AVF operations. AVF-AS was found to be lower in patients with very high levels of AVF self-care behaviors compared to high-level and moderate levels. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the AVF-AS and the pump speed, Kt/V, URR, and AVF self-care behaviors. This study found that patient-related factors and self-care behaviors effectively maintain AVF patency.

Microorganisms linked to the grapevine, Vitis vinifera, can impact crop quality, plant growth, and human and plant health. This study examined the bacterial community structures of brined grapevine leaves (n=56) taken from seven distinct regions in Türkiye using next‐generation sequencing technology. Investigations were also conducted into the samples' chemical properties. Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Bacillaceae was the predominant family in the analyzed samples, followed by Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. Bacillus was the dominant genus, followed by Lysinibacillus and Clostridium sensu stricto. The samples exhibited differences in terms of pH, total acidity, and salt content. The pH values of the brined grapevine leaves ranged from 2.31 to 6.91, the acidity levels ranged from 0.09% to 1.80%, and the salt percentages ranged from 3.39% to 49.14%. This research provides pioneering information for bacterial community analysis of brined grapevine leaves.

From the begining, women and men have been fighting for life together. Women and men associated the traditional perception which is used. The ideas are quite common in the economy, and also in unskilled jobs and in general, depending on the use of women in the economy. Thinking on a country's economic development with an economic (advanced economic) plan, within a medium and small scaled plan, women can work at affordable prices all over the world. Women effects mostly in the economy, is seen as the key component of growth and development. Although men have lots of opportunities to have positions in the economy and all the other fields, women’s access to these resources, loans, education and information is limited. Furthermore, climate change is now accepted as serious with long-term negative effects on humanity and social vulnerability. The women has lots of significant effects all over the world, because of the dependence on natural resources such as land, wood and water because of the climate change and adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between women and gender inequality in the climate change nexus. This paper underlines the key relation between gender and climate change, role of women and impacts of climate change on women’s position. For this reason firstly we aim to explain the imporantce of gender in climate change theme. Additionaly, the relationship between women and climate change explained by the gendered impacts which are the titles energy, gender equality and health, and SDGs. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide new offers to cover empty sides in the literature.

From the begining, women and men have been fighting for life together. Women and men associated the traditional perception which is used. The ideas are quite common in the economy, and also in unskilled jobs and in general, depending on the use of women in the economy. Thinking on a country's economic development with an economic (advanced economic) plan, within a medium and small scaled plan, women can work at affordable prices all over the world. Women effects mostly in the economy, is seen as the key component of growth and development. Although men have lots of opportunities to have positions in the economy and all the other fields, women’s access to these resources, loans, education and information is limited. Furthermore, climate change is nowadays accepted as vital long-term negative effects on humanity and social vulnerability. The women has lots of significant effects all over the world, because of the dependence on natural resources such as land, wood and water because of the climate change and adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between women and gender inequality in the climate change nexus. This paper underlines the key relation between gender and climate change, and impacts of climate change on women’s position. For this reason firstly we aim to explain the imporantce of gender in climate change theme. Additionaly, the relationship between women and climate change explained by the gendered impacts which are the titles energy, gender equality and health, and SDGs. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide new offers to cover empty sides in the literature.

BACKGROUND: Tympanoplasty, essential for repairing tympanic membrane perforations, requires careful postoperative care for successful recovery. However, timely access to healthcare guidance can be challenging, especially in rural or underserved areas. ChatGPT-4, an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, offers a potential solution for continuous postoperative support and patient education. This study assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of using ChatGPT-4 as a supplementary information resource for tympanoplasty patients, focusing on its ability to provide accurate, precise, and relevant postoperative guidance in situations where access to healthcare professionals is limited. METHODS: Ten commonly asked postoperative questions related to tympanoplasty were posed to ChatGPT-4, including queries on infection signs, activity restrictions, and wound care. Ten medical professionals evaluated the responses based on accuracy, response time, clarity, and relevance. RESULTS: ChatGPT-4 provided responses that aligned well with current medical guidelines, achieving an accuracy rating between 80% and 100% across different questions. Response time was consistently fast, with 100% of responses delivered immediately. Clarity and relevance ratings were also high, with 90% or more responses rated as easy to understand and directly addressing patient concerns. CONCLUSION: ChatGPT-4 shows considerable promise as an adjunctive tool in postoperative tympanoplasty care, offering timely, understandable information that supports patients following aftercare instructions. While not a replacement for professional medical advice, ChatGPT-4's capability to deliver accurate and relevant information enhances accessibility to postoperative guidance, particularly in remote or resource-limited settings, underscoring AI's growing role in otolaryngology patient support. INTRODUCTION Otolaryngology has rapidly evolved with advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and telehealth, enhancing patient care and access to medical information. 1 Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has shown significant promise in delivering patient-centered information and guidance. 2-4 Tympanoplasty, a surgical procedure aimed at repairing perforations of the tympanic membrane to restore hearing, often demands careful postoperative monitoring and adherence to specific care instructions. This recovery phase is critical to the procedure's success, as proper care can significantly impact outcomes, reduce complications, and enhance the patient's quality of life. 5 Ensuring timely and accurate patient care guidance can be challenging, particularly in resource-limited or remote areas; artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT offer a potential solution by providing immediate and accessible responses to common post-operative concerns. ChatGPT can clarify medical instructions and address patient queries effectively, making complex medical information understandable to a non-medical audience. 6-9 This functionality can be particularly beneficial for patients undergoing tympanoplasty, as it supports them in maintaining essential aftercare practices and identifying early signs of complications. 10,11 2 This study examines ChatGPT's role in supporting tympanoplasty patients during recovery by evaluating its ability to provide accurate, clear, and relevant postoperative information. Through this exploration , the study aims to assess ChatGPT's potential to improve patient education and adherence to aftercare protocols, ultimately contributing to better outcomes and enhanced accessibility in postopera-tive management. METHODS Study Design This study was structured to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4, an advanced AI language model, in delivering accurate and supportive information to patients recovering from tympanoplasty. The main objective was to evaluate whether ChatGPT-4 could be a reliable resource for postoperative care, particularly when access to health-care providers is limited, such as in remote settings or where patients cannot visit a hospital in person. This study did not involve human or animal subjects; therefore, Ethics Committee Approval and Informed Consent were not required and were waived for this publication. Data Collection Ten common postoperative questions related to tympanoplasty recovery were presented to ChatGPT-4. These questions were selected based on typical patient concerns, information needs observed in clinical practice, and insights from existing literature on postoperative tympanoplasty care. We also asked ChatGPT to write answers with a maximum of 2 sentences and a 300-character limit (Table 1). It is important to note that no specific guidelines or standards were used when assessing ChatGPT-4's responses, and the AI was not provided with any pre-training or tailored instructions for this study. This approach highlights the general applicability of ChatGPT-4 in postoperative care without specialized modifications. Analysis of ChatGPT-4 Responses The responses generated by ChatGPT-4 were evaluated by 10 independent Ear Nose Throat professionals based on several criteria: 1. Accuracy of information: assessing whether the responses were clinically accurate and aligned with current guidelines for post-operative tympanoplasty care. 2. Response time: measuring the time taken for ChatGPT-4 to respond to each question, indicating its potential to provide timely support. 3. Clarity and understandability: evaluating if the responses were presented in an easily understandable way for patients without medical backgrounds. 4. Relevance: ensuring that the information provided was pertinent to the concerns and needs of patients recovering from tympanoplasty. Objective The study investigated the feasibility of using ChatGPT-4 as an adjunct resource for patients recovering from tympanoplasty, especially when direct consultation with healthcare providers may not be possible. By exploring the reliability and clarity of ChatGPT-4's responses, the study sought to determine its potential to fill information gaps for patients in remote or resource-limited settings. RESULTS The assessment of ChatGPT-4's utility in responding to typical post-operative questions for tympanoplasty patients involved a detailed review of several performance metrics: accuracy, response speed, clarity, and relevance. Feedback from 10 medical professionals on ChatGPT-4's responses to postoperative care inquiries is presented in Table 2. Accuracy of information: ChatGPT-4 demonstrated strong accuracy, with ratings between 80% and 100% across different questions. Approximately 90% of the responses were consistent with established postoperative care protocols, indicating that ChatGPT-4 reliably conveyed essential aftercare guidance for tympanoplasty patients. Response speed: Consistently achieving a 100% response time rating, ChatGPT-4 provided rapid answers for all queries, suggesting its utility as a responsive resource for patients without immediate access to medical consultations. Clarity and understandability: ChatGPT-4's responses were uniformly high, with 100% ratings on most questions and a minimum rating of 90%. The AI's ability to distill complex medical advice into straightforward , patient-friendly language suggests its effectiveness in enhancing patient comprehension. Relevance: High relevance scores, with the majority of responses rated at 90% or above, reflect ChatGPT-4's capability to address the specific needs of tympanoplasty patients. This high relevance indicates the AI's capacity to tailor information appropriately to the context of postoperative care. MAIN POINTS • High accuracy and alignment with guidelines: ChatGPT-4 demonstrated substantial accuracy, with 80%-100% of responses meeting clinical guidelines for postoperative tympanoplasty care, making it a reliable adjunct resource in supporting patient adherence to aftercare protocols. • Consistently fast response times: ChatGPT-4 responded immediately (in 100% of cases) to postoperative inquiries, highlighting its potential to deliver prompt, round-the-clock support, especially beneficial in remote or underserved settings. • Clear and understandable patient guidance: ChatGPT-4 received high ratings (90% and above) for clarity, simplifying complex medical information into easily understandable language, thus enhancing patient comprehension and self-care abilities. • High relevance to patient concerns: The relevance of responses consistently scored above 90%, reflecting ChatGPT-4's effectiveness in addressing specific postoperative needs without providing extraneous or non-essential information. • Potential as a supplemental tool: While ChatGPT-4 is not a replacement for professional consultation, its high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (95%) underscore its capacity to support patients in managing recovery independently, improving access to care where direct medical guidance is limited. Aliyeva et al. ChatGPT and Tympanoplasty 3 Sensitivity and specificity: Analyzing ChatGPT-4's sensitivity (its accuracy in identifying and addressing critical postoperative needs) and specificity (its focus on relevant content) yields estimated values of 90% and 95%, respectively. ChatGPT-4's high sensitivity underscores its ability to recognize and address key postoperative issues in most cases accurately. Its specificity, rated at 95%, further supports the AI's efficiency in avoiding extraneous information and focusing responses on relevant, actionable advice. Content Analysis A qualitative content analysis of ChatGPT-4's responses was conducted , supporting the statistical evaluations by confirming that the information provided was comprehensive and adequately addressed the key aspects of postoperative care for tympanoplasty patients. This qualitative approach reinforced the AI's capability to effectively cover critical patient concerns and guidelines, demonstrating consistency with clinical expectations and patient needs.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing a Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy on a patient with a complex surgical history, including two renal transplants. The case involves a 42‐year‐old female presenting with persistent menorrhagia and hypermenorrhea, unresponsive to standard treatments, and diagnosed with adenomyosis and CIN3. A detailed, step‐by‐step procedure of the vNOTES technique is provided, marking the first video article to document vNOTES hysterectomy in such a medical context. The findings highlight vNOTES as a viable approach for treating refractory uterine bleeding and adenomyosis in patients with prior transplants, offering insights for young surgeons considering this minimally invasive technique in complex cases.

The accelerated development of digital technologies and the Internet stimulates the transition from the traditional to the digital model of marketing. The study presents a bibliometric analysis to examine international publications in the field of digital marketing (DM) and data-driven marketing (DDM) with a holistic approach, determine the current level of research interest in the topic under review and identify key development trends. The fundamental principles of bibliometrics and scientometric management constitute the methodological framework of the paper. Among the research methods applied are statistical and scientometric analyses. The data used in the study were retrieved from the Web of Science. Bibliometric analysis was carried out with 1,541 and 58 articles on digital and data-driven marketing, respectively. The data set covers the period of 2006–2024, when the first study on digital marketing emerged, and the period of 2003–2024 for data-driven marketing. The obtained data were processed using the R Project. The findings indicate a constantly growing research interest in the concepts under consideration. We have identified journals with most publications on digital marketing (Sustainability) and data-driven marketing (Journal of Business Research); established the countries publishing most studies on DM (USA) and DDM (China); and revealed the most frequently used keywords in DM (‘impact’) and DDM (‘management’). The results of keywords’ occurrence analysis were utilized to create thematic maps for visualizing motor, niche, basic and emerging/declining research areas in the field of digital and data driven marketing.

Background This study investigated the association between treatment resistance in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and various risk factors, including vitamin D deficiency, age, gender, and comorbidities. Methods A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on 122 patients diagnosed with BPPV at a tertiary care hospital between January 2020 and January 2023. The diagnosis of BPPV was confirmed using clinical history and positional tests, while serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Patients who required three or more canalith repositioning maneuvers were considered treatment-resistant. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of demographic and clinical factors on BPPV treatment resistance, and recurrence rates were evaluated over a one-year follow-up period. Results. Logistic regression revealed that male gender, comorbidities, and betahistine use were significantly associated with BPPV resistance (p < 0.05), while no significant relationship was found between vitamin D levels and treatment resistance or recurrence (p > 0.05). Recurrence was observed in 22.1% of patients during the follow-up period, though this was not significantly related to vitamin D status. Conclusions While previous studies suggested a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and BPPV recurrence, this study found no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and intractability along with the recurrence of BPPV. Instead, male gender, comorbidities (notably hypertension), and betahistine use were identified as risk factors for requiring multiple maneuvers. The study raises questions about the role of vitamin D in BPPV pathophysiology and suggests that other clinical factors may have a greater influence on treatment outcomes.

Introduction Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common, life-threatening pediatric emergency and was shown to be associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of chest computed tomography (CT) scan for identification of FBA in children. Methods From inception to May 2024, a systematic search was carried out across multiple databases including Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, considering published papers in English language. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using seven domains of Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Results The systematic literature search yielded 7203 articles. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of chest CT scan for identification of FBA were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98), respectively. The pooled positive likelihood ratio was 10.12 (95% CI: 4.59-22.20), and pooled negative likelihood ratio was 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02-0.1). Furthermore, the area under the summarized receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.98. Conclusion Our meta-analysis revealed that despite high heterogeneity, in the diagnostic characteristics of chest CT scan among studies, it has high diagnostic value in identifying FBA in suspected pediatric cases.