Isparta University of Applied Sciences

The study compared the effects of hexane and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) on oil yield, stability and bioactive compounds in fig, black cumin and rosehip oils. MeTHF increased oil yield in fig (11.7 %), black cumin (28.3 %) and rosehip (13.2 %). Solvent type did not change fatty acid and tocopherol composition and 18 fatty acids were identified. MeTHF increased number of phenolic compounds from 9 to 16 and amount of total tocopherol, phenolics, chlorophylls and carotenoids in oils. The antioxidant activity of oils was measured by CUPRAC and DPPH assays and MeTHF extracted oils had significantly higher antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stability test revealed that hexane-extracted oils peroxide value (PV) increased dramatically in fig (182.7 %) and rosehip (221.1 %) oils, while PV of MeTHF extracted oils was not significant in fig and rosehip oils. Black cumin oil was stable for both solvents. Results show that MeTHF is more efficient for obtaining oils with bioactive molecules to improve stability and quality.

Soil heavy metals are among the most hazardous materials in the environment. Their harmful effects can extend to surrounding systems (air, plants, water), and given the appropriate conditions may ultimately have negative effects on human health. Thus, preventing pollution and protecting pristine soils and preindustrial areas from human activities that lead to the concentration of heavy metals (HMs) is a priority. Here, a novel methodology was proposed to establish background concentrations of eight soil HMs, cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), and digitally map their spatial distributions in an area (i.e., harrats region) that has not yet been impacted by industrial activity. The proposed methodology combined measurements of the target HMs and fifty-two environmental covariates (ECOVs) derived from 2017 to 2021 Landsat 8/9 OLI and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)-derived terrain attributes. Random forest and stepwise multiple linear regression models were further used to digitally map the studied HMs. The methodology is important for any future environmental pollution/monitoring studies in the area and can be applied in other similar environments. Machine learning algorithms show great ability to use available environmental variables and investigate the relationships between the factors influencing HMs accumulation under a given soil environment. The proposed methodology was effective for describing HMs spatial variability in the environments investigated. • The proposed method is a novel way to predict soil HMs and their spatial distribution over large areas. • Remote sensing/digital elevation models (DEMs)-derived ECOVs are useful for predicting and digitally mapping soil HMs, thus important for future environmental monitoring studies. • Explainable algorithms (i.e., RF and SMLR) are able to utilize ECOVs for HMs prediction and to establish background concentrations over large areas. Therefore, the combination of machine learning and RS/DEMs-based ECOVs is crucial to overcome the disadvantages of HMs determination via conventional methods.

In this study, the effects of intermittent and deficit irrigation applications in subsurface drip irrigation system on the yield and some development parameters of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) plant were investigated. Four irrigation water levels and three interval treatments were applied in the study. According to the results obtained in the study, the effect of intermittent irrigation practices was found to be statistically significant on yield, plant weight, number of branches, and average capsule diameter parameters of black cumin. The lowest and highest black cumin yields were obtained in irrigation treatments S0 and S1 with 566.0 and 18,883.4 kg ha −1 , respectively. When evaluated according to intermittent applications, it was seen that seed yield increased as the water cut time increased. Accordingly, the average yield values in F0 (continuous irrigation), F1 (the treatment where water is applied once interrupted), and F2 (the treatment where water is applied twice interrupted) treatments were obtained as 1163.5, 1282.5, and 1204.8 kg ha −1 , respectively. While the interaction of irrigation level and interval number was found to be significant only in the average capsule diameter, the lowest and highest capsule diameters were obtained from treatments S0F2 and S1F1 with 8.9 and 12.8 mm, respectively. The two-year average lowest and highest plant water consumption values were obtained from treatments S0 and S1F2 with 253.7 and 418.6 mm, respectively. As a result, it was revealed that increasing the on-off period in intermittent irrigation applications in clayey soils may have positive effects on plant development and productivity.

This study investigates the variation in functional diversity (FD), species diversity (SD), and endemicity across all Mediterranean‐type vegetation belts (MVB) within a topographically complex mountainous refuge, focusing on their relationships with topographic and climatic factors. Microclimatic processes and mosaic habitats caused by topographic complexity increase the plant diversity of the area. This diversity is reflected in our study through the representation of different habitat types. The relationship of functional and species diversity with environmental parameters was also modeled and mapped within this study conducted with approximately 5550 records of 1017 plant taxa from 136 study plots. Functional diversity was measured using Rao's quadratic entropy, and alpha species diversity values were calculated using the Shannon‐Wiener index. Various regression models were trained and evaluated, and were assessed based on several statistical metrics. The final model selection, the Generalized Additive Model (GAM), was chosen based on its superior performance, ensuring the model not only fits the data well but also accurately predicts new data, thus optimizing both the validity and practical utility of the model. Our GAM results indicated that elevation is the most influential factor on diversity values, and that functional and species diversity curves show different trends with increasing elevation. Additionally, the topographic position index was identified as the most significant process affecting functional diversity in terms of “habitat filtering”. In this context, the variation in functional diversity, species diversity, and endemism in mosaic habitats creates a mosaic of diversity. The results emphasize the importance of topographic complexity in maintaining biodiversity and highlight the need for targeted conservation strategies that prioritize areas with high functional diversity, such as the Meso‐, Thermo‐, and Supra‐ Mediterranean vegetation belts, alongside habitats with high endemicity, particularly in the Oro‐ and Cryoro‐ vegetation belts.

The over-collection pressure on medicinal leech populations, coupled with habitat loss, has led to a decline in natural stocks, emphasizing the need for leech aquaculture and standardized production protocols. The effects of water temperature and thermal shock on leech aquaculture remain unclear, making standardization in leech aquaculture challenging. Understanding these effects is also crucial for assessing the impact of global warming on leech populations. This study investigated the impact of different temperatures and thermal shocks on the growth and health of medicinal leeches through two trials. In the first trial, leeches were cultured at four temperatures (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C) to determine the optimal range. A quadratic linear decrease in final body weight was observed (PQuadratic = 0.001), with higher temperatures leading to increased regurgitation and cannibalism, and a lower proportion of healthy leeches. The optimal temperatures for the growth and health of leeches were found to be 18.7°C (R² = 0.701) and 19.7°C (R² = 0.303), respectively. In the second trial, leeches were kept at 18.7°C and exposed to thermal shocks at six temperatures (3.7°C, 8.7°C, 13.7°C, 23.7°C, 28.7°C, and 33.7°C) during triweekly water changes. No significant differences in final body weight were determined among groups (PAnova = 0.799). Interestingly, cold thermal shocks reduced regurgitation and cannibalism while increasing the proportion of healthy leeches. These findings highlight temperature and thermal shock as critical environmental factors in leech aquaculture. Maintaining temperatures between 18.7 and 19.7°C appears optimal, and cold thermal shocks may have beneficial effects on leech health.

The purpose of this study is to determine the energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions of white cherry growing. The study was conducted during the 2023–2024 agricultural period. The study data were collected from the 101 white cherry growers (reachable) determined according to complete count method in Konya province in Türkiye. In this study were done the energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, net energy and greenhouse gas emissions calculations of white cherry growing. Energy inputs in white cherry growing, including human labor, machinery, chemicals, chemical fertilizers, mineral oil, diesel fuel, irrigation water and electricity were supplied in terms of their usage per hectare. The energy output of white cherry fruit was calculated. The energy inputs in white cherry growing were calculated respectively as chemical fertilizers 4393.11 MJ ha⁻¹ (23.73%), electricity 4298.40 MJ ha⁻¹ (23.22%), diesel fuel 3048.62 MJ ha⁻¹ (16.47%), irrigation water 2740.50 MJ ha⁻¹ (14.81%), chemicals energy 1898.21 MJ ha⁻¹ (10.25%), machinery 921.66 MJ ha⁻¹ (4.97%), human labour 669.83 MJ ha⁻¹ (3.62%) and mineral oil 540 MJ ha⁻¹ (2.92%). Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy were calculated as 2.31, 1.27 MJ kg⁻¹, 0.79 kg MJ⁻¹ and 24,340.92 MJ ha⁻¹, respectively. The total energy input in the growing of white cherry was divided as 58.12% direct, 41.88% indirect, 18.42% from renewable sources and 81.58% from non-renewable sources. The total greenhouse gas emissions and ratio resulting from white cherry growing were calculated as 1144.94 kgCO2eq ha⁻¹ and 0.05 kgCO2eq kg⁻¹. According to the results, the white cherry growing was determined to be profitable in terms of energy use efficiency.

The present study aims to determine the hydrogeochemical properties, quality, and usage areas of groundwater used by the public, particularly for drinking and utility purposes, in Sütçüler district center of Isparta province. For this purpose, 10 samples were taken from drinking water sources in the region. The physicochemical parameters of these source waters, including major cation and anion compositions, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) analysis results, were compared to WHO and Turkish drinking water standards (TSI266). The LAWA index was used to evaluate the suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purposes, whereas total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption rate (SAR), sodium percentage (% Na), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), US Salinity diagram and Wilcox diagrams were used to evaluate the suitability for irrigation. In this study, it was determined that the groundwater samples are in the Ca-Mg-HCO3 water facies. Various graphs and multivariate statistical analysis (Pearson correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis) methods were used to determine the formation of geochemical processes constituting the hydrogeochemical facies. Given the results achieved, the dominant geochemical processes in the water were determined to be ion exchange and mineral disintegration processes originating from rock-water interaction related to limestone, dolomite, and dolomitic limestones spreading over large areas in the study area. In addition, the geochemical modeling approach was used in this study to calculate the saturation level of some selected minerals explaining the dissolution and precipitation reactions occurring in the groundwater. Accordingly, the saturation rate of all groundwater anhydrite, gypsum, and halite minerals was determined to be low. On the other hand, they were found to be oversaturated in terms of aragonite, calcite, and dolomite minerals. Considering the LAWA index, most samples are in the “Lightly polluted” class in terms of NO3 values. Although the presence of NO3 pollution in groundwater was reported using this method, it has not exceeded the limit values yet. According to WHO and TSI266, all the water samples are drinkable. Evaluating the usability of groundwater for irrigation purposes, it was determined that the water was suitable for irrigation. As a result, it is thought that this study will form an important basis for the sustainable quality management of groundwater resources in the study area.

This study was conducted to address the urgent need for identifying drought-tolerant varieties of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scotch pine) in response to the increasing impact of global climate change on forest ecosystems. The aim was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of Scotch pine provenances grown in the Lakes Region of Türkiye in terms of photosynthetic gas exchange and selected stress-related chemical traits. Samples from different origins were analyzed to assess parameters such as adaptation to drought stress, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate. The data, obtained from long-term provenance trials established in 2000 in Aydoğmuş (Isparta) and Kemer (Burdur), revealed how these traits vary depending on origin and site conditions. Among the provenances, Çatacık, Akyazı, and Mesudiye displayed higher photosynthesis rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Additionally, the accumulation of proline and hydrogen peroxide appeared to play a key role in drought adaptation, with Çatacık and Akyazı showing better performance under arid conditions. The findings provide valuable insights for selecting appropriate Scotch pine provenances for afforestation in arid and semiarid environments and contribute to the development of climate-resilient forest management strategies.

This study presents a multi-criteria decision-making approach to compare and evaluate the aerodynamic performance of 4-digit National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics airfoils. The Multi-Attribute Utility Theory method was used to normalize the criteria, and the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis method was employed to determine the weights of the criteria. The Borda method was applied to combine the results of 200 different scenarios, considering ten different Reynolds number values and 21 different alpha angles. The results show that the order of superiority of the 4-digit National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics profiles, from high to low percentage, is lift to drag ratio, drag coefficient, lift coefficient, moment coefficient, pressure coefficient, ease of manufaction, strength, and weight. The study concludes that the proposed methodology can provide useful insights for decision-makers in selecting the most appropriate airfoil profile for specific applications.The study found that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0014 airfoil profile provides the best overall performance based on the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis, Multi-Attribute Utility Theory and Borda methods. The findings of this study can be useful in the design and optimization of airfoils for various applications, including aircraft wings, wind turbines, and propellers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using different levels of flaxseed in dairy cattle diet on performance and milk fatty acid profile. For this purpose, 9 lactating Holstein cows of the same parity and lactation stage were used. The study followed a crossover design with three periods, three treatment groups, and three cows per group. Each period lasted 21 days, of which 14 days was the adaptation period and 7 days was the data collection period. During the experiment, 2 different concentrate feeds were used, along with corn silage, vetch hay, wet sugar beet pulp, and straw as roughages. Feeds were prepared as a total mixed ration. Cows in control, 1st and 2nd treatment groups received a diet containing 0, 250 and 500 g/d flaxseed, respectively. Adding flaxseed to the diet did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield, feed efficiency, or milk fat, lactose, and urea nitrogen (P > 0.05). However, it increased omega-3 fatty acids in milk and decreased the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids (P < 0.05). Results showed that adding different levels of flaxseed to the diets increased omega-3 fatty acids in milk without negatively affecting performance or fat percentages, making it suitable for producing functional milk.

Pine pitch canker (PPC) emerged as a significant problem in 1945 in Southeastern USA. The causal agent, Fusarium circinatum , has spread widely and now occurs in pine forests and plantations worldwide. Fusarium circinatum causes damping off, shoot and tip die‐back, and the death of seedlings in nurseries. Infection of mature trees leads to excessive resin bleeding on branches and main stems, sunken cankers with bark remaining attached, and finally, tree death. Arguably, F. circinatum is the most important pathogen of pine seedlings in many areas of the world. At least 67 species of Pinus , 18 Pinus hybrids, and 6 other non‐pine tree species are susceptible to PPC. The selection and development of tree germplasm resistant to pathogens is considered the most robust approach to reduce losses to diseases. Genetic variation in resistance to F. circinatum certainly exists, even in generally very susceptible hosts, such as P. radiata . Exploiting genetic resistance as a tool to manage PPC requires screening large numbers of tree genotypes and fine‐tuning efficient phenotyping protocols. The greater the number of genetic lines and replications, the higher the selection differentials and accuracy of the genetic parameter estimates. Recent advances in physiological and molecular techniques exploring the plant‐pathogen interaction have expanded our understanding of genetic resistance mechanisms in pines to PPC and represent an added‐value tool to support phenotypic selection. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the molecular, physiological, and genetic basis of resistance to F. circinatum in pines and considers possibilities to improve the resistance of pines against the pathogen through breeding and selection.

This study evaluates the Ephemeroptera fauna and water quality in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin using physicochemical variables and benthic metrics, offering an ecological water quality analysis. Fieldwork conducted during the spring, summer and autumn of 2019 across 20 localities revealed 965 individuals belonging to 17 species from seven families. Among these, only Caenis macrura had been previously reported for the basin, whereas all other species represent new records for the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, significantly contributing to regional biodiversity knowledge. The Shannon–Wiener index showed the highest and lowest species diversity at Stations 6 (1.55) and 9 (0.15), respectively. Cluster analysis revealed 100% similarity between Stations 1, 2, 8, 10 and 19, whereas Station 18 was distinctly different. ANOSIM analyses showed significant differences in species distribution between spring and summer–autumn but none between summer and autumn. MANOVA results indicated no significant differences in temperature between spring and autumn, whereas other seasonal combinations showed notable variations. Water quality index results classified Stations 1, 9, 11, 13, 18 and 20 as moderate; Stations 7 and 8 as low; and others as good or high. This study emphasizes the importance of ecosystem‐based approaches in conserving water resources. Sensitive benthic organisms like Ephemeroptera facilitate the integration of biological and physicochemical data, aiding sustainable watershed management. This study uniquely contributes to biodiversity knowledge by providing new species records and offers a model for similar studies in other basins.

The aim of this study is to determine the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) associated with cherry production. The study will provide valuable insights into the environmental effect of cherry production. The study was conducted during the 2022–2023 agricultural season in the province of Konya. Energy inputs for cherry production includes 5103.84 MJ ha⁻¹ (11.27%) of labor, 7367.07 MJ ha⁻¹ (16.26%) of machinery, 746.58 MJ ha⁻¹ (1.65%) of pesticides, 981.67 MJ ha⁻¹ (2.17%) of farmyard manure, 6973.77 MJ ha⁻¹ (15.40%) of chemical fertilizers, 5416.19 MJ ha⁻¹ (11.96%) of diesel fuel, 2901.33 MJ ha⁻¹ (6.40%) of irrigation water, 15,680.00 MJ ha⁻¹ (34.61%) of electricity and 128.09 MJ ha⁻¹ (0.28%) of transportation. The total energy inputs and outputs were calculated as 45,298.53 MJ ha⁻¹ and 84,070.16 MJ ha⁻¹, respectively. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were calculated 1.86, 0.63 kg MJ⁻¹, 1.58 MJ kg⁻¹, 38,771.63 MJ ha⁻¹ respectively. The total GHG and GHG ratio resulting from cherry production were calculated to be 5523.46 kgCO2eq ha⁻¹, 0.19 kgCO2eq kg⁻¹, respectively. Of all emission sources, the use of electricity was found to have the highest contribution with 47.94%.

Ornamental plant growing is carried out in relatively small areas compared to other agricultural production areas, but the use of basic inputs such as water and fertilizer is intensive. Quality in cyclamen and for other similar ornamental plants is related to the amount and quality of the flowers. Irrigation and fertilization are very effective applications of these parameters. This study was conducted in Türkiye to detect the effects of different irrigation programs and nitrogen doses on Cyclamen persicum Mill. in 2023–2024. There were 12 treatments in total. Three different irrigation programs were used. When 20% (I1), 40% (I2), and 60% (I3) of the available water holding capacity (AWHC) in the mixed soil were used, the irrigation water was applied in each irrigation until the available soil water reached the field capacity. There were four nitrogen doses for each irrigation program: N0: 0, N1: 10 kg N da⁻¹, N2: 20 kg N da⁻¹, and N3: 30 kg N da⁻¹. All the parameters were affected negatively by water stress. The 20 kg da⁻¹ nitrogen doses increased the number of flowers. Increasing water stress levels negatively affected the Pn. The zero nitrogen dose treatments (N0) provided the lowest average Pn with 7.53 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The I1 (frequency irrigation) irrigation program and N3 nitrogen dose can be applied together to obtain the best vegetative growth. As another option to obtain the most generative growth, the I1 (frequency irrigation) irrigation program and the N2 nitrogen dose can be applied together.

Social acceptance of electric vehicles is of great importance for environmental sustainability and economic development. This study aims to examine Turkish and English tweets about electric vehicles with sentiment analysis, text mining, and topic modelling techniques to reveal consumers’ electric vehicle purchasing behaviours, consumer perception and acceptance processes about electric vehicles, and social perceptions. The data was taken from the X platform, and high accuracy and F1 scores were obtained in both languages in the classification made with the deep learning-based LSTM model. The accuracy was 92.1% for English tweets and 96.7% for Turkish tweets. According to the sentiment analysis results, the perception of electric vehicles is generally positive in both languages. However, while the rate of neutral sentiment is higher in Turkish tweets, the rate of negative sentiment is higher in English tweets. This indicates that there is more criticism and debate about electric vehicles globally, while Turkish tweets have more neutral views on the subject. Word frequency analysis shows that positive comments about electric vehicles focus on economic and environmental advantages, while negative comments include concerns about charging time, battery life, and range concerns. The topic modelling identified three main themes related to electric vehicles: (1) reasons for being preferred by consumers and their purchasing tendencies, (2) the role of brands, (3) market developments and marketing strategies. In Turkish tweets, electric vehicle production, charging infrastructure, and consumer purchasing trends were at the forefront. In general, it is emphasised that charging infrastructure should be strengthened, battery performance should be improved, and costs should be reduced to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles.

This study introduces an innovative method for assessing occupational safety risks in the textile industry, specifically in cotton yarn production. The proposed approach integrates Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with fuzzy logic, offering a robust solution for addressing uncertainties and incomplete data in risk analysis. Unlike traditional methods, this combination allows for a comprehensive evaluation by incorporating expert judgments and subjective assessments of safety levels. Using historical data and expert insights, a fuzzy logic model was developed in MATLAB, enabling the calculation of risk levels through fuzzy inference rules. Key input parameters, such as occurrence rating (P), severity rating (S), and detection rating (D), were analyzed to determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The results demonstrate that the integration of FMEA and fuzzy logic provides more reliable and accurate risk assessments compared to conventional methods. This approach not only identifies critical hazards like rotating machine parts, cotton dust, and noise but also proposes actionable safety measures. The study underscores the practical applicability of this model in improving workplace safety and highlights its adaptability to other industries with complex and uncertain environments.

Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae) is a valuable vegetable for Türkiye, because of its high consumption rate and significant exports. A new tomato pest referred to as Lasioptera sp., which is distributed in Türkiye, Greece, and Romania but could not be identified at the species level till 2019, was finally identified as Lasioptera tomaticola by Yukawa and Harris in 2019. Therefore, this study was carried out in 2017–2018 and 2020–2023 to investigate (i) the distribution of the pest in Türkiye and (ii) the effects of different pruning techniques on the egg-laying behavior of the pest on tomato plants. Additionally, suggestions regarding the control of the pest were discussed in this study. It was determined that L. tomaticola prefers shoots which are completely plucked from the main stem by hand, because of the formation of a large scar tissue. It was found that the wound tissue surface was less in the other two pruning methods and therefore L. tomaticola did not prefer the plants pruned with those methods. One of these methods is “knife pruning”, where the shoot is excised from the main stem with the help of a knife by leaving an axial shoot length of 5 cm, and the second one is “two fingers pruning”, where the shoot is excised from the main stem with two fingers by leaving an axial shoot length of 5 cm. It was observed that even if L. tomaticola laid eggs in the wound tissues in these pruning types, the hatched larvae could not easily reach the main stem.

In this study, a hybrid manufacturing approach was applied to iron-based materials, combining SLM processing with additional sintering heat treatment. During manufacturing, metal powders were enclosed within a closed volume along with lattice support structures fabricated by SLM. The enclosed powders were subsequently sintered, forming a porous inner region integrated with the outer SLM-processed shell. This novel approach aims to enhance energy absorption and mechanical performance. Hybrid specimens were subjected to impact and split-Hopkinson bar tests at various velocities. The Johnson–Cook material parameters were determined based on energy absorption, displacement, and other mechanical properties. Results demonstrated the superior energy absorption capability of the manufactured parts, with samples achieving an absorbed energy of 250 J at an impact velocity of 9 m/s. This study highlights the potential of integrating SLM with sintering techniques to create hybrid materials with optimized structural and mechanical performance, offering valuable insights for applications requiring high energy absorption and strength.

The use of biochar, which is a carbon-rich material obtained by pyrolysis of various organic raw materials for dye pollution in wastewater, is promising for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Modified biochars whose structures are changed are currently being investigated with many studies. In this study, Juniperus Excelsa (JE) cone, which is an economical and accessible tree species, was converted into biochar (JEB) and modified with iron (mJEB) and given magnetic properties. mJEB was characterized and its structure was investigated by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-Ray diffraction method (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (pHPZC). Afterwards, the removal of malachite green (MG) dye by batch adsorption method was investigated in adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature, time, dosage, initial MG concentration. The results showed that MG adsorption with mJEB proceeded via pseudo-second-order (PSO), was an endothermic process and complied with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) in MG removal with mJEB was calculated as 38.023 mg/g. Our study will be an important step in dye removal studies with mJEB. Graphical Abstract

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a highly adaptable and destructive pest of tomato crops, posing a significant threat to global agriculture due to its rapid spread and resistance to control measures. This study investigates the developmental rates and population parameters of T. absoluta larvae when transferred between three host plants—tomato, eggplant, and tobacco—across four distinct larval instars. Larvae were reared under controlled environmental conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH, and 16L:8D photoperiod) and transferred between these hosts at the first to fourth instars. Life table analyses, including parameters such as net reproductive rate (R₀) and intrinsic rate of increase (r), were used to evaluate developmental times, survival, and reproductive potential across different hosts. The results showed that T. absoluta could complete its life cycle on all three host plants, although tobacco significantly prolonged the developmental periods, likely due to its high nicotine content, making it a less suitable host. In contrast, tomato supported the most optimal development, while third-instar larvae transferred to eggplant exhibited higher performance than those reared solely on tomato. These findings suggest that T. absoluta shows increased adaptability to eggplant at later developmental stages. The study highlights the pest’s ability to exploit different hosts, particularly from the third instar onward, and underscores the importance of host selection in shaping pest management strategies. The results have implications for integrated pest management (IPM) approaches, emphasizing targeted interventions based on host plant suitability and developmental stage.