Islamic Azad University Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch

Introduction The ability of teachers to organize classes and manage the behavior of their students is critical in achieving positive educational outcomes. The aim of this study was to explain the experiences of nursing faculty members in managing disruptive behaviors in the classroom. Methods The study adopted descriptive explanatory qualitative study design and provided an avenue to explain the experiences of nursing faculty members in managing disruptive behavior in the classroom Participants were included via the purposive sampling. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The content analysis presented by Graneheim and Lundman was used to analyze the data. The present study utilized four strength criteria, including credibility, confirmability, transferability, and dependability. Results The finding were presented using five themes that emerged from 350 open codes, including managing disruptive behavior in the classroom, guiding the disruptive student, trying to increase learning, and making the class more interesting, setting the rules and regulations of the class with sub-categories. Conclusions Participants cited strategies that they enabled to understand the cause of misbehavior and implement strategies to modify students’ misbehaviors by creating a safe and healthy climate to nurture effective learning by students.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP) on promoting meaning in the lives of individuals with spinal cord injury. This single-blind study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and experimental and control groups. Forty-three patients with poor meaning in life were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received MCGP, while the control group received no intervention. The data were collected by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results revealed significant differences between the post-test and follow-up scores of the experimental and control groups regarding the presence of meaning in life and the search for meaning in life. Also, no significant difference was found between the post-test and follow-up scores of the experimental group, which demonstrated the stability of the treatment effects. In general, MCGP significantly improved the meaning in the lives of patients with spinal cord injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition characterized by a rapid decline in renal function. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and many patients with AKI develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have examined the association between AKI and CKD; however, the relationship between AKI types and CKD development has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, a multi-center prospective observational study is required to investigate this relationship thoroughly. These findings may have significant implications for the early identification, prevention, and management of CKD in patients with a history of AKI.

Fucoxanthin (FX) is a natural pigment that is found in brown seaweeds, diatoms, and other marine organisms. FX helps to improve the soil’s physical and chemical properties. FX has been shown to have a positive impact on plant growth. The widespread usage and production of microplastics (MPs) products has resulted in a surge of plastic waste in the natural environment, posing a growing threat to plant growth. This study investigated the effects of Polystyrene MPs (PS) and FX on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter ;(OM), and available nutrients and maize (Zea mays L.) growth in a calcareous soil. Results showed PS led to a decline in soil pH, which negatively impacted maize growth. Higher levels of PS led to lower root and shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and plant height. Increasing FX levels in the soil led to an increase in available nutrients, while decreasing EC and had a positive effect on maize growth factors, particularly under non-stress conditions. The positive effects of FX may be due to its antioxidant properties, ability to enhance photosynthesis, aid in nutrient absorption, and activate growth-related genes. FX mitigated the negative effects of PS on plant growth. The study highlights the potential of FX as a soil amendment to promote plant growth and mitigate the effects of environmental stressors on agriculture.

In the present study, accumulative roll bonding is used to fabricate Al base composites with the thickness of 1 mm. then, fracture toughness, mechanical properties and forming limit diagrams (FLD) of them have been investigated versus ARB parameters experimentally. Boron nitride (BN) particles are used as reinforcements and Al/BN composites have been manufactured up to 10 accumulative rolling passes at 300°C. after the 10th pass, the strength of composite samples reached to 168 MPa registering 248% improvement than the initial AA1100 sample. Also, the bonding quality among the composite layers improved by increasing the number of passes. A uniform scattering of Boron nitride particles and bonding strength and quality was improved at higher number of passes. Moreover, the fracture mode at higher passes was observed as shear ductile that had been changed from deep dimples (for low number of passes). The area under the FLDs, dropped sharply after the first pass and then improved at higher passes, as the criterion of formability. Finally, fracture toughness enhanced to the maximum value of 30 MPam 1/2 for the composite samples fabricated with 10 passes.

Celery (Apium graveolens) is widely used in food and cosmetic industries due to the richness of vitamins, volatile compounds and other bioactive constituents. The objective of the present study was to investigate the variation in the chemical composition of bioactive compounds during four vegetative stages of celery. Celery plants were obtained from a farm in the Isfahan province of Iran. Fresh aerial parts of the plants were harvested at very early vegetative stage, early vegetative stage, mid vegetative stage, and late vegetative stage. The headspace technique and GC–MS analysis were used in tandem to identify bioactive constituents. The findings revealed that phthalides, sesquiterpenes, and monoterpenes were the main constituents of celery bioactive compounds. The composition and percentages of these secondary metabolites were significantly changed among different vegetative stages. There was a rise in the percentages of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes whereas the percentage of phthalides was decreased by advancing age. In conclusion, celery plant at younger age possesses a higher proportion of phthalides, which is accounted for a stronger odour in company with medicinal and industrial benefits.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been extensively utilized in various industries. These artificial compounds pose significant environmental and health concerns as they exhibit persistence in soil over long periods and can migrate through soil and groundwater. One potential method for addressing PFASs toxicity is thermal desorption, although its efficacy in calcareous soil remains understudied. In this experimental investigation, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of thermal desorption in removing PFASs from two types of calcareous soil: spiked clay and sandy clay loam soil. PFASs were spiked into soil samples, which were subsequently freeze-dried and homogenized. The samples underwent thermal desorption, followed by extraction and analysis of remaining PFASs concentrations using UPLC MS/MS. The study examined the impact of different temperatures, times, and soil types on PFASs removal. Results revealed that the removal fraction of PFASs increased with higher temperatures, although the specific effect varied depending on the soil type and the characteristics of the PFASs. Optimal PFASs removal occurred within the temperature range of 350 to 450°C, with a treatment time of 40 to 60 min. ANOVA analysis indicated a significant interaction between temperature and time, highlighting the influence of temperature on PFASs desorption. The correlation coefficient demonstrated a negative relationship between temperature and PFASs removal from the soil sample. This study successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of thermal desorption in removing PFASs from calcareous soils. The findings contribute to the development of effective strategies for mitigating the environmental and health risks associated with PFASs contamination in soil.

Finding methods, which may improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and tolerance under drought stress, are of significance. The hypothesis was plant growth regulators (PGRs) are able to alter wheat physiology in a way so that the plant would be able to resist the stress. Accordingly, PGRs affecting wheat response in drought stress was investigated in greater details. Different PGRs, at different drought levels (80 (S1), 100- (S2) and 120-mm (S3) evaporation from pan class A) affecting wheat biochemical and nutritional properties including nutrient uptake (N, P, K) were tested. Experimental treatments including control (water, T1), and PGRs of gibberellic acid (GA3, 110 mgL−1, T2), salicylic acid (SA, 1.5 mM, T3), and benzyl adenine (60 mgL−1, T4), GA3 + SA (T5), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD, 5 gL−1, T6) were tested in two different locations. Wheat biochemical and nutritional parameters including grain protein, chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water at flowering and ripening, wet and dry gluten index, soluble sugars, and grain nutrient uptake were significantly enhanced by PGRs. The grain protein was in the range of 9.90 (S3T1) and 15.01% (S1T5); however, T5 treatment significantly enhanced it at the second (14.47%) and third (13.96%) level of drought. Although the single use of PGR was effective on the alleviation of stress, the combined use of GA3 + SA followed by the single use of SOD, were the most effective ones. Treating wheat plants with the tested PGRs is recommendable to improve wheat biochemical and nutritional properties in the arid and semi-arid areas.

Ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) has been studied extensively for its potential use as an amendment in agriculture due to its numerous beneficial properties. The widespread usage of microplastics (MPs) poses a growing threat to plant growth. This study investigated the effects of Polystyrene MPs (PSMPs) and EDDS on soil pH, EC, organic matter (OM), available nutrients, and maize (Zea mays L.) growth in a calcareous soil. Results showed that both PS and EDDS had significant effects on soil pH, with higher concentrations leading to a decrease in pH. PSMPs negatively impacted soil health by increasing EC and decreasing OM, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). EDDS had potential applications in soil remediation and phytoremediation by decreasing EC and increasing N, P, and K. The interaction between EDDS and PSMPs suggests that their effects on soil pH may be modulated by each other. The study highlights the potential negative impacts of high concentrations of PS on soil health and the potential benefits of using EDDS at lower concentrations in soil remediation and phytoremediation. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and environmental impacts of EDDS and the combined effects of EDDS and PSMPs on soil properties and plant growth.

Proposing a matrix transform method to solve a fractional partial differential equation is the main aim of this paper. The main model can be transferred to a partial-integro differential equation (PIDE) with a weakly singular kernel. The spatial direction is approximated by a fourth-order difference scheme. Also, the temporal derivative is discretized via a second-order numerical procedure. First, the spatial derivatives are approximated by a fourth-order operator to compute the second-order derivatives. This process produces a system of differential equations related to the time variable. Then, the Crank–Nicolson idea is utilized to achieve a full-discrete scheme. The kernel of the integral term is discretized by using the Lagrange polynomials to overcome its singularity. Subsequently, we prove the convergence and stability of the new difference scheme by utilizing the Rayleigh–Ritz theorem. Finally, some numerical examples in one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases are presented to verify the theoretical results.

Exposure of aquatic organisms to organophosphorus pollutants is a subject of keen interest to biologists and environmental scientists. Examining histopathological changes in the tissues of exposed animals can provide great insights to understand the health condition of the organisms. This study examined the effects of malathion concentration and exposure time on the liver and gill tissues of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a laboratory condition and tried to provide a quantitative assessment for the analysis of these effects. The experiment was conducted in three treatments including 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 mg/L of malathion for 1, 5, and 9 days with a nonexposed group as control, in three replicates. The liver and gill samples were fixed in buffered formalin. About 5 µ tissue sections were prepared using the conventional histological methods and stained using the hematoxylin–eosin method. Histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues were quantified by grading and the resulting data were analyzed by rank-based estimation. The results showed that histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues are more affected by the malathion concentration than by the duration of the exposure. However, longer exposure had an intensifying effect on the tissue damage caused by the malathion at higher concentrations. The presence of melanomacrophages as an indicator of malathion toxicity was determined. The fish exposed to 0.075 mg/L malathion for 9 days showed atrophy in the liver and gill tissues, indicating cell death and functional inactivation. Histopathological changes in the liver and gills confirmed the dose-dependent effect of malathion on the rainbow trout.

By increasing the photovoltaic (PV) systems capacity worldwide, the requirement for a fast, reliable, and efficient control system is becoming more crucial. To this end, model predictive control (MPC) is known as one of the potential solutions. Although MPC is an easily implemented control system, it needs a high computational complexity due to the dependency on solving an iterative optimization problem. To overcome this problem, this study develops an artificial intelligence‐based on one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D‐CNN) based MPCs. While 1D‐CNN benefits from the inherent strong feature extraction/selection capability and lower computational complexity than other deep methods, it still cannot properly track the dynamic changes due to fixed weights during the training process. Thus, this paper integrates the dynamic weighting training process and proposed dynamic weighing 1D‐CNN for the implementation of intelligent MPC for the PVs. The numerical results based on different load types show an efficient performance of the proposed system and verify the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with the conventional MPC and several state‐of‐the‐arts shallow and deep based MPC for the PVs in terms of the total harmonic distortion (THD) and frequency switching.

Temperature, time, and pH all have an impact on Basil seed gum (BSG) oxidation yield, resulting in distinct molecular weight parts. By linking proteins to these sections, ideal emulsifiers with desirable molecular weight and emulsification capacity can be created. The Maillard reaction was used in the current study to investigate if the emulsifying properties of chemically modified Soy protein isolate (SPI) with BSG might be improved under some natural pH conditions at 90 °C, factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design at a confidence level of 95%. The obtained oil-in-water emulsions that had been stabilized by the conjugate of the two applied biopolymers were subjected to evaluation for stability, related rheology, and morphology by mentioning the droplet size, related emulsifying activity (EAI), emulsifying stability (ESI), as well as related creaming indices. In comparison to using SPI and the two biopolymer mixture, the conjugate stabilized emulsion subsequently showed smaller mean droplet sizes and lower creaming index values; this may have been more important in stabilizing the emulsion obtained, particularly when pH was close to the associated isoelectric point of the SPI or those emulsions that were heated from 30 to 90 °C. Additionally, the produced SPI–BSG conjugate's EAI, ESI, and emulsion viscosity significantly outweighed those of the SPI–BSG conjugate and SPI. The Maillard reaction under consideration may be viewed as an extremely promising approach for enhancing the SPI's emulsifying capabilities for the food application.

This paper uses Müntz orthogonal functions to numerically solve the fractional Bagley–Torvik equation with initial and boundary conditions. Müntz orthogonal functions are defined on the interval 0 , 1 and have simple and distinct real roots on this interval. For the function f ∈ L 2 0 , 1 , we obtain the best unique approximation using Müntz orthogonal functions. We obtain the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator for Müntz orthogonal functions so that we can reduce the complexity of calculations and increase the speed of solving the problem, which can be seen in the process of running the Maple program. To solve the fractional Bagley–Torvik equation with initial and boundary conditions, we use Müntz orthogonal functions and consider simple and distinct real roots of Müntz orthogonal functions as collocation points. By using the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator that we define for the Müntz orthogonal functions, the process of numerically solving the fractional Bagley–Torvik equation that is solved using Müntz orthogonal functions is reduced, and finally, we reach a system of algebraic equations. By solving algebraic equations and obtaining the vector of unknowns, the fractional Bagley–Torvik equation is solved using Müntz orthogonal functions, and the error value of the method can be calculated. The low error value of this numerical solution method shows the high accuracy of this method. With the help of the Müntz functions, we obtain the error bound for the approximation of the function. We have obtained the error bounds for the numerical method using which we solved the fractional Bagley–Torvik equation with initial and boundary conditions. Finally, we have given a numerical example to show the accuracy of the solution of the method presented in this paper. The results of solving this example using Müntz orthogonal functions and comparing the results with other methods that have been used the solve this example show the higher accuracy of the method proposed in this paper.

The purpose of this narrative review is to emphasize the importance of food consumption and meal selection on mental health and brain function, including psychological and behavioral reactions such as mood, loving relationships, violence, and criminal activity. Additionally, by being aware of the link between food and mental health, the community can be encouraged to make informed food choices in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes like criminality. Food behaviors are shifting significantly over the world. There are also significant changes in mood, sadness, happiness, and violence, as well as the spread of the variety and severity of mental diseases that lead to violent acts. Food intake and meal selection have evolved over the last ten years as the variety and accessibility of food options have become easier and more diverse. These modifications might have both beneficial and bad consequences. This article examines the relationship between food intake and its impact on marital satisfaction. The goal of this review is to support or refute the claim that food influences mood, love, or criminal behavior, or vice versa. Various diets can have an impact on one’s mental health and brain, influencing psychological reactions and behavioral responses such as mood, loving relationships, violence, and even criminal activity. Food insecurity has been demonstrated in various studies to have a negative impact on health and psychological well-being, leading to despair, loss of happiness, marital conflict, and violence. For example, herbal extracts and flavonoids have the potential to improve gut microbiota and treat mood disorders. Understanding how the gut–brain axis communicates might help guide interventions for mood and cognitive function. Since the root of most diseases and behaviors is significantly related to the type of food consumed, this research addresses this issue in order to reduce the cost of treatment and prevention of crime and delinquency at the community level by consciously choosing the food consumed by the society. In other words, prevention is always better than cure.

Paraquat (PQ) is a commercially important and effective herbicide in the world. Nevertheless, it has higher toxicity causing acute organ damage and different complications, mainly in the lungs and kidneys. Ferulic acid (FA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid imposes multiple pharmacological impacts. No protective effect of FA on PQ poisoning-caused human embryonic lung fibroblast damage has not been reported. Despite their many beneficial effects, FA is characterized by poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and phytochemical instability. To solve the problem, β-cyclodextrin nanosponge (β-CD NSs) was utilized to increase the solubility of FA so that it was grafted into β-CD NSs to establish β-CD@FA NSs. The purpose of this work was to examine for the first time the protective effect of β-CD@FA NS on MRC-5 human lung cells damages induced by PQ poisoning. MTS assay was performed to investigate the viability of MRC-5 cells at different concentrations of FA/β-CD@FA NSs when cells were co-cultured with 0.2 μg/mL PQ. The flow cytometry study was carried out to determine apoptosis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were detected using appropriate biochemistry kits. Compared with the PQ group, the cell activity, CAT, and SOD levels were significantly increased in the FA and chiefly in β-CD@FA NSs intervention groups, whereas apoptosis and MDA levels were markedly decreased. The inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 22 (IL-22) were detected. The results demonstrate that β-CD@FA NSs can inhibit PQ-induced cell damage by enhancing antioxidant stress capacity and regulation of inflammatory responses.

Applying the maximum separable distance (MDS) matrices is one of the most common approaches to meet diffusion layer in modern block ciphers. Using Cauchy and extensions of Cauchy matrices are classical methods to generate MDS matrices. In this paper, using generalized Cauchy matrices, an approach to construct MDS matrices is proposed so that if \({{\textbf {A}}}\) is an MDS matrix constructed with the proposed approach and \({{\textbf {B}}}\) is a \(3\times 3\) sub-matrix of \({{\textbf {A}}}\), then interesting connections between the entries of \({{\textbf {B}}}\) are introduced. More precisely, every element of the matrix \({{\textbf {B}}}\) can be uniquely determined by eight other entries of \({{\textbf {B}}}\). Moreover, using generalized Cauchy matrices and also applying the proposed approach, some common forms of MDS matrices such as Hadamard, circulant and MDS matrices with maximum entries equal to the unit element, have been investigated.

Data mining provides various frequent pattern mining methods to help business owners identify items with frequency or utility values greater than a particular threshold. Conversely, in the stock markets with a wide variety of stocks, a major challenge for buyers is to choose a set of items whose total price is less than their budget. In addition, many investors take into account the liquidity of the stock shares, which can return their capital at any time. However, the existing pattern mining techniques do not offer an appropriate solution to address this challenge. Therefore, the proposed framework tries to offer a set of stocks as a liquid purchasing portfolio by using pattern mining techniques and analyzing stock market data. First, by introducing the Ranking Tables, it explores stocks with the highest trading value that can be traded over time. Second, a new algorithm based on multivariate time series data is devised for mining frequent items that aims at selecting the maximum number of stocks whose buyers’ power is greater than their sellers’ power simultaneously. In addition, using stock prediction techniques, profitable stocks are identified and offered by considering the user’s budget. The framework was compared with FTPM, FPTMwEVL, and MTS-FPM, frequent itemset mining algorithms on time-series data. In addition, it was evaluated in different aspects, like liquidity and profitability within the market. The results of the experiments indicate that this framework offers four times more liquidity as well as 60% more profitability over time compared to the whole market.