Recent publications
Introducción:
El manejo de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado incluye antibióticos de acción intraluminal. Diferentes estudios han explorado el papel de los probióticos en el manejo del sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado, sin embargo, no se ha establecido con certeza la utilidad de esta terapia.
Objetivo:
Evaluar la eficacia de probióticos en el manejo del sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado.
Materiales y métodos:
Realizamos búsquedas sistemáticas utilizando términos relevantes (MESH y no MESH) en las bases de datos CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, actas de congresos, Plataforma de registros internacionales de ensayos clínicos (ICTRP) y ClinicalTrials.gov. en inglés o español hasta enero de 2023 que evaluaran la efectividad de probióticos en el manejo de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado. Incluimos ensayos controlados de probióticos vs. placebo y probióticos vs. antibióticos, para el control de síntomas y normalización de prueba de hidrogeno expirado en pacientes adultos con sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado. Dos autores evaluaron y extrajeron los datos de forma independiente. Se recopiló información sobre métodos, participantes, intervenciones y resolución de SIBO por test de hidrogeno expirado, o control de síntomas. Cuando fue apropiado se calcularon las razones de riesgos (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane de evaluación del riesgo de sesgo.
Resultados:
Se encontraron un total de 18 ensayos clínicos; uno de casos y controles, dos ensayos cruzados, y un ensayo clínico de un solo brazo. En total de 14 ensayos clínicos con grupo control de los cuales 9 fueron aleatorizados los cuales recopilan información de 496 pacientes tratados con probióticos y 480 controles. De estos, 6 ensayos clínicos compararon probióticos (n=122) contra placebo (n=104), debido a la falta de uniformidad en los reportes del desenlace, solo fue posible incluir en el metaanálisis tres estudios encontrando efecto a favor de probióticos en cuanto a la resolución de SIBO por test de hidrogeno expirado (OR=0,3, IC95%, 0,3-1,0). Los estudios presentaron elevada heterogeneidad y riesgo alto de sesgos.
Conclusiones:
Empleando la metodología GRADE, encontramos evidencia clínica baja a favor del empleo de probióticos en comparación con placebo para la resolución de SIBO.
Simple Summary
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) represents a significant threat as a zoonosis, particularly in areas with notable pastoral economies. bTB can also result in human infections. Despite its importance, Colombia lacks comprehensive analyses of its prevalence, with no publications utilising geographic information systems (GIS) to understand its spread. This study takes a novel approach to fill this gap, characterising the temporal and spatial distribution of bTB in the country from 2001 to 2019 using GIS-based maps. This innovative method is pivotal in comprehending the temporal and spatial dynamics of zoonotic diseases in Colombia, as bTB exemplifies, underscoring its implications for both Human and One Health approaches.
Abstract
Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease of significant impact, particularly in countries where a pastoral economy is predominant. Despite its importance, few studies have analysed the disease’s behaviour in Colombia, and none have developed maps using geographic information systems (GIS) to characterise it; as such, we developed this study to describe the temporal–spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis in Colombia over a period of 19 years. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, based on reports by the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), surveillance of tuberculosis on cattle farms in Colombia from 2001 to 2019 was carried out. The data were converted into databases using Microsoft Access 365®, and multiple epidemiological maps were generated with the QGIS® version 3.36 software coupled to shape files of all the country’s departments. Results: During the study period, 5273 bovine tuberculosis cases were identified in multiple different departments of Colombia (with a mean of 278 cases/year). Regarding its temporal distribution, the number of cases varied from a maximum of 903 cases (17.12% of the total) in 2015 to a minimum of 0 between 2001 and 2004 and between 2017 and 2019 (between 2005 and 2016, the minimum was 46 cases, 0.87%). Conclusions: GIS are essential for understanding the temporospatial behaviour of zoonotic diseases in Colombia, as is the case for bovine tuberculosis, with its potential implications for the Human and One Health approaches.
In accordance with recent developments of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the policies promoted by the Subcommittee on Geodesy of the United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM), a main goal of the Geodetic Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS) is the procurement of an integrated regional reference frame. This frame should support the precise determination of geocentric coordinates and also provide a unified physical reference frame for gravimetry, physical heights, and a geoid. The geometric reference frame is determined by a network of about 500 continuously operating GNSS stations, which are routinely processed by ten analysis centers. The GNSS solutions from the analysis centers are used to generate weekly station positions aligned to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) and multi-year (cumulative) reference frame solutions. This processing is also the basis for the generation of precise tropospheric zenith path delays with an hourly sampling rate over the Americas. The reference frame for the determination of physical heights is a regional densification of the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF). Current efforts focus on the estimation and evaluation of potential values obtained from high resolution gravity field modelling, an activity tightly coupled with geoid determination. The gravity reference frame aims to be a regional densification of the International Terrestrial Gravity Reference Frame (ITGRF). Thus, SIRGAS activities are focused on evaluating the quality of existing absolute gravity stations and to identify regional gaps where additional absolute gravity stations are needed. Another main goal of SIRGAS is to promote the use of its geodetic reference frame at the national level and to support capacity building activities in the region. This paper summarizes key milestones in the establishment and maintenance of the SIRGAS reference frame and discusses current efforts and future challenges.
Artificial intelligence methods using unsupervised learning tools can support problem solving by establishing unidentified grouping or classification patterns that allow typing subgroups for more individualized management. There are few studies that allow us to know the influence of digestive and extra-digestive symptoms in the classification of functional dyspepsia. This research carried out a cluster unsupervised learning analysis based on these symptoms to discriminate subtypes of dyspepsia and compare with one of the currently most accepted classifications. An exploratory cluster analysis was carried out in adults with functional dyspepsia according to digestive, extra-digestive and emotional symptoms. Grouping patterns were formed in such a way that within each group there was homogeneity in terms of the values adopted by each variable. The cluster analysis method was two-stage and the results of the classification pattern were compared with one of the most accepted classifications of functional dyspepsia. Of 184 cases, 157 met the inclusion criteria. The cluster analysis excluded 34 unclassifiable cases. Patients with type 1 dyspepsia (cluster one) presented improvement after treatment in 100% of cases, only a minority presented depressive symptoms. Patients with type 2 dyspepsia (cluster two) presented a higher probability of failure to treatment with proton pump inhibitor, suffered more frequently from sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, fibromyalgia, physical limitations or chronic pain of a non-digestive nature. This classification of dyspepsia by cluster analysis establishes a more holistic vision of dyspepsia in which extradigestive characteristics, affective symptoms, presence or absence of sleep disorders and chronic pain allow discriminating behavior and response to first-line management.
The paper studies tries to investigate the dynamics of growth and transformation resulting from the application of neoliberal style policies in the city of Bogotá, valuing the morphological changes produced in the last decades. With special emphasis on the residential developments of formal housing and on the reproduction of urban renewal and commercial infrastructure projects inserted in the global circuits of the flexible accumulation regime such as shopping centers. The end result is the increase in the fragmentation and privatization of urban space from both a physical and socio-economic perspective.
Contexto:
La política pública de Catastro Multipropósito necesita consolidar información inmobiliaria de diferentes fuentes para su análisis, tales como ofertas, transacciones y costos de construcción, entre otros. Las páginas web inmobiliarias forman parte de estas fuentes de información, aunque no han sido incluidas en el análisis comercial. Considerando lo anterior, es necesario revisar una metodología que permita acceder de forma óptima a estas plataformas web y facilite el análisis de las variables que allí se proveen, que son determinantes para el valor comercial de un inmueble. Se realiza un caso de estudio en tres ciudades colombianas: Fusagasugá, Manizales y Villavicencio.
Método:
El método se desarrolla en dos etapas (i) web scraping. que permite obtener los enlaces de la información de páginas web inmobiliarias y descargar sus datos, y (ii) el análisis de datos inmobiliarios mediante el desarrollo de un flujo de trabajo que inicia con la exploración y la limpieza de los datos, continúa con el pre-modelado y finaliza con el modelado de las variables de interés en la determinación del valor de los bienes inmuebles usando técnicas de machine learning.
Resultados:
A partir de la aplicación de técnicas de machine learning, fue posible automatizar la recolección, la limpieza, el almacenamiento y el análisis de datos inmobiliarios provenientes de plataformas web, así como delinear dos modelos (Ridge Regression y Random Forest) que, de acuerdo, con su error porcentual medio absoluto (0,34 y 0,35 respectivamente), permiten predecir el valor comercial de un inmueble considerando variables explicativas internas y externas.
Conclusiones:
Obtener y analizar los datos inmobiliarios de fuentes alternativas como las plataformas web a través de desarrollos tecnológicos contribuye significativamente a atender la alta demanda de información del catastro del país. No obstante, es necesario ampliar el suministro de esta información a los ámbitos rurales, que cuentan con menos acceso y disponibilidad de la misma.
La Subdirección de Agrología del Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC), a través del Grupo Interno de Trabajo de Interpretación, realizó la zonificación geomorfológica escala 1:25.000 del Departamento del Cesar (Colombia) siguiendo la metodología propuesta por el IGAC, la cual se basa en un sistema de clasificación geomorfológico jerarquizado aplicado para los levantamientos de suelos. La metodología utilizada en el proceso de elaborar la cartografía geomorfológica para suelos proporcionó un referente técnico que permitió identificar y delimitar las geoformas a la escala semidetallada de manera estandarizada para las diferentes regiones del Departamento del Cesar. Para la interpretación se utilizaron técnicas de estereoscopía digital a partir de bloques fotogramétricos y ortofotomosaicos generados con aerofotografías. Así mismo,se utilizaron productos derivados de Modelos Digitales de Elevación, cartografía básica y temática e imágenes ópticas multiespectrales, proporcionadas por el banco nacional de imágenes administrado por el IGAC. La zonificación geomorfológica realizada mostró la presencia de cinco paisajes geomorfológicos: la montaña de relieve abrupto, el piedemonte situado en su base, el lomerío constituido por relieves bajos dispersos, el valle con sus depósitos aluviales alargados y la planicie formada por extensos planos aluviales asociados al Río Magdalena. Las geoformas identificadas están constituidas principalmente por sedimentos clásticos transportados y por alteritas de diferentes tipos de rocas. La configuración del relieve actual se considera fuertemente relacionada con los cambios climáticos ocurridos en el Cuaternario y especialmente en el Holoceno, debido a los cambios del nivel del mar que afectaron el Caribe colombiano.
La evaluación de la exactitud temática (EETM), en la cartografía temática, constituye un indicador de confiabilidad del producto generado mediante el reconocimiento del medio biofísico. Sin embargo, aunque existen varias investigaciones y desarrollos alrededor de la EETM, especialmente orientadas a la cartografía de cobertura y uso de la tierra, existen otros tópicos como la geomorfología que requiere profundizar en este tipo de valoración. En esta investigación, se desarrolló una propuesta metodológica para la EETM de la cartografía geomorfológica, que comprendió dos componentes generales 1. Temático y 2. Estadístico, que incluyeron varios procesos como la revisión y selección de insumos de sensores remotos y cartografía temática a escala 1:25.000, la activación del ambiente de control de calidad para la capa de geomorfología, la realización del diseño de muestreo estadístico, la verificación de la exactitud temática, y la generación y análisis de una matriz de confusión. Los resultados obtenidos en esta iniciativa brindan una alternativa para realizar la verificación temática de los productos que se generen con base en variables estadísticas y proporciona una métrica de la confiablidad de los mapas geomorfológicos que garantice a los usuarios finales (internos y externos) su calidad y usabilidad, así mismo facilita los procesos de verificación de la cartografía geomorfológica.
The Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth ( Choloepus hoffmanni ) is a species which could potentially be evaluated as threatened, but data on its natural history in wild conditions are still insufficient. The diet in wildlife of C. hoffmanni was studied through of microhistological analysis of indigestible fragments of leaves found in 43 feces samples collected of the 47 samples found in an Andean forest reserve south of Bogotá, Colombia. Four samples were highly decomposed and were not collected. A reference collection was made of 29 tree species where the feces were found or two-toed sloth were observed, to compare with the plant fragments found in the feces. Seventeen species and six fragments of foliar epidermis of undetermined species were identified in sloth diet. Based on this analysis, C. hoffmanni is a generalist folivore, ingesting a wide variety of plant leaves. Based on frequency of occurrence, relative frequency, and percent cover by volume, Brunellia sibundoya, Cordia cylindrostachya, Citharexylum sp. , Quercus humboldtii, and Clethra fagifolia made up most (74%) of the diet of C. hoffmanni in an Andean forest. Comparing the plant species found in the feces with the reference collection, C. hoffmanni appears to deposit feces at the base of the trees that it consumes.
Despite its low water- and cation-retention capacity, rice husk is the most common substrate in soilless cultures (SLC) in Colombia; however, its availability has decreased due to the diversification of its use. The most relevant chemical and physical properties of eleven organic substrates and seven minerals were characterized to determine their feasibility of use, safety, and stability as alternative materials. The results indicate that the pH of perlite and pumice is over the appropriate range, just like the electrical conductivity of ground brick and pressed dry palm leave. Perlite has a high potassium concentration, while vermiculite is rich in iron and coconut crop-derived materials, zeolite, and pumice in sodium. The coconut substrate shows a higher cationic exchange capacity than river sand. Together with coal slag, ground brick, and zeolite, river sand has high bulk density. Except for rice husk, all organic materials have an optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio. Vermiculite has a high total chromium content, while other substrates have low levels of heavy metals. In conclusion, the substrates’ best characteristics can be used to prepare mixtures and obtain suitable material to establish SLC systems.
Las duplicaciones del tracto gastrointestinal son malformaciones congénitas poco frecuentes que pueden afectar cualquier segmento del tubo digestivo. Suelen presentarse en los primeros dos años de vida con síntomas de pobre ganancia de peso y masa abdominal palpable o pueden ser asintomáticos hasta la adultez. Reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 37 años que fue evaluado por epigastralgia y antecedente de hemorragia digestiva superior. La endoscopia alta reveló lesión subepitelial en fundus gástrico ulcerada con sospecha diagnóstica de tumor del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST). El ultrasonido endoscópico confirmó masa gástrica con focos de necrosis y calcificación, compatible con tumor estromal . Se realizó resección gástrica distal en cuña sin complicaciones. El informe de patología señaló duplicación gástrica.
Gastrointestinal tract duplications are rare congenital malformations that can affect any segment of the digestive tract. They usually occur in the first two years of life with symptoms of poor weight gain and palpable abdominal mass or may be asymptomatic until adulthood. We report the case of a 37-year-old male patient who was evaluated for epigastralgia and a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. High endoscopy revealed ulcerated subepithelial lesion in gastric fundus with diagnostic suspicion of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Endoscopic ultrasound confirmed gastric mass with foci of necrosis and calcification, compatible with stromal tumor type GIST. Distal gastric resection was performed in wedge without complications. The pathology report noted gastric duplication.
Pese a su gran importancia ecológica y económica, la información sobre los cefalópodos es exigua, en especial, sobre sus paralarvas, particularmente, en el Océano Pacífico Colombiano (OPC), por lo tanto, se evaluó su abundancia y distribución en los periodos 23/jun-12/jul/01, 27/ago-15/sep/01, 03-22/sep/02, 01-21/sep/03 y 18/sep-08/oct/04. Los organismos, se pescaron en la superficie con una red cónica (Ø= 50cm, longitud 1,85m, poro 363μm). Los datos de temperatura y de salinidad se obtuvieron con una sonda CTD. Se identificaron Ommastrephidae (66,3%), Ancistrocheiridae-Ancistrocheirus lesueuri (14,2%) (primer registro específico paralarval para el OPC), Cranchiidae (1,5%), Enoploteuthidae, Gonatidae, Octopodidae, Onycoteuthidae y Pyroteuthidae (≤0,5%). Las paralarvas recien eclosionadas (≤2,0mm) abarcaron todo el OPC, indicando su relevancia como área de desove, especialmente, en aguas neríticas. El menor tamaño al eclosionar, se podría deber a las mayores temperaturas en el OPC que en otras latitudes del Pacífico Americano. La distribución meso-escalar pudo estar mediada, en principio, por el giro geostrófico, la Corriente Sur Ecuatorial y la Corriente de Colombia. El Niño-moderado, quizás influyó en la aparición exclusiva de Ommastrephidae durante el periodo 03-22/sep/02. El predominio nocturno (83,2 vs. 16,8% día), se atribuyó a las migraciones verticales de las paralarvas. La variabilidad de estos hallazgos pudo estar relacionada con los cambios ambientales inter-anuales, enmarcados en la gran complejidad ambiental del OPC y otros factores no sopesados, como la disponibilidad de alimento y la depredación.
La gestión de la información para representar distancias y altimetrías encontradas en los mapas de ruta permite visibilizar datos por medio de tablas, gráficas, fotografías, perfiles e imágenes. A partir de lo anterior surge el siguiente interrogante: ¿Es clara la información de distancias y altimetría en los mapas de ruta para un grupo de usuarios de varios niveles? Para dar respuesta en este artículo se propone un ejercicio investigativo de tipo mixto, en el que se utilizó material cartográfico en formato análogo de cuadros de distancias y perfiles de altimetría de los mapas de ruta Bogotá-Medellín y una encuesta semiestructurada. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la lectura en los mapas de ruta de la vía Bogotá-Medellín de 1997, 2006 y 2010 realizada por un grupo de usuarios e indagar la claridad, dificultad y formas de
lectura de los cuadros de distancias y perfiles de altimetría.
El objeto de este artículo es analizar los cambios que ha tenido la cobertura de la tierra en el occidente de la laguna de La Cocha, desde al año de 1989 hasta 2016, usando la metodología Corine Land Cover y, a su vez, relacionándola con los escenarios que presenta Víctor Toledo sobre el metabolismo social, en los cuales están presentes los siguientes ambientes: Medioambiente Utilizado (MAU), Medioambiente Transformado (MAT) y Medioambiente Conservado (MAC). En la laguna de La Cocha existen diferentes tipos de ecosistemas: el páramo, la selva altoandina y el humedal. Ecosistemas que ofrecen a la comunidad servicios de abastecimiento, regulación hídrica y servicios culturales. Motivos que han llevado a que estos sean alterados, siendo el cambio de la cobertura de la tierra una de dichas alteraciones.
En los resultados se identificaron diecinueve tipos de cobertura para el año de 1989 y veintiún tipos de cobertura para el año 2016, de igual manera se identificaron once tipos de cambio. Estos tipos de cambio se encuentran directamente relacionados con causas proximales y adyacentes o, dicho de otra manera, con factores que inciden para que se presenten aquellos cambios de cobertura. De este modo, en estos 27 años analizados, se observa una disminución del MAC y el MAU. Por tanto, el MAT ha tenido un aumento, principalmente por factores vinculados a la violencia, las políticas deficientes, la escasez de proyectos y la ausencia de asesoría técnica para los campesinos.
The daily images produced by the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites have been widely used to monitor global vegetation. Using these data, the Earth Observing System operated by U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed a variety of MODIS products focused on the monitoring and evaluation of vegetation condition. These products have three possible sources of variation that can affect the sensitivity of vegetation detection: 1) orbital and mechanical differences between MODIS sensors aboard Aqua or Terra, 2) the preprocessing algorithms used to generate multitemporal cloud-free mosaics (MAIAC or original MODIS algorithm), and/or 3) post processing algorithms applied by users to optimize vegetation index values derived from temporal sequences of imagery. We evaluated these sources of variation by comparing the results of a vegetation classification for two different ecoregions. The accuracies of vegetation classifications utilizing either the Aqua or Terra MODIS sensors, the MAIAC or original MODIS preprocessing algorithms, and two common post processing techniques (Asymmetric Gaussian or Savitzky and Golay function) were compared to determine which set of techniques or sensors yielded the best results. The ecoregions we chose to use were the Great Basin of North America and Chocó-Darien of South America. We compared four different MODIS data products (MOD13Q1, MYD13Q1, MOD09Q1, and MYD09Q1) as predictor variables using Random Forest as the classification algorithm to generate a land cover map. We found that the accuracy of the vegetation classifications (using Kappa as measure of accuracy) changed significantly depending on the MODIS platform (Terra or Aqua), the preprocessing algorithm (MAIAC or MODIS), and the two postprocessing algorithms for both ecoregions. Our result suggest that comparative analyses are needed to optimize the results when equivalent MODIS products are used in vegetation detection and classification.
Introduction
Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression.
Objective
To characterise sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms.
Methodology
A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study.
Results
36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict.
Conclusions
The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.
Tropical rain forests are suffering the highest deforestation and reforestation ever recorded. Interactions between direct (proximate or direct causes) and indirect (underling or indirect causes) drivers could cluster these forest cover changes forming hotspots (areas that exhibit significant spatial correlation of deforestation or reforestation transitions). Using land use–land cover maps and global (I) and local (Ii) Moran's tests, we identified these hotspots in the Chocó‐Darien Global Ecoregion (CGE) of South America, a natural region that was declared one of the top 25 hotspots for conservation priorities in the world. Subsequently, we tested and studied the effects and interactions between deforestation and reforestation hotspots and their direct and indirect drivers using Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (Bayesian SEM). We found that deforestation and reforestation were spatially auto‐correlated forming hotspots (I = 0.49, P = 0.001 for deforestation transitions and I = 0.48, P = 0.001 for reforestation transitions). Also, hotspots of deforestation and reforestation were auto‐correlated within municipality borders (I = 0.5, P = 0.001 for deforestation transitions; I = 0.49, P = 0.001 for reforestation transitions). Eighteen municipalities located on the border between Colombia and Ecuador showed significant aggregations of deforestation hotspots, while thirty‐four municipalities in three areas of Colombia and the area between the Colombian and Ecuadorian border showed significant clustering of reforestation hotspots. Eleven of these municipalities presented significant clustering of both reforestation and deforestation hotspots. The Bayesian SEM for deforestation showed that population growth and road density were indirect drivers of deforestation hotspots (0.191 and 0.127 standard deviation units). The Bayesian SEM for reforestation found that armed conflicts, Gross Domestic Product, and average annual rain were indirect drivers related to reforestation hotspots (0.228, 0.076, and 0.081 standard deviation units, respectively). Our assessment shows a novel methodology to study interactions among direct and indirect drivers of forest change and their potential dissimilar effects on forest transitions.
Institution pages aggregate content on ResearchGate related to an institution. The members listed on this page have self-identified as being affiliated with this institution. Publications listed on this page were identified by our algorithms as relating to this institution. This page was not created or approved by the institution. If you represent an institution and have questions about these pages or wish to report inaccurate content, you can contact us here.
Information
Address
Bogotá, Colombia