Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso
Recent publications
Roadkill poses a critical threat to wildlife and can cause the extinction of local populations. In this context, analyzing roadkill patterns could provide valuable insight into the severity of the threat, particularly in protected areas. We collected roadkill data for 16 months around the Chapada Diamantina National Park (PNCD) in Bahia, Brazil, to study the spatiotemporal distribution of roadkill across different tourist and climatic seasons. Moreover, the influence of landscape and highway characteristics on roadkill hotspots was analyzed, as well as their association with the protected area. In all, 580 roadkill consisting of 182 amphibians (31.4%), 185 reptiles (32.0%), 143 birds (24.6%), and 70 mammals (12.0%) were recorded. Of the sample, five species of amphibians, 20 species of reptiles, 36 species of birds, and 14 species of mammals were identified. The abundance and richness of roadkill were not statistically different between seasons. However, only herpetofauna richness and abundance for the amphibians (richness: p = 0.0053; W = 826, abundance: p = 0.000956; W = 754) and reptiles (richness: p = 0.0000259; W = 595, abundance: p = 0.00000165; W = 512) were statistically different and greater in the rainy season. The aggregation and number of roadkill hotspots change for each taxonomic group, which reveals that different variables are influencing this process. Most roadkill hotspots were outside the PNCD, and less than 30% of all roadkill hotspots were inside the PNCD. We emphasize the importance of analyzing the taxonomic groups separately to obtain better estimates and results and better understand the influence of roadkill on protected areas.
The order Piroplasmida (e.g., Babesia, Theileria, Cytauxzoon, and Rangelia) and suborder Adelorina (e.g., Hepatozoon) comprise protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa, which are related to significant economic, veterinary, and medical concerns. This study aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence and evaluate the phylogenetic placement of the Hepatozoon and Piroplasmida agents in small mammals (rodents and marsupials) in midwestern Brazil. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference positioned the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) sequences of Hepatozoon obtained from Hylaeamys megacephalus with those previously detected in Didelphis aurita from Brazil; however, the sequences of Hepatozoon retrieved from Nectomys rattus and Neacomys amoenus clustered in a sub-clade sister to a clade of sequences detected in small rodents from Brazil. Phylogenetic inference positioned the piroplasmid 18S rRNA sequences detected in Thrichomys pachyurus in a single sub-clade sister to a clade containing sequences previously detected in the Phyllostomidae bat Phyllostomus discolor from midwestern Brazil. In contrast, the piroplasmid cytochrome b mitochondrial gene (cytB) sequences obtained from T. pachyurus clustered into a single clade. In conclusion, a new host record is provided for Hepatozoon spp. from the rodent N. amoenus. Furthermore, this study expanded the Piroplasmida order diversity by identifying novel genotypes in T. pachyurus rodents, which were genetically related to the piroplasmid clade found in Neotropical bats and named herein the “South American Rodentia group.”
The Cerrado is a diverse ecosystem, with different types of vegetation which result from its topography, varied climate, and vast territory. These variations include various vegetation formations, such as the ‘veredas’. Veredas are found in constantly moist hydromorphic soils, surrounded by ‘campo limpo’ vegetation. In the Cerrado, ants play an crucial role in the energy and biomass flow withinterrestrial ecosystems, as well as in the evolution of community structure. Recognizing the need to inventory and understand the composition of ant fauna in veredas, this study aimed to characterize the ant fauna in Vereda areas, with the expectation that composition and ecological metrics would differ from Cerrado areas and across seasons. Collections were conducted in Vereda, Transition, and Cerrado areas within the Dom Osório Stoffell State Park, located in southern Mato Grosso state, using sardine oil baits as attractants. Fifteen plots were established in each environment type, totaling 180 baits (in both soil and vegetation) exposed for one hour each during the dry and rainy seasons. A total of sixty-seven ant species were recorded, with species richness of 44 (H′ = 3.18) in the Cerrado, 46 (H′ = 3.14) in the transition area, and 43 (H′ = 3.01) in the veredas. No significant difference in species richness was observed between seasons. However differences in species composition were found both across environments t and between dry and rainy seasons, reflecting the biology of the taxonomic groups present in each area.
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease that causes hematological changes in dogs. This study investigated the correlations between hematological and hemorheological parameters, serum proteins, and triglycerides in dogs with CME. Fifty-nine blood and/or bone marrow samples were collected from dogs with or without clinical signs of CME. Blood samples preserved with EDTA were subjected to rheological analysis to investigate blood viscosity. Fourteen dogs with Ehrlichia canis infection (CME group) and 20 without clinical signs and E. canis infection (CG) were selected by qPCR based on Ecaj_0503 gene. The blood viscosity of the infected dogs (CMEG) was lower than that of the control group (CG). The mean values and standard error of erythrocytes (CG: 6.71 ± 0.20; CMEG: 4.82 ± 0.23), platelets (CG: 235.6 ± 15.67; CMEG: 151.07 ± 16.51), and albumin (CG: 3.04 ± 0.15; CMEG: 2.65 ± 0.12) in the infected dogs were lower (p<0.005) than those in the control group. The decrease in erythrocytes influenced the decrease in blood viscosity. Total protein, albumin and triglycerides levels correlated with blood viscosity in infected dogs. Overall, this study shows that dogs with CME have decreased blood viscosity primarily due to anemia and interactions with negative acute-phase proteins.
In recent years, agricultural production systems have intensified, making it necessary to improve the food supplied to animals, where sorghum silage is one of the most commonly used roughages. The sorghum genotypes present significant differences in dry matter losses, fermentative profiles and nutritional values, allowing the identification of materials with high potential for producing high-quality silages that meet the dietary demands of ruminants and are recommended for use. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate silages from 15 sorghum genotypes for different purposes to identify materials that could be recommended for silage production in the Amazon biome. The experiment was carried out in Sinop/MT to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and chemical composition of the sorghum silages. Fifteen sorghum genotypes, 15F30005, 15F30006, CMSXS 5027, 5030, 5043, 5045, 201934B008, CMSXS 7501, BRS 658, BRS 659, Volumax, BRS 511, BRS Ponta Negra, BRS 716 and AGRI-002E, were ensiled in experimental silos with six replications per treatment. The materials with the highest nutritional value were the commercial varieties BRS 658, BRS 659, and Ponta Negra. The experimental varieties 15F30005, CMSXS 5027, and CMSXS 5030 demonstrated similar nutritional values to the commercial varieties, making them promising candidates for future release, commercialization, and use in animal feed silage.
Biodiesel offers an alternative to fossil fuels, primarily because it is derived from renewable sources, with the potential to mitigate issues such as pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, resource scarcity, and the market instability of petroleum derivatives. However, lower durability and stability pose challenges. To address this, researchers worldwide are exploring technologies that employ specific molecules to slow down biodiesel’s oxidation process, thereby preserving its key physicochemical properties. This study investigates heterocyclic dihydroquinolinone derivatives as potential additives to enhance the oxidative stability of diesel-biodiesel blends. Comprehensive structural and computational analyses were carried out by density functional theory to investigate the reactivity aspects of these compounds as potential additive candidates. The supramolecular arrangements were predominantly stabilized by weak molecular interactions, such as C–H···O and C–H···π, which are associated with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. We demonstrate that these groups can act as electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents. We explored frontier molecular orbitals, which provide insights into chemical reactivity, acidity, basicity, and the best oxidizing and reducing agents. Finally, the molecular chemical potential maps indicate the nucleophilic and electrophilic regions and the Fukui indices show the sites of nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical attacks. This comprehensive study paves the way to understanding how dihydroquinolinone-based compounds serve as alternatives for fuel additives.
Resumo Neste artigo busca-se discutir sobre o papel que a escola desempenha na alienação dos indivíduos. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o funcionamento da sociedade ocorre mediante uma força externa que age, a todo o momento, moldando a consciência das pessoas desde o seu nascimento. Pode-se chamar essa forma de consciência de alienação. Se o ser humano passa uma parte considerável de sua vida no ambiente escolar, é válido pensar que a escola possa ter um papel preponderante na propagação e consolidação dessa alienação. Nesse sentido, o objetivo aqui é apresentar uma análise reflexiva, até certo ponto metafórica, das formas de alienação que constam na obra Manuscritos Econômicos Filosóficos de Karl Marx de 1844 com o que ocorre nos espaços educativos, especialmente em relação ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática. A análise e reflexão levaram a perceber que, por meio da educação matemática, pode-se tentar quebrar parte dessa propagação da alienação. Desse modo, argumenta-se que uma das alternativas seja trabalhar o máximo possível com determinados ambientes de aprendizagem defendidos pela educação matemática crítica.
Historically, sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of Brazil’s main agricultural products, leading the list of producing countries. Sugarcane is thus very important in Brazil, due to the socioeconomic impact of sugar and ethanol production. Phytonematodes are a constant threat to sugarcane cultivation, representing a high-risk and limiting phytosanitary problem for the crop. Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus are the most common genera in these areas. Studies have been carried out in an attempt to use alternative methods in the management of nematodes, aiming to reduce chemical control. Among these alternative measures, the use of resistance-inducing agents and natural nematicides has been explored. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl and neem oil, in the management of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus brachyurus in sugarcane. For this, experiments were carried out in greenhouse conditions. Enzymes involved in plant defense were also evaluated. M. javanica, M. incognita and P. brachyurus showed a reduction in population density as the doses of the resistance inducer and neem oil were increased. At higher doses, the nematode population increased again. The enzymatic activity of peroxidase, chitinase and β-1, 3 glucanase was not influenced by the treatments.
Parasites significantly influence ecosystems by controlling host populations and spreading diseases, thereby impacting ecological balances. In the Neotropics, hematophagous bat flies and mites are common ectoparasites of bats. The state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, hosts a diverse bat fauna across its Amazon Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal habitats. We described bat flies and wing mites associated with bats in an urban area in the Amazon-Cerrado transition. Despite the expected diversity of bat in the study area, we expect to find a low number of ectoparasites species, as urban areas are typically associated with reduced parasite diversity. Bats were captured using mist nets, and ectoparasites collected manually or with tweezers and identified under the stereomicroscope. We found 10 species of ectoparasites (seven bat flies and three wingmites) from 181 bats across 22 species. The study found low ectoparasite diversity, possibly due to the small number of bats captured or the constraints found in the urban environment. Most observed bat-ectoparasite associations were consistent with previous studies, but some unexpected associations suggested possible contamination or transient relationships. This research fills a gap in the knowledge of bat ectoparasites in Mato Grosso, contributing to understanding bat-ectoparasite dynamics in diverse habitats.
In the Amazon rainforest, the replacement of native vegetation by agricultural landscapes is one of the major threats to biodiversity. Peach palm “pupunha” (Bactris gasipaes – Amazonian native) and teak (Tectona grandis – exotic tree species) plantations are currently being implemented replacing Amazon rainforest areas, but there is scarce information regarding the impact of these planted forests on Amazonian biodiversity. In this study, we used dung beetles, a recognized bioindicator group, to evaluate how these planted forests impact the biodiversity in this biome. To assess the impacts of plantation types on dung beetle assemblages, we analyzed their diversity, assemblage structure, and the potential of each species as indicators of the different habitat types (native forest, peach palm and teak plantation) in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. There was a higher diversity of dung beetles in the Amazon native forest when compared to plantations, with teak plantation being the least diverse habitat. Telecoprid dung beetles were more negatively affected by planted forests. Furthermore, the assemblage structure differed among each of the habitats, where 12 species were considered indicators of native forest, and only one species was an indicator of peach palm and teak plantations. This study provided evidence that dung beetle diversity is negatively affected by the implantation of planted forests in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Our findings highlight the importance of conserving native forest, a source of dung beetle species for planted forests, which may help maintain viable dung beetle populations and provide vital ecosystem functions and services to these plantations.
Resumo Este artigo investiga a estética do grotesco utilizada em imagens do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro veiculadas em grupos de Facebook, partindo das teorias semióticas discursiva e tensiva, demonstrando sua pertinência para o entendimento dessa estética como parte das semioses humanas, e como prática social de sentido. A partir do percurso gerativo de sentido e do modo/estilo tensivo do texto, demonstra-se que as imagens grotescas, representando Bolsonaro como animal, criatura, espectro da morte e líder enlouquecido, podem ser consideradas um gênero modalizado pela retórica tensiva do acontecimento. Nas representações do político, um produtor/enunciador procura manipular um interpretante/enunciatário através de um texto com bases mitológicas que busca a intensidade do sensível e do supranatural. O grotesco, entendido como um contra (contra-programa) de um programa ideológico, torna-se uma crítica social marcada pela intensidade.
Chelonoidis carbonarius is host to a great diversity of endoparasites. This research aimed to identify and taxonomically classify the parasitic forms of endoparasites found in the feces of C. carbonarius using coproparasitological methods. In total, 38 fecal samples were collected from animals captured in the municipalities of Cuiabá (n = 23) and Jataí (n = 15) in the Brazilian Ceraado. Fecal samples were submitted to at least one of the following techniques: Willis-Mollay flotation technique, zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation technique, and spontaneous sedimentation of Hoffman, and Pons, and Janer. Overall, 86.85% (33/38) of animals were positive in at least one of the diagnostic techniques. Of the 38 samples used, 50% of the animals were captive and 50% of the animals were free-living. Cysts, oocysts, and parasitic eggs were identified, as follows: Chapiniella spp. (65.78%; n = 24), Sauricola spp. (31.57%; n = 12), Ascaroidea (15.78%; n = 6), Oxyuridae (2.63%; n = 1), Trematoda (2.63%; n = 1), Acanthocephala (2.63%; n = 1), Balantidium spp. (39.47%; n = 15), Eimeria spp. (21.05%; n = 8), and Nyctotherus spp. (2.63%; n = 1). The study showed that both captive and free-living C. carbonarius are often parasitized by different endoparasite species, with nematode eggs being the most common.
Many different approaches to classify wetlands at regional and global levels have been proposed, but their use of different classification parameters complicates comparisons of the results. Moreover, none of the international approaches cover global wetland variety with respect to size and environmental conditions. A comparison shows that hydrology is the only parameter that can be used for a hierarchic classification on a global scale. In the approach presented herein, differentiation between coastal, inland and anthropogenic wetlands is proposed. The use of higher classification units (systems, subsystems, orders, suborders and classes) is based on hydrological parameters. Wetlands are separated into small, simply structured types treated by all classification systems, and large wetscapes that, due to their complexity, are not. However, wetscapes represent well-defined landscape units, many of which are the focus of international organizations involved in wetland protection. They have to be treated using a holistic approach given the many interactions of their ecological subunits, their role in regional economies, their targeting by legislation and their value to humans. Considering the large gaps in knowledge about wetlands at a global scale, the new approach is a powerful tool for its classification, because it is flexible enough to include additional classification units, as required. Local classification systems can eliminate higher categories, which do not occur in their regions. Classification at lower rankings (functional units, subclasses, macrohabitats) can be introduced using additional classification parameters such as vegetation, soils and water chemistry. Examples from Brazil are provided.
A pesquisa foca nas fusões bancárias, explorando como podem surgir benefícios não considerados tradicionalmente ao aplicar o método do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado em instituições financeiras. Utilizou-se dados de fontes como Banco Central (Bacen), IF.Data, Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, Ipeadata, B3 e Infomoney. Analisaram-se os dados usando o Modelo de Dividendos Descontados e Modelagem Financeira Simples. Projetou-se a Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício e o Balanço Patrimonial dos bancos, ajustados pela taxa de inflação meta do Bacen. Calcularam-se os dividendos projetados para os próximos dez anos, determinou-se o Valor Patrimonial dos bancos individualmente e combinados, simulação que considerou três cenários: pessimista, realista e otimista. Os resultados destacaram variáveis críticas, como crescimento individual e combinado, Retorno sobre o Patrimônio e Taxa de Reinvestimento, mostrando que uma fusão pode gerar valor em todos os cenários analisados.
Plant peptidase inhibitors play crucial roles in plant defence mechanisms and physiological processes. In this study, we isolated and characterised a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from Enterolobium gummiferum seeds named EgPI (E. gummiferum peptidase inhibitor). The purification process involved two chromatography steps using size exclusion and hydrophobic resins, resulting in high purity and yield. EgPI appeared as a single band of ~20 kDa in SDS-PAGE. Under reducing conditions, the inhibitor exhibited two polypeptide chains, with 15 and 5 kDa. Functional characterisation revealed that EgPI displayed an inhibition stoichiometry of 1:1 against trypsin, with a dissociation constant of 8.4 × 10−9 mol·L−1. The amino-terminal sequencing of EgPI revealed the homology with Kunitz inhibitors. Circular dichroism analysis provided insights into the secondary structure of EgPI, which displayed the signature typical of Kunitz inhibitors. Stability studies demonstrated that EgPI maintained the secondary structure necessary to exhibit its inhibitory activity up to 70 °C and over a pH range from 2 to 8. Microbiological screening revealed that EgPI has antibiofilm properties against pathogenic yeasts at 1.125 μmol·L−1, and EgPI reduced C. albicans biofilm formation by 82.7%. The high affinity of EgPI for trypsin suggests potential applications in various fields. Furthermore, its antibiofilm properties recommended its usefulness in agriculture and antimicrobial therapy research, highlighting the practical implications of our research.
Mangaba is a fruit native to Brazil, rich in bioactive compounds. To evaluate physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antifungal activity of mangaba fruit pulp. Moisture, ash, protein, lipid, energy values and phenolic compounds were determined. Antioxidant activity was determined by capture of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Evaluation of antifungal activity was performed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, according to protocols M07-A9 and M27-S3, and minimum fungicidal concentration. Freeze-dried mangaba pulp presented high levels of carbohydrates, low levels of lipids, and high energy density. Phenolic analysis demonstrated that chlorogenic acid was found in the highest concentration, followed by p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Mangaba extract showed antioxidant activity like BHT. Mangaba extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Cryptococcus gattii (AFLP4), Candida guilliermondii (ATCC 6260) and Candida albicans (MYA 2876). Freeze-dried mangaba inhibited fungal activity associated with antioxidant effect due to presence of phenolic compounds.
Transitional vegetation zones in the neotropics harbor high biodiversity and are threatened by advancing deforestation and climate change. Besides, the diversity patterns at multiple spatial scales are little understood. We investigated the woody flora of eight savanna sites over 700 km along the transition zone between the Cerrado and Amazonia. We assessed plant diversity at three spatial scales: alpha (α = local richness), beta (βJac = Jaccard mean dissimilarity of species composition between sites), and gamma (γ = regional diversity). We also measured the sites’ contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) to unveil the ecological singularity of the transition. We found high local richness (α = ∼80 species per hectare) and high between-site dissimilarity (βJac = 0.651; LCBD = 0.354), which together contributed to high regional diversity (γ = 167). There was no relationship between floristic composition and proximity between sites or proximity to Amazonia. The locally dominant species (representing 80% or more of the total abundance) also differed across sites, indicating the unique composition of each community. This high floristic diversity at different spatial scales is severely threatened by extensive deforestation in recent decades and a paucity of protected areas, stressing the need for protected areas and conservation actions.
The cattle in the Pantanal region show a notable influence from Bos indicus breeds and their crossbreeds. However, a comprehensive biometric assessment of the reproductive system in these animals is currently lacking. This study evaluated the effects of breed, age, carcass weight, and estrous cycle phase on female reproductive system morphometry. A total of 124 healthy, non-pregnant reproductive tracts (83 Nelore and 41 Crossbred) were collected at a slaughterhouse. Neither the volume and weight of the ovaries nor the majority of uterine dimensions were affected by breed. Compared to heifers, cows showed longer uterine horns, a larger external caudal diameter of the uterine horns and body, and a greater external cranial diameter and internal caudal diameter of the cervix. The carcass weight (below vs. within commercial weight) affected the length of the uterine horns, uterine body, and cervix. Ovaries with a corpus luteum presented higher volume and weight than those with only follicles. Although the uterine measurements in the luteal phase were increased, the cycle stage did not affect the uterine morphometry. The average number of cervical rings was 5.0, independent of weight or breed. Crossbred animals presented a higher first cervical ring. Age didn´t influence the number, height, or distance between cervical rings. Deviation from the normal alignment of the cervix was recorded in 14.29 % of the animals, with a higher occurrence among Nelore cattle; deviation from the median axis was the most common (30%). This study emphasizes various parameters influencing the morphometry of the female reproductive system in Nelore cattle and their crosses, which could be crucial for implementing reproductive biotechnology techniques better suited to the morphological characteristics of zebu breeds.
Resumo: Este artigo reflete sobre a singularidade das relações entre mulheres rurais e os cães que com elas constituem um relacionamento interespecífico. Objetiva contar sobre práticas que foram emergindo ao longo de uma pesquisa quando passamos a encarar seriamente a agência de animais a partir do cotidiano de uma agricultora pesquisadora alinhada à agroecologia familiar. Focalizamos os cães de passagem sem raça definida e que vão e vêm livremente entre as cercas que delimitam as propriedades rurais. Em diálogo com Donna Haraway, Anna Tsing e Vinciane Despret, apresentamos pistas para uma pesquisa multiespécie que opera por meio de causos. A pesquisa multiespécie nos convida a reflexões sobre práticas anticapitalistas que germinam na agroecologia, a nos determos no trabalho das mulheres agricultoras e dos cães na sua potência de autogoverno e de criarmos formas de cooperação multiespecíficas com alteridades significativas no projeto moderno-colonizador.
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557 members
Rozilaine Faria
  • Department of Food Science and Technology
Nadja Gomes Machado
  • Environmental Science
Sandra Mariotto
  • Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão
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Cuiabá, Brazil
Head of institution
JULIO CÉSAR DOS SANTOS