Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Recent publications
Introduction Social media plays a significant role in fostering communities around health and wellness. The hashtag #PCOSweightloss has become a pivotal forum on the platform X, where individuals exchange experiences, share information, and motivate each other concerning weight loss strategies connected with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Objective This study aims to analyze the trends of #PCOSweightloss on X to gain insights into the social media metrics, including overall hashtag reach, key themes, and potential influence on management practices of PCOS. Methods Fedica research analytics tool (https://fedica.com) was utilized to automatically evaluate quantitatively the posts on the platform X containing #PCOSweightloss from July 1st, 2017 to July 1st, 2023. Results During the defined period, 1570 users shared 12,200 posts on X, gathering 2,967,001 views. The highest number of posts originated from the United States (38.6%), followed by India (30.6%) and the United Kingdom (10.6%). Top co-occurring hashtags associated with #PCOSweightloss included #PCOS, #healthyfood, #pcosmood and #diabetes. Physicians were key contributors to the discourse, contributing to 30% of the ten most engaging posts and 20% of the top ten influencers. Sentiment analysis revealed a predominant neutral sentiment (98%), while 1% each revealed positive and negative sentiments. Conclusion Our study affirms the substantial presence of #PCOSweightloss in the PCOS discourse on X. The involvement of physicians is particularly noteworthy, as it emphasizes the importance of expert-guided discussions in the online health discourse. On the background of geographical variances and the challenge of engaging a wider audience due to the limited follower counts of many participants, there is a clear opportunity for further community engagement and outreach. The prevailing neutral tone showcases a community engaged primarily in an informational exchange, setting the stage for more profound discussions of novel PCOS weight loss strategies.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that confer cold resistance in mammalian cells might be relevant for advancing medical applications. This study aimed to exploit the protective function of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, known to provide resistance to low temperatures in extremophiles and plants, by their exogenous expression in mammalian cells, and compare their effects with the well characterized antioxidant, vitamin E. Remarkably, the expression of LEA proteins in mammalian cells exerted cold-protective effect similar to Vitamin E. LEA proteins preserved cell viability during cold stress and ensured a normal metabolic activity after warming. Their protective action was due to the mitigation of cold-induced mitochondrial stress and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading in turn to enhanced cytoskeleton stability and decreased DNA damage. Our studies showed that plant-derived LEA proteins exhibit remarkable cold protection effects in mammalian cells through their potent antioxidant properties, which was found comparable to Vitamin E.
The development of natural and eco-friendly repellents, specifically those derived from plants, has particular relevance because these plant-based repellents offer a promising alternative to chemical-based repellents. Also, plant-derived repellents could be cost-effective and safer for non-target organisms. However, the pure form of plant extracts could be hazardous as a repellent. Thus, safe concentrations and convenient delivery forms are essential. The plants of the Lamiaceae family have shown great potential in the formulation of this type of repellent against a wide range of pests, especially thanks to the properties of the components of their extracts and essential oils. This research aims to identify recent innovations in the field of plant-based repellents of the Lamiaceae family, founded on patent documents. Therefore, patent databases were searched, using appropriate keywords and refining the search using patent classification codes. We reviewed 72 patent documents, grouped into 52 simple families, published over the last ten years. The United States is the jurisdiction in which 64% of those documents were filed. The year 2019 showed the publication of the largest number of patent documents, with ten patent applications and four granted patents. We conclude that, in parallel with research in this field, which continues to advance, many innovative solutions that take advantage of the natural repellent properties of plants in the Lamiaceae family contribute to ongoing sustainable and ecological pest management efforts.
Oxidative stress is defined as a biological balance between the amount of reactive oxygen species, especially free oxygen radicals, and the action of antioxidant systems, including the so-called repair mechanisms. Disturbance of this balance causes damages in proteins, fats and nucleic acids in healthy cells. This, in turn, gives rise to many diseases, especially those that are classified as civilization diseases e.g.: diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative processes and many others. Syringic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on SA have investigated its significant impact on oxidative stress in human. This review focuses on the SA as a potential compound reducing oxidative stress parameters in civilization diseases.
Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) has been utilized for medicinal and culinary purposes for thousands of years. Its extensive history showcases diverse uses and health benefits. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of the scientific literature landscape surrounding ginger using bibliometric techniques, aiming to explore recurring topics, trends, influential contributors, and main journals publishing ginger-related research. Utilizing the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, we identified 9,881 relevant papers published up to October 4, 2023. The analysis revealed an exponential growth in both publication and citation counts since the mid-2000s. Key phytochemical constituents, including gingerols and shogaols, emerged as focal points of research. The most frequently mentioned medical condition term identified was ‘Cancer’ (n = 577), followed by ‘Obesity’ (n = 180) and ‘COVID’ (n = 176). Journals such as the Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Food Chemistry played leading roles in sharing ginger-related articles. Our bibliometric study offers a broad overview of ginger research, highlighting a significant increase in scholarly interest globally. This analysis not only contributes quantitative insights to the existing literature but also provides a roadmap for future investigations on ginger. The scientific literature positions ginger as a promising candidate for addressing contemporary health challenges, inviting further exploration and clinical studies.
Opioids are a challenging class of drugs due to their dual role. They alleviate pain, but also pose a risk of dependency, or trigger constipation, particularly in cancer patients, who require the more potent painkillers in more advanced stages of the disease, closely linked to pain resulting from general inflammation, bone metastases, and primary or secondary tumour outgrowth-related nerve damage. Clinicians’ vigilance considering treatment with opioids is necessary, bearing in mind extensive data accumulated over decades that have reported the contribution of opioids to immunosuppression, tumour progression, or impaired tissue regeneration, either following opioid use during surgical tumour resection and post-surgical pain treatment, or as a result of other diseases like diabetes, where chronic wounds healing constitutes a challenge. During last few years, an increasing trend for seeking relationships between opioids and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer research can be observed. Transiently lasting EMT is desirable during wound healing, but in cancer, or vital organ fibrogenesis, EMT appears to be an obstacle to overcome, forcing to adjust treatment strategies that would reduce the risk for worsening of the disease outcome and patient prognosis. The same opioid may demonstrate promoting or inhibitory effect on EMT, dependently on various conditions in particular clinical cases. We have summarized current findings on this issue to uncover some rules that govern opioid-mediated EMT induction or repression; however, many aspects still remain to be elucidated.
Background Evidence indicates a wide range of andrological alterations in patients with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Aim To provide an update on the andrological effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE and Institutional websites were searched for randomized clinical trials, non‐systematic reviews, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses. Results Fifty‐four records were included from 2020 to 2024. The most representative paper categories were non‐systematic reviews ( n = 26) and systematic reviews/meta‐analyses ( n = 27). One randomized, prospective, phase 2 trial was also included. Eight topics were identified and discussed as follows: short‐ and long‐term seminal changes attributable to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or COVID‐19; andrological effects of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines; the potential impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 on male fertility; the relationship between serum testosterone levels and COVID‐19 prognosis in men; fertility care during the pandemic; urinary/genital male system tract impairment in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19; the effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 on circulating levels of sex steroid hormones; the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 on sexual function and activity. Discussion SARS‐CoV‐2 can affect the whole testicular function through direct and indirect mechanisms, with a positive relation between the severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the level of deterioration of testicular function. Testicular function recovers along with the recovery from the disease. In vitro fertilization techniques ensure similar results in patients with or without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or COVID‐19. Immunization with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines prevents andrological complaints due to naturally occurring infection. Erectile dysfunction and sexual dysfunction are frequently diagnosed in COVID‐19 patients due to several contributing factors, including hormonal imbalance and psychosocial complaints related to the pandemic.
Introduction Different Chlamydia species affect cattle and contribute to economic losses. One of them, C. pecorum , is a globally endemic livestock pathogen. Despite its endemicity, prevalence data from Poland have so far been limited. The present study aimed to obtain insight into the chlamydiae prevalence in Polish dairy cattle. Material and Methods A screening of chlamydial seroprevalence in dairy cattle was initially performed, followed by Chlamydiaceae - and species-specific real-time qPCR. Vaginal swabs (n = 239) and placenta samples (n = 2) from seropositive animals in 142 herds were collected to detect shedders. The study population consisted of cows (n = 2,780) from dairy herds (n = 1,153) located in all Polish voivodeships. Results The true animal prevalence was determined to be 33.3%, while the true herd prevalence was 42.7%. Five groups of Polish voivodeships were identified using appropriate statistical tools, highlighting differences that may arise from various factors impacting the spread of chlamydial infections. The only detected chlamydia species was C. pecorum , the presence of which was confirmed in two herds. Conclusion This study revealed that chlamydial infections are commonly present in Polish dairy cattle across the country.
Autism spectrum disorders encompass diverse neurodevelopmental conditions marked by alterations in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Advanced maternal age is associated with an increased risk of bearing children affected by autism but the etiological factors underlying this association are not well known. Here, we investigated the effects of advanced maternal age on offspring health and behavior in two genetically divergent mouse strains: the BTBR T⁺ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of idiopathic autism, and the C57BL/6 J (B6) control strain, as a model of genetic variability. In both strains, advanced maternal age negatively affected female reproductive and pregnancy outcomes, and perturbed placental and fetal growth, and the expression of genes in the fetal brain tissues. Postnatally, advanced maternal age had strain-dependent effects on offspring sociability, learning skills, and the occurrence of perseverative behaviors, varying between male and female offspring. These findings disentangle the relationship between genetic determinants and maternal age-related factors in shaping the emergence of autism-like behaviors in mice, highlighting the interplay between maternal age, genetic variability, and prenatal programming, in the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Cancer is a global health problem and one of the leading causes of mortality. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the field of oncology, emerging as a powerful treatment strategy. A key pathway that has garnered considerable attention is programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). The interaction between PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells and PD-1 reduces the innate immune response and thus compromises the capability of the body’s immune system. Furthermore, it controls the phenotype and functionality of innate and adaptive immune components. A range of monoclonal antibodies, including avelumab, atezolizumab, camrelizumab, dostarlimab, durvalumab, sinitilimab, toripalimab, and zimberelimab, have been developed for targeting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. These agents can induce a broad spectrum of autoimmune-like complications that may affect any organ system. Recent studies have focused on the effect of various natural compounds that inhibit immune checkpoints. This could contribute to the existing arsenal of anticancer drugs. Several bioactive natural agents have been shown to affect the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, influencing cell proliferation, and eventually leading to tumor cell death and inhibiting cancer progression. However, there is a substantial knowledge gap regarding the role of different natural compounds targeting PD-1 in the context of cancer. Hence, this review aims to provide a common connection between PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and the anticancer effects of distinct natural molecules. Moreover, the primary focus will be on the underlying mechanism of action as well as the clinical efficacy of bioactive molecules. Current challenges along with the scope of future research directions targeting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions through natural substances are also discussed.
Background Cannabis and its derivatives show encouraging therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases. However, further studies are needed to better assess their efficacy and safety. A promising base for research in the field of medicine and additional pharmacovigilance is social networks, in which experience and knowledge are exchanged between researchers, doctors, and patients, as well as information about the potential risks and benefits of using drugs for medical purposes is disseminated. The aim of this study was to investigate the reported efficiency and safety of medical use of cannabinoids in patients using posts on the social media Instagram and analyze the observed trends. Methods Social media listening platform Apify was used to collect data with hashtags as of June 4, 2024, including posts from 2023 and 2024, with some data extending into later periods, in compliance with a systematic approach to data collection. The analysis of the data obtained from the research was conducted using the RStudio platform. Results The analysis covered 1,466 posts containing hashtags related to cannabinoids. The posts studied were categorized as follows: 33.08% focused on advertising and commercialization, 25.58% on personal experience, 21.35% on other topics, and 19.99% contained educational content. An analysis of overall content relevance found that the majority of Instagram posts (81.79%) related to cannabis and cannabinoid hashtags are relevant. Most of the Instagram posts studied were posters, followed by personal photos and videos. The analysis shows that English dominates the studied category (70.74% of posts), while German, French, Spanish, and other languages also occupy a significant place, emphasizing the importance of a multilingual approach in content analysis. It has been revealed that organizations publish a larger percentage of posts under this study, with a higher percentage of relevance. Personal experience stories receive a significant number of “likes” indicating a strong emotional connection between audience and content. Instagram discussions about cannabinoid treatment support evidence from scientific studies about their effectiveness in treating a range of diseases, such as epilepsy with Lennox–Gastaut and Dravet syndromes, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and HIV-cachexia, nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. At the same time, they emphasize the need for further clinical studies to better assess safety, side effects, and optimal dosages. Advertising and commercial posts can contribute to increased cannabis use, highlighting the need to raise awareness of risks and strengthen preventive measures. Conclusion Analysis of content on the social media Instagram can complement traditional scientific research by providing information on the real use of cannabis and its derivatives, contributing to the development of safe and effective recommendations for its use.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of improving the state of hardwood meadows using two methods of overseeding: strip-till and disc seeding (Vredo), with mixtures of grass and legume seeds under diverse pluvial and thermal conditions in eastern and central Poland. The field experiments were conducted in three farms: Zimna Woda (experiment I), Racibory (experiment II), and Ranna (experiment III). The measures to improve permanent grassland (PG) were carried out after the second cut in 2016 and in spring 2017. The effectiveness of both methods was evaluated based on changes in the botanical composition of the sward and the yield of total protein and soluble sugars (Preś and Rogalski, 1997). Positive effects of both methods on the floristic composition were achieved in 2017 in all meadow habitats on mineral soils: brown soils formed from loamy sand (Zimna Woda), proper brown soils (Racibory) on light and medium loam, and alluvial soils on light loam (Ranna). Despite adverse pluvial and thermal conditions, both methods improved the utility value of the sward, increasing the yields of dry matter, protein, and soluble sugars in subsequent years. The study showed that improving the state of PG by overseeding with diploid and tetraploid grass varieties and legume plants is effective, with its level of effectiveness depending on the pluvial and thermal conditions after treatment.
Background X (Formerly known as Twitter) healthcare hashtags are a popular healthcare informatics and educational tool among medical professionals. #Globalhealth is one such widely used hashtag with extensive engagement. This study analyses #GlobalHealth to understand its pattern, global digital distribution, and other parameters during the COVID-19 pandemic on X. Methods Data was collected by utilizing posts using #GlobalHealth on X from 1st December 2019 to 1st November 2022. The analysis was performed using Symplur Signals to assess several parameters, such as the cumulative number of posts, impressions, category of users, co-occurring hashtags, and geolocation. The Symplur Rank system was used to assess the impact of influencers using the hashtag. Results A total of 843,762 posts were shared by 150,408 X users, with 4,639,144,304 impressions. Most posts (73.8%) were made by unclassified accounts, followed by doctors (4.2%), followed by other health workers. The #COVID19 was the most common co-occurring hashtag (43%). The top locations and the most influential X users came from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Among the top 25 most influential handles, a maximum (N = 09) were based in the United States—most profiles (N = 10) were categorized as international organizations followed by journals (N = 03). Conclusion The study gives a glimpse into the discrepancies in global distribution and stakeholders of #GlobalHealth. Most posts originated from the global north, which hints at how the trend to #GlobalHealth is not perhaps as global as it is thought to be, and it also reflects upon the real-world scenarios in the context of Global Health Equity. Thus, deeper and wider studies on this digital discrepancy may add more to the existing discourse on the topic.
Bone defects and fractures present significant clinical challenges, particularly in orthopedic and maxillofacial applications. While minor bone defects may be capable of healing naturally, those of a critical size necessitate intervention through the use of implants or grafts. The utilization of traditional methodologies, encompassing autografts and allografts, is constrained by several factors. These include the potential for donor site morbidity, the restricted availability of suitable donors, and the possibility of immune rejection. This has prompted extensive research in the field of bone tissue engineering to develop advanced synthetic and bio-derived materials that can support bone regeneration. The optimal bone substitute must achieve a balance between biocompatibility, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity while simultaneously providing mechanical support during the healing process. Recent innovations include the utilization of three-dimensional printing, nanotechnology, and bioactive coatings to create scaffolds that mimic the structure of natural bone and enhance cell proliferation and differentiation. Notwithstanding the advancements above, challenges remain in optimizing the controlled release of growth factors and adapting materials to various clinical contexts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in bone substitute materials, focusing on their biological mechanisms, design considerations, and clinical applications. It explores the role of emerging technologies, such as additive manufacturing and stem cell-based therapies, in advancing the field. Future research highlights the need for multidisciplinary collaboration and rigorous testing to develop advanced bone graft substitutes, improving outcomes and quality of life for patients with complex defects.
One of the reactive forms of oxygen is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which has been investigated as a key component of growth processes and stress responses. Different methods for the determination of H 2 O 2 production by animal and bacterial cells exist; however, its detection in algal cell cultures is more complicated due to the presence of photosynthetic pigments in the cells and the complex structure of cell walls. Considering these issues, a reliable, quick, and simple method for H 2 O 2 detection is needed in phycological research. The aim of this methodological study was to optimize an Amplex UltraRed method for the fluorometric detection of H 2 O 2 produced by microalgae cells, using a wild‐type strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model. The results showed that (i) potassium phosphate is the most suitable reaction buffer for this method, (ii) a 560 nm wavelength variant is the most appropriate as the excitation wavelength for fluorescence spectra measurement, (iii) a 50:50 ratio for the reaction mixture to sample was the most suitable, (iv) the fluorescence signal was significantly influenced by the density of the microalgae biomass, and (v) sample fortification with H 2 O 2 allowed for an increase of the method's reliability and repeatability. The proposed protocol of the Amplex UltraRed method for the fluorometric detection of H 2 O 2 produced by microalgae cells can yield a sensitive and accurate determination of the content of the test compound, minimizing measurement errors, eliminating chlorophyll autofluorescence problem, and compensating for the matrix effect. This method can be applied to the study of other microalgae species.
There is a growing prevalence of pancreatic cancer, accompanied by accelerated disease progression and diminished survival rates. Radical resection with clear margins remains the sole viable option for achieving a long-term cure in patients. In cases of advanced, unresectable, and metastatic disease, chemotherapy based on leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, or nab-paclitaxel represents the cornerstone of the treatment. Considering the limited treatment options available following initial therapy, the strategy of repurposing commonly prescribed drugs such as antihypertensives into anti-cancer therapies in palliative treatment represents a promising avenue for enhancing survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The repurposing of existing drugs is typically a more cost-effective and expedient strategy than the development of new ones. The potential for antihypertensive drugs to be employed as adjunctive therapies could facilitate a more comprehensive treatment approach by targeting multiple pathways involved in cancer progression and acquired resistance to treatment. Antihypertensive medications, particularly those belonging to the pharmacological classes of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers, are commonly prescribed and have well-established safety profiles, particularly among patients with pancreatic cancer who are affected by multiple comorbidities. Therefore, we emphasize the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of antihypertensive agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing their beneficial chemosensitizing effects.
Societal concerns for animal welfare extend to all domestic species, including high-level sport horses. The welfare of these horses, notably highlighted during the recent Olympics, has garnered significant public interest, prompting inquiries into their living conditions. Animal welfare studies have emphasised three key needs crucial to equine welfare: unlimited access to forage, freedom of movement, and social interactions with peers, commonly referred to as the “3Fs”—access to Forage, Freedom of movement, and interactions with Friend conspecifics. However, the feasibility and benefits of satisfying these needs specifically for sport horses remain unexplored. Indeed, they may face unique challenges such as high physical workload, extensive travel, limited time in their home stables, weight management, and high economic value necessitating careful handling. Consequently, restrictions on feeding, freedom of movement, and social contact are often deemed necessary. This field study aims to assess the actual level of implementation of welfare in high-level sport horses by evaluating body condition, injury risk, and behavioural welfare indicators in their home stable. To achieve this objective, the welfare of 56 high-level sport horses competing internationally was assessed using behavioural indicators of welfare through scan sampling (abnormal behaviours, i.e., stereotypies, aggression towards humans, withdrawn behaviour, and alert behaviours; positions of the ears in a backward position while foraging, watching behaviours, and through other Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) protocol measures). This study shows that there exists a large variability among horses regarding their access to the 3Fs, with some of them having a lot of restrictions and others not, meaning it is possible to respect them while competing at a high level. Second, we observed that the fewer restrictions the horses experience regarding the 3Fs while in their home stables, the better their welfare, as demonstrated by the indicators we assessed. These results undeniably support the fact that unrestricted access to forage, the ability to move freely outdoors, and the opportunity to interact socially with conspecifics are fundamental needs of horses that could be provided to horses, also to high-performance ones. It is therefore essential that solutions are put in place to ensure that these conditions are met.
Dietary lipids provide energy, are cellular structural components, and are involved in physiological processes. Lipids are the dietary source in supplementary diet experiments in pigs. This study aims to investigate the dietary effects of PUFAs on the hepatic transcriptome and physiological pathways of two diets on two pig breeds. Polish Landrace (PL: n = 6) and six PLxDuroc (PLxD: n = 6) pigs were fed with a normal diet (n = 3) or PUFAs-enriched healthy diet (n = 3), and the hepatic miRNA profiles were studied for weighted gene co-expression network analysis biological interactions between gene networks and metabolic pathways of DE miRNA genes. The study identified trait-associated modules that were significantly associated with four phenotypic traits in the dietary groups of PL and PLxD: meat colour (a*), shoulder subcutaneous fat thickness, conductivity 24 h post-mortem (PE24), and ashes. Trait-wise, a large set of co-expressed miRNAs of porcine liver were identified in these trait-associated significant modules (9, 7, 2, and 8) in PL and PLxD. Each module is represented by a module eigengene (ME). Forty-four miRNAs out of 94 miRNAs interacted with 6719 statistically significant target genes with a target score > 90. The GO/pathway analysis showed association with pathways including regulation of metallopeptidase activity, sebaceous gland development, collagen fibril organization, WNT signalling, epithelial tube morphogenesis, etc. The study showed the differences in miRNA expression between the dietary groups of PL and PLxD breeds. Hub genes of discovered miRNA clusters can be considered predicted miRNA genes associated with PE24, meat colour, shoulder subcutaneous fat thickness, and ashes. Discovered target genes for miRNA clusters play significant roles in biological functions such as (i) muscle and body growth development, (ii) different cellular processes and developments, (iii) system development, and (iv) metabolic processes.
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60 members
Emilia Bagnicka
  • Department of Animal Improvement
Grzegorz R Juszczak
  • Departemnt of Animal Behaviour
Beata Prusak
  • Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding
Grazyna Sender
  • Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding
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Lesznowola, Poland