Herzen University

The article presents the issues of the Russian poetic language formation. The study of the usages of the biblical word стогна (стогны) ‘street, square, inner-city space’ in the Russian poetic language by the means of the lexicographic method shows, that this Slavic word was introduced first into poetic circulation by Mikhail Lomonosov as an element of the odic topic. Thus, Mikhail Lomonosov was the first to carry out the “transfer” of the biblical word from the sacred Slavic language to the poetic one. The word continues to be actively used by the best poets of the 18th century – Vasiliy Petrov, Vasily Maikov, M Mikhail Muravyov, Mikhail Kheraskov, Gavriil Derzhavin and others. Further, this Slavic word was inherited by the poetic language of the 1st half of the 19th century, including Vasily Zhukovsky, Konstantin Batyushkov, Yevgeny Baratynsky poetry, it was actively used by Alexander Pushkin in ‟Ruslan and Ludmila” and ‟The Bronze Horseman”. Due to its high poetic expressiveness, it is preserved in the Russian poetic language to this day (Andrei Bitov, Yuriy Ryashentsev, Ol’ga Zondberg etc.), although it is mistakenly marked by some dictionaries of the Russian language as ‟obsolete”.

Since its inception, the "Belt and Road" initiative has strongly promoted close cooperation between China and nations along the route in the fields of economy, culture, and language. In the context of the initiative, Russian, being an important linguistic resource bridging China and Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), has attracted high-level attention towards its development and exchange. This article attempts to explore the impact of the "Belt and Road" initiative on Russian education, communication, and cultural exchange and analyze its current situation, challenges, and future trends. Research has indicated that the "Belt and Road" initiative not only has provided a broader platform for Russian learners and speakers but also encouraged China, Russia, and other Russian-speaking countries to cooperate more deeply in economy, education, and culture. It also points out existing issues in the field and makes comprehensive suggestions for future research and development in language teaching and cross-cultural communication.

Symbolic activity and agency are interconnected processes that underlie the human ability to act freely and independently of external conditions. Symbols, as a key element of this activity, enable humans to transcend immediate reality by operating with hypothetical and abstract events. This becomes possible through the transformation of S-R (stimulus-response) associations, where symbolic activity liberates the subject from direct dependence on external stimuli, creating the basis for free and purposeful behavior. Important aspects of symbolic activity may include the processes of pleromatization and schematization. Pleromatization is associated with the expansion of the sign field, where sign-vehicles are abstracted from objects, forming a field of possible meanings and interpretations. This field creates the basis for multiple action variants and alternative paths to achieving goals. Schematization, in turn, organizes this field by forming specific routes through the creation of point-like signs. The interaction of field-like signs and point-like signs allows the subject to transition from possible events to actual actions, thereby facilitating the manifestation of agency. Field-like signs represent potential possibilities, while point-like signs represent concrete paths for their realization. Two-stage models of free behavior help to understand how symbolic activity overcomes the rigid determinism of S-R relationships. In the first stage, action variants are generated, where the subject evaluates various possibilities based on field-like signs. In the second stage, one of the variants is selected and realized through point-like signs. These models demonstrate how internal motives arising from symbolic activity can replace external causes, creating a sense of freedom while maintaining internal determinism. Thus, agency does not exclude determinism but relies on internal motives rather than external stimuli.

We report the first confirmed observation of brown bear (Ursus arctos) predation on pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Northeastern Europe, highlighting an emerging foraging behavior in response to ecological changes. The study, conducted along the Ust'-Yaren'ga River in Onezhskoye Pomorye National Park, documents adaptations to the increasing abundance of pink salmon, an introduced species. Evidence includes feeding traces, paw prints, and partially consumed salmon carcasses. Pink salmon’s semelparous life history, involving spawning once and dying, makes them particularly vulnerable during spawning migration. Observations suggest that brown bears have begun to exploit this accessible resource, in contrast to their historically limited interaction with native salmonids. These findings reveal the dietary flexibility of brown bears and raise questions about the ecological consequences of pink salmon expansion into ecosystems of Northeastern Europe. Such shifts may affect nutrient cycling, local biodiversity, and brown bear population dynamics. Given the implications of climate-driven range expansions, this study underscores the importance of continued monitoring of predator–prey interactions and their broader ecological impacts.

The formation of a conditional connection allows the organism to change its reactions to various environmental factors, combining and mobilizing the necessary internal adaptive processes. It is assumed that there are common mechanisms underlying the formation of adaptive processes including stress response and learning. To develop methods for non-invasive correction of nervous system pathologies in a model object of genetics Drosophila, the relationship of adaptive mechanisms of the formation of a conditional connection and the development of a stressor reaction to the weakening of the Earth’s magnetic field in light: dark conditions was studied. We a role of learning and lighting in stress coping due to the formation of long-term memory in the paradigm of conditioned courtship suppression. Within the framework of quantum dynamics of electronic and nuclear spins of transition states of radical molecules, the hypothesis of their participation in the formation of long-term memory is considered.

Neoplatonic symbolism is closely related to the doctrine of theurgy, which was introduced by Iamblichus of Chalcis. The language of Iamblichus’ writings is distinguished by a variety of technical terms that require clarification. Among them are symbolon and synthēma , which are treated as fully equal by some scholars, but are clearly discerned by others. The goal of the present study is to define the meaning of symbolon and synthēma in the extant writings of Iamblichus using context analysis and relevant dependencies on the works of Iamblichus’ predecessors, especially Porphyry of Tyre. Four major subject areas were selected: divine names and hieratic formulae, which are mostly called synthēmata ; general theoretical descriptions of symbolic expression of intellectual entities in the material world; Pythagorean acousmata , which are traditionally called symbols; and numeric symbols, also interpreted in a Pythagorean manner. Iamblichus ascribes synthēmata self-sustained nature and the possibility to act on their own, revealing their theurgic efficacy on the human soul and intellect. Symbols are considered an explication of synthēma in a particular object, they have various forms and reveal the corresponding synthēma in a concealed or enigmatic way, thus requiring an interpretation. The combination of symbol’s significative and efficacious aspects distinguishes it from sign, image, and analogy.

Anxiety is a normotypic human condition, and like any other emotion has an adaptive value. But excessively high or low anxiety has negative consequences for adaptation, which primarily determines the importance of studying these two extreme conditions. At the same time, it is known that the perception of aversive stimuli associated with anxiety leads to changes in the activity of the brain’s cingulate cortex. The advantage of animals as models in studying the genetic bases of anxiety in humans is in the ability to subtly control the external conditions of formation of a certain state, the availability of brain tissues, and the ability to create and study transgenic models, including through the use of differentially expressed genes of small laboratory animals from the family Muridae with low and high anxiety. Within the framework of the translational approach, a three-domain potential gene network, which is associated with generalized anxiety in humans, was reconstructed using mouse models with different levels of anxiety by automatically analyzing the texts of scientific articles. One domain is associated with reduced anxiety in humans, the second with increased anxiety, and the third is a dispatcher who activates one of the two domains depending on the status of the organism (genetic, epigenetic, physiological). Stages of work: (I) A list of genes expressed in the cingulate cortex of the wild type CD-1 mouse line from the NCBI GEO database (experiment GSE29014). Using the tools of this database, differences in gene expression levels were revealed in groups of mice with low and high (relatively normal) anxiety. (II) Search for orthologs of DEG in humans and mice associated with anxiety in the OMA Orthology database. (III) Computer reconstruction using the ANDSystem cognitive system based on (a) human orthologous genes from stage (III), (b) human genes from the MalaCards database associated with human anxiety. The proven methods of the translational approach for the reconstruction of gene networks for behavior regulation can be used to identify molecular genetic markers of human personality traits, propensity to psychopathology.

A method for the synthesis of alkyl 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylates E-hydrazones by interaction of alkyl 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylates with substituted hydrazines is proposed. E-Bis-hydrazones or furocinnolinone was obtained by the reaction of alkyl 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylates with hydrazine hydrate depending on the conditions. Bis-hydrazones with minimal relative energy are characterized by quantum chemical calculations.

Ligands, (2E)-2-(1-phenylethylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide (L1) and (2E)-N-phenyl-2-(1-phenyl-ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide (L2), were synthesized, as well as cyclometallic palladium(II) complexes [(PdL1)2Cl]Cl and [(PdL2)2Cl]Cl with them. Their composition and structure were proven by 1H, 13C, 1H–13C HMQC, 1H–13C HMBC, 1Н–1Н dqf–COSY and 1H–1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, IR and electron spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of the obtained complexes in the Suzuki–Miyaura C–C cross-coupling reactions was demonstrated.

This work examines the geological and geomorphological structure of the depression of Lake Ladoga, the largest European freshwater basin. The history of the development of Lake Ladoga from the time of the last Eemian (Mikulino) Interglacial to the final deglaciation and the formation of the present-day waterbody is discussed. All modern data on the formation of the lake and its basin are brought together.

The features of the formation of the relief of the Solovetskiy Islands at different stages of develop ment under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors are considered. In the pre-Quaternary, denudative plains were dominant here. In the late Pleistocene, glacial and glaciolacustrine plains were formed. In the Holocene, glacial plains were preserved almost unaltered in the center of the islands. In the edge zones of the islands, where the glacial relief was subjected to intense wave action, stepped abrasion-accumulation-type plains were developed. These are made of a series of marine terraces that formed as a result of glacioisostatic uplifts and eustatic sea level fluctuations. To clarify the factors that determine the different prominence and elevation of marine terraces in the different parts of the archipelago is one of the main problems in the study of the island relief.

NNew representatives of dioxodihydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-, furo[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-, furo[2,3-d]pyrano[4,3-b]pyran-, furo[2',3':4,5]pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-, and furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine carboxylates were obtained from the reactions of alkyl 3-bromo- 3-nitroacrylates with representatives of carbo- and heterocyclic CH-acids under simple conditions, without the use of organocatalysts. The structures of the synthesized compounds were proven by a set of physicochemical methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis.