Haute École de Travail Social et de la Santé

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multifactorial origins. Several studies have shown that parent–child attachment impacts the expression of ADHD symptoms, while others have highlighted the influence of cognitive impairments on ADHD symptoms. However, few studies have simultaneously examined the respective contributions of child attachment and cognitive functions to ADHD, which is the aim of this study. We included 45 children with ADHD from a university hospital and 44 typically developing children from regular schools. Child attachment was evaluated using a self-report questionnaire, the French Attachment Security Scale (ASS-Fr), and a narrative interview, the Cartes pour l’évaluation de l'Attachement et de la Mentalisation chez l’Enfant (CAME). Cognitive assessment involved both objective and subjective measures. Perceived attachment security to both parents and disorganized attachment were significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, but these relationships were mediated by externalizing symptoms and executive function difficulties. The relationships between attachment and ADHD symptoms are indirect and mediated by the presence of externalizing symptoms and executive function impairments.

Time on parole is not only marked by the supervision and support of probation officers but constitutes a particular time in the concerned people’s lives. The experience of this transition period has constituted a topic of research, but most studies have neglected a thorough conceptualisation of the notion of experience and relied empirically on oral data such as interviews. We propose a conceptualisation of experience as lived and embodied, reflected and communicated, and, finally, sedimented. To capture these various dimensions, we developed a multisensorial methodology that explores emotions and places as well as narratives on the experience of the time on parole. Our results concentrate on a group of formerly incarcerated people who are rarely discussed in research: people who were well integrated into society before and who manage to organise their lives afterwards fairly well. They experience distinct challenges and encounter obstacles produced by the criminal justice system itself. Open Access: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20662203241301177

Background Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS), the set of actions to ensure appropriate antimicrobial use, is increasingly considered a multidisciplinary endeavour. However, it is unclear how Dutch hospital-based nurses envision their contribution to AMS. Objective To explore the views and visions of Dutch bedside nurses on their role regarding appropriate antimicrobial use. Methods A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Fourteen bedside nurses in nine different Dutch hospitals participated. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis. Results Nurses considered their role regarding appropriate use of antibiotics as an integral part of their daily nursing practice. They envisioned their future role as an expansion of their current practice, improving or intensifying this contribution. Prompting review of antimicrobial treatment by nurses was seen as regular practice. Ward rounds were considered the best moment to exert their nursing role, by showing leadership in communicating about different aspects of AMS. Patient advocacy (“striving for the best possible care for their patient”) appears to be a driver of the nursing contribution. Nurses perceived a shared responsibility with prescribers on certain aspects of the antimicrobial treatment and wished for a clarification of this role. Education and cognitive reminders such as antibiotic checklist to be used in ward rounds, can support the uptake of the nurses’ role. Conclusion Nurses envision their future role in AMS as an enhanced, elaborated and empowered version of their current daily practice. Education, formal acknowledgment and increased awareness of the nursing role, may advance the contributing role nurses already have.

The present study investigates the role of promotion in employees’ happiness (job satisfaction), health (work stress), and career-related performance (perceived employability and career prospects). Positive and negative changes in the above-mentioned career sustainability indicators were investigated over a 2-year period. The promotion subsample (n = 128) was compared with a matched sample of non-promoted employees (n = 150). We also tested the role of gender in responding to a promotion. The findings suggest that the promotion may have equivocal effects on employees’ happiness, health, and career-related performance over time, and therefore does not foster their career sustainability.

There is a gap between the current service offer and the needs of people suffering from burnout. Actors in the field, from employers to prescribers, have a role to play in addressing the health needs of the target population, promoting existing services and facilitating their integrative collaboration. This is what a study evaluating the adequacy between the health needs of people experiencing burnout and the services offered to these patients from the point of view of key informants in the canton of Vaud has shown. The first part identified, through empirical research on the Internet, services focused on work organization, therapeutic, social and professional reintegration services. The second part, based on a qualitative focus group method, identified 21 unmet needs.

Objective Effective internet interventions often combine online self-help with regular professional guidance. In the absence of regularly scheduled contact with a professional, the internet intervention should refer users to professional human care if their condition deteriorates. The current article presents a monitoring module to recommend proactively seeking offline support in an eMental health service to aid older mourners. Method The module consists of two components: a user profile that collects relevant information about the user from the application, enabling the second component, a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) decision-making algorithm that detects risk situations and to recommend the user to seek offline support, whenever advisable. In this article, we show how we configured the FCM with the help of eight clinical psychologists and we investigate the utility of the resulting decision tool using four fictitious scenarios. Results The current FCM algorithm succeeds in detecting unambiguous risk situations, as well as unambiguously safe situations, but it has more difficulty classifying borderline cases correctly. Based on recommendations from the participants and an analysis of the algorithm's erroneous classifications, we propose how the current FCM algorithm can be further improved. Conclusion The configuration of FCMs does not necessarily demand large amounts of privacy-sensitive data and their decisions are scrutable. Thus, they hold great potential for automatic decision-making algorithms in mental eHealth. Nevertheless, we conclude that there is a need for clear guidelines and best practices for developing FCMs, specifically for eMental health.

Based on an original survey on 1500 young people aged from 18 to 29 years old, this article aims to better understand the influence of economic vulnerability on family and peers’ solidarity. By considering two types of support (practical and financial supports), our results show that for economically vulnerable young people the support provided by family and peers is more durable and more intimately related to basic needs fulfilment.

Older adults (60+) spend a considerable amount of time watching TV. This can have important implica-tions in terms of their daily sense of meaning in their life. Applying the selection, optimization, and com-pensation (SOC) model, we argue that the impact of the daily amount of time spent watching TV on daily perceptions of meaning in life is moderated by whether TV is generally used in a compensatory or selective manner. We present data from an intensive longitudinal study with N = 101 healthy older (60+) adults. Data were collected over five consecutive days. Compensatory and selective TV use were trea-ted as a general strategy and thus as a trait-like variable measured in a baseline survey. Results show that the effect of the amount of daily television use on daily perceptions of meaning in life depends on the extent to which TV is generally used in a compensatory fashion as indicated by a cross- level interaction between compensatory TV use (between-person level 2) and daily self-reported TV use (within-person level 1) on daily perceptions of meaning in life. We discuss these findings in terms of both theoretical and methodological considerations.

The social relationship that devalues and freezes in an inferior otherness those people whose abilities do not conform to the standards produces a consensus on the help to be given to people considered as disabled. A second social relationship, based on territorial belonging, justifies unequal treatment of natives and people of foreign nationality. But how are these two criteria articulated when the disability concerns a person of foreign nationality? This is the question that is the focus of this article.

Background: Hand hygiene is an effective behavior for preventing the spread of the respiratory disease COVID-19, and was included in public health guidelines worldwide. Behavior change interventions addressing hand hygiene have the potential to support the adherence to public health recommendations and thereby prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, randomized trials during a pandemic are largely absent, wherefore there is little knowledge about the most effective strategies to promote hand hygiene during an ongoing pandemic. The present study addresses this gap by presenting the results of the optimization phase of a Multiphase Optimization Strategy of Soapp, a smartphone app to promote hand hygiene in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The goal was to identify the most effective combination and sequence of three theory- and evidence-based intervention modules (Habit, Motivation, Social Norms) to promote hand hygiene. To this aim, nine versions of Soapp were developed (conditions) and two optimization criteria were defined: i) condition with largest increase in hand hygiene at follow-up and ii) condition with highest engagement, usability and satisfaction based on quantitative and qualitative analyses. Methods: The study design was a parallel randomized trial with nine intervention conditions defined by the combination of two intervention modules and their sequence. The trial was conducted from March to August 2021 with interested participants of the Swiss general population (N = 232 randomized). Randomization was performed by Qualtrics and blinding was ensured. The duration of the intervention was 34 days. The primary outcome was self-reported hand hygiene at follow-up, assessed via an electronic diary. Secondary outcomes were user engagement, usability and satisfaction, assessed at follow-up. Participants were further invited for semi-structured exit interviews (n = 9). A set of Anovas was performed to test the main hypotheses while thematic analysis was performed to analyze the qualitative data. Results: Results showed a significant increase in hand hygiene over time across all conditions. There was no interaction effect of time and intervention condition. Likewise, no between-group difference in engagement, usability and satisfaction emerged. Seven themes (e.g., "variety and timeliness of the workload", "social interaction") were found in the thematic analysis. Conclusions: The effectiveness of Soapp in promoting hand hygiene laid the foundations for the next evaluation phase of the app. More generally, the study provided support for the value of digital interventions in pandemic contexts. The current findings evidenced no differential effect of intervention condition of a habit, motivation and social norms module on hand hygiene, engagement, usability and satisfaction. In the absence of quantitative differences, we relied on the results from the thematic analysis to select the best version of Soapp for the evaluation phase. Clinicaltrial: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04830761. International registered report: RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055971.

Migration enforcement is an emotional field displaying conflicting positions and tensions between bureaucrats and migrants, and within and between organizations. This article conducts an in-depth analysis of emotions within organizational encounters and the role that emotions play between organizations and in the outcome of cases. It examines how emotions directed towards other agencies shape an organizational work ethos and professional standing. Using ethnographic data collected in Swiss migration offices, social services offices and legal counselling offices, this article discloses how such actors ‘feel’ each other and therefore indirectly show how they ‘feel’ the ‘state’ and its policies regarding the creation of migrant subjects and their integration and belonging. While social workers and legal advisors often understand migration policies as restrictive towards migrant individuals, migration officials find themselves in the role of the state defender. Studying their emotions thus facilitates an analysis of the discrepancies between different agencies in the realm of migration administration and of their emotional dissonance, which characterize the migration regime.

This mixed-methods paper examines the experience and effects of the loss of an allotment garden among gardeners in Zurich, Switzerland. The paper explores the subjective experience of garden loss using qualitative material gathered in field conversations with gardeners from an allotment area which was soon to be cleared for construction. In parallel, gardeners from the same area were surveyed before (2018) and after (2019) the clearance, thus constructing a natural experiment to measure effects on gardeners’ social networks, social support and general and mental health. The analysis of the qualitative material shows the (imminent) loss of the garden was a distressing experience for most participants, a result which is strongly supported by the descriptive analysis of several survey questions. Analysis of the quantitative data with ANCOVA models gives support to a negative effect of garden loss on the number of social contacts and on emotional well-being, but not on other factors. The experience of garden loss shows strong parallels to that of loss of a home, but also differs from it in relevant ways. Improved designs of similar natural experiments could lead to more reliable results. These would, however, require researchers to observe planning processes from a very early stage.

Background Given that sex education programs are considered an educational-pedagogical tool for facilitating the sexual socialization of adolescents, contemporary debate in this field tends to distinguish between emphasis on conservative pedagogy and on critical pedagogy. Methods Based on a single case study design, the photovoice-based work model was implemented as a critical-pedagogical tool, part of community-based participatory research (2017–2109) on sex and sexuality in the daily lives of adolescents. The study involved 15 teens who took part in an intervention program designed to promote healthy sexuality in the framework of a nongovernmental community organization based in the city of Be’er Sheva, in southern Israel. Results Content analysis was used to identify the learning processes facilitated using photovoice. Four main themes emerged: (1) beyond the risk discourse; (2) the right to self-subjective recognition; (3) challenging gender constructions; (4) human rights and healthy communication. Conclusions The contribution of photovoice as a critical pedagogical tool for sexuality education is expressed in that it enables adolescents to take an active stance when it comes to creating knowledge and expressing perspectives on sexuality in daily life, to challenge the obvious; formulate and express perceptions that align with a discourse of human rights, equality, and subjectivity, as well as the ability to re-examine rigid sexual perceptions. Policy Implications Study results suggest drawing from critical pedagogy in the design of healthy sexuality programs to expand their scope beyond a narrow focus on risk and prevention and to broader aspects of healthy intimate relationships.

Against the backdrop of a strengthening of security concerns in the context of contemporary penalties (Feeley and Simon 1992; Garland 2001), this article takes as its subject the administrative investigation report written following a recent tragic incident in French-speaking Switzerland (“the Payerne drama”). It aims to analyse the discursive functioning of this document and the performative effects that the scripting of the production of security, organised therein, has on socio-judicial supervision practices.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are very common among the general and working Swiss population. The attending physician is often called upon to take care of patients with MSDs. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the contribution of professional and extra-professional factors in the etiology and/or the aggravation of these pathologies. At the same time, multidisciplinary collaboration provides help in treatment, prevention and issues of return and maintaining one's employment.

Although there is evidence that documented child neglect is strongly related to the family’s environments, environment factors are largely unexplored. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the relationship between the socio-structures in which a family is living and the number of documented cases of neglect. We used a subsample of Optimus Study 3 data, the first multi-sectoral survey of child maltreatment in Switzerland. Included in this study were 222 organizations and 4,735 cases. The number of reported cases of child neglect varied greatly between regions, up to 6-fold from the canton with the highest number to the canton with the lowest number. Multilevel analysis revealed associations between child neglect reporting rates and cantonal vacant housing rates, social welfare rates, and single-parent household rates. At the organizational level, the sector in which an incident was referred or reported had an impact on the documented incidents of child neglect.

While much effort has been devoted to the development of mental e-health interventions, the tailoring of these applications to user characteristics and needs is a comparatively novel field of research. The premise of personalizing mental e-health interventions is that personalization increases user motivation and (thereby) mitigates intervention dropout and enhances clinical effectiveness. In this study, we selected user profile parameters for personalizing a mental e-health intervention for older adults who lost their spouse. We conducted a three-round Delphi study involving an international and interdisciplinary expert panel (N = 16) with two objectives. The first aim was to elicit adaptation strategies that can be used to dynamically readjust the intervention to the user's needs. The second aim was to identify a set of meaningful indicators for monitoring the user from within the grief intervention to escalate from self-help to blended care, whenever advisable. This Delphi study used as starting point an evaluated, text-based grief intervention composed of ten modules, including psychoeducation about grief and cognitive-behavioral exercises to support the user in adjusting their lives after bereavement. Every user follows this grief intervention in a linear fashion from beginning to end. The resulting conceptual adaptation model encompasses dynamic adjustments, as well as one-time adjustments performed at the initialization of the service. On the level of the application structure, the adaptations affect when which topic module is presented to the user. The adaptations further provide strategies for adjusting the text-based content of individual intervention modules dependent on user characteristics and for selecting appropriate reactions to user input. Eighteen monitoring parameters were elicited and grouped into four categories: clinical, behavioral/emotional, interactive, and external. Parameters that were perceived as most urgent to attend to for escalation were Suicidality, Self-destructive behavior, Client-initiated escalation, Unresponsiveness and (Complicated) Grief symptoms.