Recent publications
The development of professional digital competencies is an important condition for a meaningful integration of digital technologies in mathematics education. A widely used and empirically studied approach for the professional development of in-service teachers are teacher design teams, in which lessons are collaboratively planned, implemented and reflected. However, this approach has not yet been considered for the collaboration of pre-service and in-service teachers. Therefore, this article examines in a holistic case study mixed teacher design teams composed of pre-service and in-service teachers. A total of 23 interviews were conducted with pre-service and in-service teachers and analyzed by inductive development of categories using the method of qualitative content analysis. The case study shows among other things, that the different prerequisites of the participants can lead to a relatively clear division of roles within the collaboration, which turns out to be suitable for the professionalization of both pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers.
The role of teaching, learning, and assessment with digital technology has become increasingly prominent in mathematics education. This survey paper provides an overview of how technology has been transforming teaching, learning, and assessment in mathematics education in the digital age and suggests how the field will evolve in the coming years. Based on several decades of research and educational practices, we discuss and anticipate the multifaceted impact of technology on mathematics education, thus laying the groundwork for the other papers in this issue. After a brief introduction discussing the motivations for this issue, we focus our attention on three lines of research: teaching mathematics with technology, learning mathematics with technology, and assessment with technology. We point to new research orientations that address the issue of teaching with technology, specifically describing attempts to conceptualise teachers’ mathematical and digital competencies, perspectives that view teachers as designers of digital resources, and the design and evaluation of long-term initiatives to support teachers as they develop innovative teaching practices enhanced by digital technologies. Our examination shows that learning with technology is still marked by new conceptualizations raised by researchers that can further our understanding of this complex issue. These conceptualizations support the recognition that multiple resources, ranging from paper and pencil to augmented reality, participate in the learning process. Finally, assessment with technology, especially in the formative sense, offers new possibilities for offering individualised support for learners that can benefit from adaptive systems, though more tasks for conceptual understanding need to be developed.
Mathematics teacher collaboration often involves additional participants and stakeholders besides the collaborating teachers themselves. These may include facilitators, mathematicians, researchers, administrators, policy makers or other professionals, who assume a variety of roles in regards to the endeavored collaboration. Such actors may have a significant impact on the collaboration’s productiveness, either from within the collaboration, for example when diverse perspectives are shared amongst group members with different expertise, or from the outside, for example when external actors encourage (or hinder) the creation of suitable environments for collaboration. The nature of roles taken up by participants in teacher collaboration can vary in different countries and contexts. Moreover, within teacher collaborative groups, the roles of participants may shift over time. In this chapter, we aim to explore the roles and identities of various actors involved in mathematics teacher collaboration, as well as the nature of interactions between them. We center in particular on the role of facilitators of teacher collaborations. The chapter relates to the following four foci: (1) existing theoretical framings and methodologies for researching the roles of different participants in teacher collaboration; (2) the role of facilitators in promoting mathematics teacher collaboration; (3) the professional trajectory of facilitators; and (4) the role of the environment in which the teacher collaboration is situated. We drew upon previous reviews and studies, as well as on the 16 papers presented in the Theme C sessions at the ICMI Study 25 conference.
In the current digital age, (mathematics) teachers are provided with a profusion of digital resources. Consequently, research in mathematics education has focused on teachers’ interactions with resources as the heart of their professional activity. The term Pedagogical Design Capacity (PDC) was introduced to designate teacher’s ability to perceive affordances of resources and to make decisions about how to use them efficiently. PDC has been further conceptualized to define teacher design capacity (TDC) as including a goal or points of reference for the design, a set of design principles, and reflection-in-action. This definition is illustrated with case studies involving teachers’ design of digital resources, yet it does not seem to consider the specificities of the latter. We therefore aim to further refine the concept of TDC by considering crucial components that designing technology-based tasks and their enactment in the classroom entail. We ask: What are the unique components of TDC specific to digital technology and resources? We elaborate a framework to suggest dimensions and components of mathematics teacher Digital Resource Design Capacity (DRDC) to emphasize the focus on design of digital resources. This framework is built on previous studies and on the concept of instrumental orchestration, and is refined taking into account findings from two case studies in France and Israel.
En France, l’ULIS (unité localisée pour l’inclusion scolaire) constitue un espace scolaire spécifique dont l’enseignant coordonnateur accompagne le parcours de l’élève reconnu handicapé. Fondée sur une enquête qualitative, notre recherche portait sur la réalisation du projet d’orientation des élèves affectés en ULIS. Nous nous intéressons ici à la manière dont les enseignants coordonnateurs sont confrontés à la gestion de l’entre-deux dans leurs pratiques et aux modes d’implication dans cette posture. En esquissant quelques types de positionnement, nous montrons comment les modalités des pratiques et les modalités relationnelles se font écho dans une réflexivité nourrie de l’expérience en construction.
This article reports a qualitative document analysis of India’s NEP with a view to understand how the policy embeds notions of inclusion and equity. It also highlights how the policy sets out to achieve universal access to quality education for all children in India. An analytical framework based on the Context Led Model of Education Quality was developed with a focus on the dimensions of inclusion, relevance and participation to undertake the analysis.This framework offers a novel approach to comprehensively analyse and evaluate educational policies for diverse contexts. The key findings of our analysis suggested that even though the NEP makes progressive statements towards the transformation of the current education system in India, it presents pitfalls undermining social justice concerns of education. Possible ways to address some of the challenges observed in the policy are presented.
Introduction
The inclusion of students with diverse heritage languages is an emerging issue in all OECD countries due to the global rise in international migration. With regard to their large cultural and linguistic heterogeneity, primary school classes in the French-speaking region of Switzerland are extraordinary grounds to develop inclusive teaching in context of high diversity. This research-action aims to enhance students’ status among their peers and promote equal-status participation in academic activities in such classes. The research perspective focuses on valuing diversity within classes and emphasizing students’ linguistic competence through cooperative activities.
Methods
The tested inclusive program places value on linguistic diversity and proposes multilingual cooperative activities that involve students’ family languages and require the contributions of all students. The research was conducted over the course of a school year, involving 3rd-4th grade students. It compared the evolution students’ status among peers (being chosen as a groupmate for play and work) from the beginning to the end of the school year in four classes with the inclusive program (N = 77) and four control classes without the inclusive program (N = 62).
Results
The results indicated expected changes in status: status increased in classes with the inclusive program, while it decreased in classes without the program. Moreover, the intervention specifically supported the status of vulnerable pupils. In classes with the inclusive program, students with initially low status experienced the greatest improvement, whereas in control classes, there was no correlation between initial status and changes in status. At the beginning of the school year, across all classes, students with low status participated passively, experiencing higher levels of exclusion and displaying more discrete behavior, highlighting potential initial status-problems issues. This pattern persisted in control classes without the inclusive program, where low-status students were more likely to remain passive, while initially high- status students were more likely to become leaders. In contrast, with the inclusive program, the relationship between status and participation diminished by the end of the year.
Discussion
These findings suggest that the inclusive program contributed to reducing status-related problems and promoting more equal-status participation.
Dans cet article, nous présentons la méthodologie de recherche mobilisée pour développer une modélisation et une échelle psychométrique du «rapport à l’oral», baptisée ÉRO (Échelle du Rapport à l’Oral). Nous mentionnons d’abord les grandes étapes du processus, puis nous détaillons les résultats des premières étapes du développement de l’échelle. Elles consistent à décrire le domaine et à définir les dimensions hypothétiques du «rapport à l’oral». Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé une approche tant déductive (recension des écrits) qu’inductive (entretiens).
Objective
The aim of this study is to scope the literature on what is currently known between physical activity and presenteeism.
Data Source
A search strategy was conducting in six scientific databases.
Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Studies written in English about the relation between physical activity and presenteeism were considered for inclusion.
Data Extraction
Data on definitions and measurement of presenteeism and physical activity were extracted.
Data Synthesis
The data is categorized according to the understanding of presenteeism of the studies to give a better idea of how this phenomenon is studied in relation to physical activity.
Results
After screening 9773 titles and abstracts and 269 full-text articles, 57 unique articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The majority of the articles were published since 2010 and originated predominantly in the United States. Most studies (70%) define presenteeism as lost productivity due to health problems, according to the American line of research, whereas 19% of the studies define it as “working while ill” which refers to the European line of research. The studies that reflected the American school of thought tends to report more results that supported their hypothesis (i.e., that more physical activity is associated with less presenteeism).
Conclusion
This review has highlighted the homogeneity in how presenteeism is conceptualized and measured in studies included in our sample. Research on physical activity and presenteeism should be expanded across various disciplines in social sciences to respond to the needs that many researchers have expressed to promote healthier organizations.
The slow uptake of technology by mathematics teachers is in contrast with the rapid growth in the availability of different digital resources specifically designed to help teaching and learning mathematics. We refer to platforms that were designed to permit for mathematical communication between multiple users. We seek to explore the affordances of such digital platforms to support mathematics teachers who wish to integrate technology as part of their practice, when planning and enacting technology-based mathematical activity. Specifically, we ask: What are the affordances and constraints of the platforms that may support instrumentation and instrumentalization processes leading to the development of teacher’s didactic instrument for planning and enacting a mathematical activity in a digital environment? The four platforms we chose for analysis are STEP, DESMOS, WIMS and Labomep. Our analysis shows on the one hand that the platforms afford support to the teacher while enacting technology-based mathematics activities. On the other hand, we suggest several components of didactic instrumental genesis that mathematics teachers need to develop in order to take benefit from digital platform affordances. These components include the ability to base decision-making on data gathered and visualised in dashboard embedded in learning management systems.
Background
Early exposure to Computer Science (CS) and Computational Thinking (CT) for all is critical to broaden participation and promote equity in the field. But how does the introduction of CS and CT into primary school curricula impact learning, perception, and gaps between groups of students?
Methodology
We investigate a CS-curricular reform and teacher Professional Development (PD) programme from an equity standpoint by applying hierarchical regression and structural equation modelling on student learning and perception data from three studies with, respectively, 1384, 2433 and 1644 grade 3–6 students (ages 7–11) and their 83, 142 and 95 teachers.
Results
Regarding learning, exposure to CS instruction appears to contribute to closing the performance gap between low-achieving and high-achieving students, as well as pre-existing gender gaps. Despite a lack of direct influence of what was taught on student learning, there is no impact of teachers’ demographics or motivation on student learning, with teachers’ perception of the CS-PD positively influencing learning. Regarding perception, students perceive CS and its teaching tools (robotics, tablets) positively, and even more so when they perceive a role model close to them as doing CS. Nonetheless, gender differences exist all around with boys perceiving CS more positively than girls despite access to CS education. However, access to CS-education affects boys and girls differently: larger gender gaps are closing (namely those related to robotics), while smaller gaps are increasing (namely those related to CS and tablets).
Conclusion
This article highlights how a CS curricular reform impacts learning, perception, and equity and supports the importance of (i) early introductions to CS for all; (ii) preparing teachers to teach CS all the while removing the influence of teacher demographics and motivation on student outcomes; and (iii) having developmentally appropriate activities that signal to all groups of students.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning education are entering the classrooms, and yet, the link between their introduction and the development of metacognitive components in students still needs to be addressed. We conducted an experiment with 138 elementary school students (aged 8–11) and tested how the manipulation of a learning robot affected their understanding of the basics of AI, as well as their metacognitive knowledge such as growth mindset, status of error, learning by trial-and-error, and persistence. Results show a positive shift both in students’ AI knowledge and learning beliefs, and thus demonstrate the value of teaching the basics of how AI works to develop solid metacognitive knowledge that promotes learning. Future works should measure a lasting effect on students’ learning behavior and focus on teacher training in new AI activities.
Introduction
Cooperative learning methods are particularly interesting for building more inclusive schools; however, they have not been widely implemented. Among cooperative learning methods, the Jigsaw strategy is attractive for teachers, as it seems to be easy to implement and follow its four-step teaching structure; in addition, this method is believed to improve students' socialization and learning. To identify the effects of the Jigsaw method accurately, a systematic review of studies that have tested the effects of this method on important student educational outcomes was proposed and completed using a meta-analytical approach.
Methods
A total of 69 Jigsaw studies were analyzed, and three major outcomes were retained following inductive and deductive thematic analyses: learning (including achievement and motivation), social relations, and self- esteem (including academic self-esteem and social self-esteem). When possible, complementary meta-analyses were conducted to quantify the Jigsaw effects on achievement (n = 43), motivation (n = 5), social relations (n = 4), and academic self-esteem (n = 4).
Results
The primary results of our review focused on the inconsistency of Jigsaw effects and the high degree of variability among studies with regard to all retained student educational outcomes (i.e., achievement, motivation, social relations, and academic self-esteem) with the exception of social self-esteem, for which only three studies concluded that the Jigsaw method had positive effects. Moreover, homogeneous results were observed within studies. Our review highlights several factors that may explain this variability among studies: the sample size, the diversity of students in the classroom, and the type of content taught.
Discussion
The moderating roles of these factors must be tested empirically, as they suggest ways of implementing the Jigsaw method more efficiently.
Since its first appearance as the infrastructure supporting Bitcoin, blockchain has received different waves of attention from practitioners and academics. Besides the degree of interest, the attention to blockchain has often focused not merely on its own potential and characteristics but on its applications field. However, looking at its application and deployment in domains other than cryptocurrency or the nascent non-fungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain technology does not seem to be widely adopted or is still in its early stages. Given this, we are interested in how managers and the general public are informed about new technology other than through academic papers or the specialized press. In this paper, we analyze how blockchain has been presented by speakers invited to give TED and TEDx Talks to identify the most common terms used to present blockchain in these talks using a multi-methods approach (qualitative analysis and big data analysis) and see if the discourse surrounding blockchain has shifted over time. The results of this study show how the different perspectives brought by broadcasters like TED often overshadow a technological innovation like the blockchain in its evolution and application by the fact that the focus is instead shifted to products and services built on it. Also, this study shows how different degrees of attention and expertise are associated with each fashion wave of new or emergent technology innovations.
Reading numbers is a skill required in daily life and is fundamentally different compared to reading words. Word reading follows a phonographic system, in which graphic units (e.g. letters, syllables) do not have a meaning on their own but by being assembled with other symbols to form words.
Number reading follows a logographic (or ideographic) system, in which each symbol (e.g. 1, 5,0) has a meaning in itself but can be further combined to express quantities larger than 9. During the last four decades, eye movements have allowed to generate extensive knowledge on the cognitive processes occurring while reading text, however we could not find research that targeted possible eye movement differences when reading words compared to numbers. We generated
this dataset to spot such differences.
This data article adds to the published article (a) a detailed description of the raw data publicly available in a data repository and (b) some suggestions on how these data could be used/reused.
Sustaining changes in teachers’ practices is a challenge that determines the success of curricular reforms, from which Digital Education (DE) is not exempt. As the literature on sustainability is considered “scarce” and “scattered”, long-term studies modelling the factors impacting teachers’ sustained uptake of DE pedagogical content are lacking. Thus, we investigate whether and how 287 in-service teachers sustained a primary school DE curricular reform over a year after they completed their two-year DE professional development program. We model the sustainability of the reform through Structural Equation Modelling, and identify critical sustainability-factors. The validated Sustainable Adoption of Digital Education (SADE) model confirms that sustainability in the fourth year of the reform depends on perceived usefulness of teaching the new content, ease of implementation, and access to sufficient support in schools. Such factors should thus be evaluated, accounted for in the implementation phase of the reform, and sustained over time. The findings confirm that the DE curricular reform model contributes to positive self-efficacy to teach DE, provides sufficient in-school support, and promotes increasing adoption over time. However, as teachers’ practices have not yet stabilised, and teachers may still adopt more to cover the breadth of DE-concepts, it is important to remain attentive to remaining sustainability barriers: lack of time, effort required to teach DE with teachers preferring to delegate, and lack of student-learning evidence, the latter being a significant challenge to address in the literature. These barriers must therefore be jointly addressed by researchers and practitioners in the field in order to promote the sustainability of the reform.
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