Hasanuddin University

The risk factors for stunting incidence involve categorical data in both the response and predictor variables. Therefore, we developed a sparse categorical principal component logistic regression model capable of handling data with multicollinearity. The parameters of the sparse categorical principal component logistic regression model were estimated using the maximum likelihood method and the Newton-Raphson iterative approach. The analysis yielded a likelihood ratio value of 144.81 and a chi-square statistic value of 11.07, indicating that all factors included in the model are statistically significant. The results highlight that medical history, inadequate complementary feeding, formula feeding, lack of complementary feeding programs, and lack of iron supplementation for mothers are highly associated with the risk of stunting in toddlers. This emphasizes the need for attention to maternal nutrition from pregnancy through breastfeeding, as well as the nutrition of the toddler. Some important points proposed in this method are:•Stunting data consists of categorical variables containing multicollinearity. •The method applied is sparse logistic regression combined with categorical principal component analysis. •Analysis of risk factors for stunting in toddlers is based on the child's own condition, as well as parental factors, namely age, education, and intake of additional food and supplementary tablets during pregnancy.

Bamboo has become a raw material for products such as furniture, wickerwork, carvings, household furnishings, musical instruments and construction. The aim of this research is to find out how much tensile strength Petung bamboo has after being soaked using 100% household waste water. To calculate the tensile strength of petung bamboo material, the research method is based on the ASTM D 638-02 type 1 testing standard. Petung bamboo from Tana Toraja district, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia is the material used. The petung bamboo is cut into pieces and then woven with a plain-woven pattern (one by one) measuring 250 mm x 250 mm. This woven material is then made into woven pieces of petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper). This research was carried out on a laboratory scale where woven petung bamboo was soaked in a box with varying immersion times, namely 0 week (without immersion), 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks. After immersion according to varying immersion times, proceed with making composite panels, namely combining woven pieces of petung bamboo with epoxy resin. Composite panels are made with 3 layers variations, namely 1 layer, 2 layers and 3 layers. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength The maximum tensile strength occurred at a Immersion time of 2 weeks with variations in household waste water content of 100% in the 2-layer composite of 65.54 ± 8.24 MPa and the 3-layer composite of 70.32 ± 11.42 MPa. Meanwhile, for 1-layer composites, household waste water content of 90% was 51.02 ± 6.13 MPa. The minimum tensile strength occurs at a Immersion time of 8 weeks of 22.29 ± 5.04 MPa for 1-layer composite with a household waste water content of 90%, and for 2-layer and 3-layer composites it is obtained at 100% household waste water content of 26.65 ± 12.63. MPa for the 2-layer composite while for the 3-layer composite is 32.06 ± 3.65 MPa. It can be said that at the beginning of immersion, the tensile strength value increases and then gradually decreases.

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely developed nowadays because they have superior properties. One method of manufacturing AMCs is stir-squeeze casting. This study investigated the effect of magnesium addition on 1% wt CNT reinforcement. Aluminum matrix composites made using Aluminum 6063 reinforced with 1% wt CNT added magnesium with variations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% wt) were made by a casting method which combines stir-casting at 350 Rpm for 2 minutes with squeeze-casting at a pressure of 10 Mpa for 75 seconds, cast on a metal mold heated at 450°C and an AMC casting temperature of 750°C . The results of CNT-reinforced AMC casting were studied for physical properties, namely porosity and density, mechanical properties, namely tensile strength and hardness, and microstructure characterization, namely OM and SEM. The results showed that adding magnesium can reduce porosity and increase density. The results of hardness testing also show that increasing Mg can increase hardness, and the highest hardness value is 48.8 HV at the addition of 6% Mg, with an increase of 74% from the raw material. The microstructure observation results show that adding Mg functions as a wetting agent, which causes CNTs to be evenly distributed and no accumulation occurs.

Natural fibers are widely used as reinforcement in composites and undergo development in the surrounding environment. However, natural fibers have a water-absorbing property that reduces the strength of the composite. The objective of this research was to analyze the percentage increase in water absorption of resin epoxy composite reinforced with woven ramie fibers. In this research, bisphenol a-epichlorohydrin resin epoxy and polyaminoamide hardener epoxy were utilized as the matrix with a volume fraction of 60:40. Various additions of cerepol pigment pastes (CPP) were made to the resin, specifically 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The composite was fabricated using the hand layup method, molded in a mold with dimensions of 250mm x 250mm x 4mm, and immersed in seawater for 12 days. The results of the study indicated that the woven ramie fibers reinforced composites, both without CPP and with 5% CPP, and 10% CPP, experienced the highest percentages of water absorption, which were 1.34%, 1.28%, and 1.10%, respectively, while the lowest percentages of water absorption were 0.7%, 0.6%, and 0.75%.

Metformin, a substrate of the organic cation transporters, is commonly co-prescribed with proton pump inhibitors, which inhibits these transporters. However, the clinical significance of this potential drug-drug interaction remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential and clinical relevance of the interaction between proton pump inhibitors and metformin based on published clinical evidence. PubMed and Embase were searched for studies reporting the effects of this interaction in adults (≥18 years old), published up to January 2024. Data on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects were collected and analyzed. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023456957). A total of 14 studies were included, comprising five experimental and nine observational studies. Experimental pharmacokinetic studies indicated minimal changes in metformin AUC when combined with proton pump inhibitors, with reported changes ranging from a slight decrease (-5.46%) to a moderate increase (up to +17%). Pharmacodynamic data from both experimental and observational studies supported these findings, showing minimal clinically relevant changes in HbA1c levels. However, some studies reported decreased vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using both proton pump inhibitors and metformin. Based on the current clinical evidence, the impact of drug-drug interaction between proton pump inhibitors and metformin is minimal. However, regular monitoring of glucose and vitamin B12 levels is advised for high-risk populations and those on long-term metformin and proton pump inhibitor therapy.

Ideal physical and mechanical properties and lightweight materials are the main requirements in today's transportation and automotive industries. This research aims to determine variations in Mg composition and sintering temperature of aluminum matrix composites using moulds with a powder metallurgy process on the properties and microstructure of the composite. Magnesium particles with a size of 250 μm were added to the Al-Cu-Mg-matrix at different volume ratios (1%, 1.5%). The mixture of Al, Mg, and reinforcement (Cu, ) powder was mixed at 1,500 rpm for 2 hours for homogeneous dispersion. The mixed powder is compacted at 200 MPa and sintered at different temperatures (500°C, 550°C, 600°C) and then allowed to cool slowly in the furnace. Composite character research was then done by testing density using the Archimedes principle, porosity, microhardness, wear rate, SEM characterization, quantitative analysis and EDS mapping. The optimal composite condition is characterized by a relative density of 57.45%, the lowest porosity ratio measured at 7.48%, a microhardness level of 52.1 HV and the lowest wear rate of 0.58 /m in the Al-Cu-Alumina composite with the addition of 1.5% Mg and sintered at a temperature of 600°C. This composite character is supported by the results of microstructure observations using SEM-EDS. The use of micro-in the Al-Cu-Mg composite supports the optimization of physical and mechanical characteristics as a composite worthy of being considered as the material of choice for components of transportation and automotive modes.

Background Micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women remain highly prevalent in low and middle-income countries. Multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) has been proven more beneficial than standard iron-folic acid supplementation in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Limited data on adherence to MMS in pregnant women in programmatic settings is available. Therefore, our study aims to assess adherence to the recommended intake of a multiple micronutrient supplement (UNIMMAP-MMS) in relation to demographic characteristics alongside a community-based MMS program. Method A prospective longitudinal study was performed in the Parepare district, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia, including 1216 participants. MMS was provided at the first antenatal care visit and women were followed up until delivery. The number of MMS tablets consumed, the start of MMS intake and information regarding possible intake determinants were recorded. Adherence was defined as ≥ 90 tablets. Binary logistic regression was used to assess associations between characteristics of women and adherence. Results Among the 655 women (53.9%) who started MMS intake in the first trimester, approximately 90% continued using MMS in the following trimesters and 75.3% consumed MMS ≥ 90 tablets. Among the 41.2% of women who started in the second trimester, 90% continued intake in the third trimester and 32.3% consumed ≥ 90 tablets. Only 4.9% started MMS in the third trimester. Overall adherence to MMS was 53.9%. Factors that impacted MMS intake were pregnancy interval ≤ 2y (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46, 0.92), start of MMS use in the second trimester and third trimester (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.12, 0.20) and (AOR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00, 0.04) respectively, being overweight (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04, 2.00) and experiencing no side effects (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI 1.82, 6.58). Conclusion Implementation of MMS via community health centers resulted in high adherence once supplementation started. As many women started MMS late, attention to antenatal visit planning earlier in pregnancy can be further improved.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy and technological literacy on the performance of MSMEs with social capital as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to test the effect of financial literacy and technological literacy on the performance of MSMEs with social capital as a moderating variable. The sample in this study was 120 MSME actors in Palangkaraya City. Primary data were collected through questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy and technological literacy have a positive and significant effect on MSME performance. MSME actors who have a good level of financial literacy are able to manage business finances more effectively, including in financial planning, cash management, and investment decision making. In addition, this study proves that social capital has a moderating role in the relationship between financial literacy and technological literacy on MSME performance. Social capital, which reflects social networks, trust, and norms in the business community, strengthens the influence of financial and technological literacy on MSME performance. Keywords: Financial Literacy; Technological Literacy; MSME Performance; Social Capital; Moderation Regression

Indonesia’s mining sector was ranked as the third most vulnerable to fraud according to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) survey in 2019. The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic further contributed to a 26.6% decline in sector investment in 2020 due to widespread project cancellations. Thus, this study analyzes fraudulent financial reporting and firm value from the perspective of fraud hexagon and firm size focusing on the mining sector industry in Indonesia. The panel data regression analysis was used to analyze data collected from the annual reports of mining companies in Indonesia from 2020 to 2022. The findings indicate that management pressure proxied by financial targets and measured through Return on Assets (ROA) has an effect on fraudulent financial reporting (FFR), as measured by F-Score. In addition, opportunities proxied by nature of industry affect FFR negatively. FFR also affects the value of a company as proxied by Tobin’s Q ratio. These results suggest that mining companies should set financial targets cautiously to avoid excessive pressure on management and uphold strong governance and control systems. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of raising awareness of fraudulent financial reporting, given its potentially adverse effects on a company’s going concern.

This study models the spatial distribution of yellowfin tuna (YFT) in the Banda Sea using the MaxEnt approach, addressing critical questions about its predictive capability, the influence of environmental variables such as sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration, and temporal patterns. MaxEnt was chosen for its ability to predict potential distribution areas based on presence data and environmental factors. Data utilized include fish catch records obtained from the fishing logbook of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia, chlorophyll-a concentration, and SST data sourced from ocean color satellite observations. Model performance was evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) metric. Study results reveal that significant spatial and temporal variations in YFT distribution are influenced by oceanographic factors, with the model performing best in July (AUC 0.72) and lowest in April, September, and December (AUC ~0.60). SST was the dominant variable in November (82.35%), while chlorophyll-a had the highest contribution in April (83.02%). These findings highlight the dynamic link between tuna distribution and environmental conditions. The spatial maps offer insights for optimizing fishing practices, reducing pressure on overexploited stocks, and supporting sustainable fisheries management through data-driven approaches like MaxEnt. However, the MaxEnt model has limitations such as sensitivity to multicollinearity, overfitting, and low transferability. Future research could enhance accuracy and robustness by using advanced methods like Spatial Maxent, Monte Carlo Variable Selection, or ensemble modeling to support adaptive fisheries management.

Water contamination from heavy metals and synthetic dyes presents a persistent environmental challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable remediation strategies. This review critically evaluates chitosan-based adsorbents, focusing on chitosan-activated carbon composites, and explores recent breakthroughs in structural and functional modifications that enhance their adsorption capacity. Innovations such as nanoparticle integration, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), bio-based reinforcements, and surface functionalization have significantly improved selectivity, adsorption kinetics, and regeneration potential, enabling greater adaptability for wastewater treatment. Additionally, this review highlights the emergence of hybrid water treatment technologies, including adsorption-assisted photocatalysis, electrochemical regeneration, and nanostructured filtration systems, which offer promising solutions for overcoming challenges related to adsorbent stability, scalability, and process efficiency in complex wastewater matrices. The study comprehensively evaluates these advancements, offering insights into material innovations, process optimization strategies, and their alignment with circular economy principles for sustainable water treatment applications. Future research should prioritize enhancing long-term adsorbent stability, improving regeneration efficiency, and integrating predictive modeling techniques to bridge the gap between laboratory advancements and large-scale implementation.

Marine plastic debris, particularly microplastics (MPs), is an urgent and significant threat to the global marine environment. The emergence of MPs in the marine environment and their potential presence in human-consumed seafood necessitates immediate investigation. In light of this, a study was conducted on the occurrence of MPs in shellfish collected from two locations in Makassar Strait with distinct oceanographic conditions. Three commonly consumed shellfish species (Perna viridis, Meretrix meretrix, and Mactra chinensis) were collected by fishermen and examined for microplastic contamination, with a total sample size of 170 individuals. Microplastics were extracted from the soft tissue of the bivalves using the alkaline digestion method. The results revealed a significantly higher number of microplastics ingested by P. viridis and M. chinensis in samples collected from the Sanrobengi Islands (14.64 MPs/individual and 2.29 MPs/individual, respectively), compared to the P. viridis and M. meretrix from Mandalle coastal area (0.70 MPs/individual and 1.00 MPs/individual, respectively). The predominant microplastic form detected was blue microfibres. A prevalence of MP contamination between 58 and 100% and the results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that polystyrene was the dominant polymer present, threatening the welfare of the bivalve mollusks and posing potential health risks to seafood consumers. The results emphasize the urgent need for pollution control measures such as reducing plastic waste discharges and improving waste management systems. In addition, a comprehensive study focusing on the long-term ecological and health effects of microplastic pollution is necessary to guide future policy interventions.

Nitrogen is essential nutrient that supports the growth and yield of corn. The correct dose of nitrogen fertilization is one of the keys to increasing corn productivity by its yield potential. Using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drones, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can be obtained, which can provide accurate information about the health condition of plant vegetation directly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer dose and type of maize variety on crop production and vegetation index obtained through UAV technology. This study was designed with a separate plot design and a group randomized design as the environmental design. The research was conducted by applying various doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250) and maize varieties (Sinhas, Nasa 29, HJ 36, Bisi 18, and Pioneer). The combination of all treatments resulted in 35 combinations and was repeated three times, resulting in 105 experimental units. Vegetation condition measurements were conducted using drones at time intervals (40, 55, and 70 DAP). Selection criteria were determined systematically through Pearson correlation, path, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that higher nitrogen doses increased NDVI values, which reflected better vegetation health and contributed to increased crop yields. The PCA results showed that four principal components had eigenvalues greater than 1 with a cumulative proportion of 0.21. This research indicates that using optimal nitrogen doses and vegetation health monitoring using UAVs can significantly increase maize yields. These findings provide valuable insights to increase maize production through the best maize cultivation technologies that farmers can use.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath underscore the urgent need to examine the dividend policies of green investment firms in Indonesia, particularly their responses to economic uncertainty and their influence on stock market behavior. This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the dividend policies of SRI-KEHATI firms, Indonesia’s pioneering green investment companies, before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis, as well as the market’s response to dividend announcements. Utilizing a range of robustness tests and checks, several structured-panel data regressions, and tests for abnormal and cumulative abnormal returns, the study reports a tendency for firms within the SRI-KEHATI index to maintain lower dividend policies during and after the crisis, despite certain economic indicators showing recovery post-crisis. These results reflect macroeconomic sensitivity to pre-crisis dividend policy, indicating a dynamic relationship between green investment companies’ dividend decisions and economic conditions. Findings also reveal that investor sentiment regarding dividends became increasingly selective post-crisis, emphasizing the need for financial stability and sustainability. Additionally, market reactions were markedly strong during the crisis but weaker and often negative in the pre-crisis period. These findings highlight the sensitivity of dividend policies to macroeconomic conditions and the intricate balance between financial stability and sustainability commitments in green investment firms. Managerially, the results emphasize the need for adaptive dividend policies that respond to economic fluctuations while reinforcing investor confidence through a focus on long-term financial resilience and sustainability. For investors, the research underscores the critical role of dividend stability as a signal of enduring value creation.