Recent publications
Objectives
Malaria continues to be the primary cause of mortality worldwide, and timely recognition and prompt intervention are crucial in mitigating adverse consequences. This review article aims to examine the effectiveness and structural characteristics of quinoline-based compounds as antimalarial agents. It specifically focuses on their therapeutic effects as well as potential prospects for exploring structure-activity relationship (SAR). In addition, this study aims to identify lead compounds that can efficiently battle multidrug-resistant forms of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.
Methods
A comprehensive review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of quinoline-based antimalarial medications in eradicating P. falciparum and P. vivax. The mechanism of action and SAR of these compounds were analyzed
Results
Quinoline-based antimalarials demonstrated significant effectiveness in eliminating P. falciparum parasites, particularly in regions severely impacted by malaria, including Africa and Asia. These compounds were found to exhibit tolerance and immune-modulating properties, indicating their potential for more widespread utilization. The investigation identified various new quinoline compounds with improved antimalarial activity, including metal-chloroquine complexes, diaminealkyne chloroquines, and cinnamoylated chloroquine hybrids. This study explored different mechanisms by which these compounds interact with parasites, including their ability to accumulate in the parasite’s acidic food vacuoles and disrupt heme detoxification. The derivatives demonstrated strong efficacy against chloroquine-resistant strains and yielded positive results.
Conclusion
Quinoline-based compounds represent a promising avenue for combating malaria due to their demonstrated efficacy against P. falciparum and P. vivax parasites. Further research on their mechanisms of action and SAR could lead to the development of more effective antimalarial medications.
Inulin, a naturally occurring storage polysaccharide, boasts a broad spectrum of applications in the realms of both food and pharmaceutical industries. Inulin is a soluble dietary fiber found widely in plants, primarily derived from various plant sources. Acknowledged as a reserve biopolysaccharide in plants, it attains status as an indigestible carbohydrate owing to its unique β-(2,1)-glycosidic bond structure. Given its ubiquitous presence in nature and its pivotal role in various industries, there has been a growing focus on the extraction, isolation, and characterization of inulin in recent years. Recent studies, both in animals and humans, have demonstrated that functional inulin exhibits a range of bioactivities, including immunomodulation, antioxidant properties, antitumor effects, hepatoprotection, hypoglycemic effects, and gastrointestinal protection. The growing popularity of inulin has led to an increased consumption of foods containing this compound. Additionally, inulin is promising as a bioactive substance for the development of various food products. The initial segment of this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental features of inulin. This includes an exploration of its production, applications in industries such as food and cosmetics, its positive impact on human health, and its primary nutraceutical properties. Special attention is given to delving into the techniques employed for the extraction and purification of inulin. The objective is to establish a theoretical foundation for further advancements in the preparation and utilization of inulin in pharmaceutical fields. This chapter endeavors to elucidate the myriad and interconnected roles of inulin, highlighting its crucial contributions to the progress of healthcare and biomedicine. It delves into the recent advancements made in inulin-based therapeutics, culminating in a discussion that draws valuable insights into the prospects and opportunities within the realm of inulin applications.
This chapter examines inulin, a naturally occurring polysaccharide renowned for its substantial health advantages and adaptable industrial uses. Inulin is a soluble dietary fiber that is resistant to digestion. It is derived from sources such as chicory root, Jerusalem artichoke, garlic, and onions. Inulin reaches the colon where it is fermented by gut microbiota. Inulin has undergone a historical transformation from a basic carbohydrate to a powerful prebiotic, serving important functions in gut health, weight control, blood sugar regulation, and mental well-being, as evidenced by numerous case studies. Industrially, inulin improves the consistency of food and beverages, provides stability, and acts as a substitute for fat and sugar. It also serves as a functional component in pharmaceuticals and a moisturizing agent in cosmetics. Inulin, which has been approved as safe by regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), is recommended to be consumed at a daily intake of 10–20 g. Higher doses can be tolerated well if introduced gradually. Ongoing research has revealed the potential of genetic modification and microbial fermentation in improving mineral absorption and promoting mental well-being. These advancements have also led to increased efficiency in production. Novel applications, such as the utilization of 3D-printing technology to create food and the development of synbiotic products, serve to broaden the range of uses for this technology. To summarize, inulin is a versatile ingredient that offers potential health benefits and has a wide range of applications in various industries. It is expected to continue advancing in the future.
The current study examined the general fractional derivative of the fractional order in the context of an incomplete treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Utilizing the fixed-point technique and nonlinear analysis, we arrived at certain theoretical conclusions on the existence and stability of the solution. The well-known Laplace transform method was used to calculate the arithmetic output of the model under consideration. This approach depends upon an elementary principle of fractional calculus. For each case of general fractional derivative, numerical simulation was also provided, each one linked with a particular fractional order in (0,1).
Piezoelectric nanocomposites have become increasingly popular in the field of energy harvesting systems. An investigation into PVDF electrospun nanocomposite membrane doped with varying weight percentages of Ce ³⁺ is presented. A blue shift in the bandgap of the ceria NPs was found by optical characterisation using absorbance analysis, which also enhanced UV absorption in the PVDF polymer. At some additive doses, luminosity analysis demonstrated an incremental fluorescence impact. But above a certain point, additional increases seemed to have quenching effects, which decreased fluorescence. FTIR examination of the composite nanofiber membrane showed that the inclusion of NPs increased the amount of β sheets; this was especially optimized at a 5% concentration of ceria NPs in the PVDF solution. This novel ultrasensitive PVDF with ceria 5wt % nanogenerator produced a maximum of 9 V at an applied load of 3 N at a frequency of 1.5 Hz whereas pure PVDF generated only 3 V which clearly proves the enhanced pizoactivity of PVDF Ceria based nanomembrane. The formed oxygen vacancies according to tri-valent cerium ions, which have been showed through optical characteristics, supports the nucleation of PVDF chains around ceria NPs. The resultant PVDF/ceria nanomembrane demonstrated a remarkable maximum power density of 89 mW/m ² , demonstrating its load-bearing capability. With its dual functionality as an optical sensor and an energy harvesting unit, this adaptable nanocomposite shows potential for use in multifunctional devices.
Groundwater recharge is an essential element of enhancing global water governance. This is conspicuous over areas like West Bengal, India, which face natural and manmade water resource challenges. This particular study aims at improving the estimation of groundwater recharge using the Modified Water Balance Model (MWBM), which has been integrated with Google Earth Engine (GEE) and high-resolution remote sensing data here in application for groundwater. The method used consists of MODIS land surface temperature and CHIRPS precipitation data efficiently maps groundwater recharge estimation for various districts of West Bengal. The MWBM utilizes the geospatial analytic capabilities of GEE and above calculations in MWBM in creating recharge estimations that are geographically referenced. The majority of the results showed significant differences in the spatial recharge characteristics of the aquifers across the study region. High recharge was found in Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri district because of the high rainfall but low and constant recharge potential in Bankura and Purba Bardhaman districts due to less permeable rock layers. Within MWBM, improvements in groundwater management include the use of remote sensing techniques as well as modernization of computational processes to enhance recharge estimates. The present study not only aims at improving the accuracy of recharge estimation methods but also suggests a workable approach in the context of water resource management plans.
The analysis aimed to prepare an in-situ implant (ISFI) formulation holding dimethyl fumarate as (a model drug) using cross-linked gellan gum by homogenization method. Cross-linking of gellan gum was done with L-cysteine to improve its gelation properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and (DSC) Differential scanning calorimetry were used to test the compatibility of the drug-polymer. The diverse formulations were prepared and tested using Design Expert® ver 8.0.1 software to optimize the experiment technique and employ the response surface. The tissue compatibility of the test verified the existence of non-irritants in the established formulation. All preparations contained the drug content from approximately 97.98 to 99.88%. Viscosities are ideal for injection in the optimized formulation (1,55 percent w/w in water). The optimized formula was monitored, and up to 156 hours, it was found to be 95.7%. The result was that ISFI can effectively monitor and control the delivery of several powerful drug products.
Background
Currently, aluminium alloys are extensively employed in many sectors due to their desirable characteristics such as rigidity, low weight, appropriate heat conductivity, and malleability. The alloy's mechanical characteristics will enhance as the solidification rate increases. Given the potential of aluminium (Al) alloys and their composites for both light structural and biomedical applications, it is wise to explore the development of a new Al component. Additionally, it is necessary to monitor recent trends in the development of functional Al-alloy and composite materials through an extensive patent search. Examining current patents in the relevant field justifies the need to study this element.
Method
The present paper reports the study on a novel aluminium composite cast developed through a clean liquid metallurgical route, to assess the metallurgical, chemical, and mechanical parameters using an optical microscope, EDX, EDS, and SEM analysis. The novel composite Al-5GNPs-1SiC were prepared by stir casting technique at 600 rpm for 15 minutes. The solidified ingots were subjected to heat treatment, such as ice water quenching, followed by ageing the quenched novel aluminium composite at 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C for two hours. For evaluation of hardness, tensile strength and microstructure; the desired samples were prepared as per usual standards. Graphene and silicon carbide reinforced aluminium composite were made in this study, both reinforced particles are dispersed homogenously in the aluminium matrix, making them an efficient reinforcing filer to avoid deformation.
Results
The Al matrix with (5 wt. %) graphene and (1 wt. %) silicon carbide had 136 MPa yield strength, 266 MPa ultimate strength, 15 (%) elongation, and 106 (VHN) at aged 200°C. Furthermore, the morphological changes in the surface caused by ageing were analysed using a scanning electron microscope, as is the fracture appearance of the shattered specimen exposed to tensile strain. The results show that the silicon carbide particles do not have a higher impact in the phase transformation process during composite solidification up to (1 wt. %) because they have no significant influence on the novel composite phase structure. According to the SEM images, the dimples and cleavages are increased with (5 wt %) of graphene particles added to the Al matrix. A combination of ductile and brittle modes of fracture was identified during the tensile test of the novel composite, according to fractography analysis performed on the samples using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures.
Conclusion
Stir casting and quench ageing produce remarkable mechanical characteristics and structural homogeneity in the Al-5GNPs-1SiC novel composite.
The unique properties of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and their potential as visible-light photocatalysts have sparked lots of interest because of its broad availability, superior visible light absorption, affordability and durability....
Background
The idea behind the Internet of Things is to bring the virtual world into the physical one by connecting commonplace items. With the help of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is possible to remotely sense or control objects through preexisting network infrastructure. This opens up possibilities for computer-based systems to integrate with the physical world, which in turn improves efficiency, accuracy, and economic benefit while reducing the need for human intervention.
Objective
The purpose of this patent study is to investigate how a (NSGA-II) multi-objective genetic algorithm might be utilized to optimize the execution of an Internet of Things (IoT) temperature monitoring Box-Type Solar Cooker (BTSC). To determine the best set of output parameters for an IoT temperature monitoring box-type solar cooker, (NSGA-II) multi-objective genetic algorithms are used to perform optimizations of the figure of merits (F2), cooking power, cooker efficiency, and final water temperature.
Methods
The present research work involves the development of a Wi-Fi module system integrated with a smart temperature monitoring system for a BTSC. Keeping track of the temperature data from different locations in the BTSC through the IoT system was the primary objective of this project. A waterproof temperature sensor (DS18B20) was used to keep monitoring. After that, the data was shown on an LCD, stored on a microSD card, and made available through a smartphone. The Blynk Applications' IoT was employed. Using existing data, regression-based computational models are developed to describe the complex correlations between the decision-processing parameters and the input parameters of an IOT-based solar cooker. These models are applied in the objective functions after determining that a genetic algorithm is more appropriate for the problem. To forecast the optimal values about the figure of merits (F2), cooking power, cooker efficiency, and final water temperature, the Pareto fronts have been developed.
Results
We compare the values of response variables that were gathered experimentally with the values that were predicted by NSGA-II. The predicted values are found to be quite close to experimental values. This indicates that the multi-objective optimization method, as used in this study, has very good prediction performance. The test results are graphically shown using the error bar. Therefore, it is clear that the optimization process used to adjust the parameters of the solar cooker's performance has been quite effective. According to the findings of the experiment, the temperature at which a cooking pot remained stagnant on average was 158°C. It was determined that the cooker was of class A based on the values of the first figure of merit (F1), the second figure of merit (F2), and the cooking power (P), which were respectively 0.132, 0.359, and 86.108 W. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of the IoT-base temperature monitoring box type solar cooker is 39.99 %.
Conclusion
The findings of this inquiry furthermore produced the outcome that the model provided can be applied conveniently with a confidence level of 95% to calculate the figure of merits (F2), cooking power, cooker efficiency, and final water temperature value of an Internet of Things-based temperature monitoring BTSC. The performance of IoT-based BTSC is optimized by providing real- time monitoring and data visualization, ultimately improving their efficiency and reliability. This research provides an educational tool to promote awareness and understanding of renewable energy sources and their potential benefits.
This study explores the multifaceted attributes of quinoa crude protein, shedding light on its potential applications in various fields. Quinoa is a crop with great potential because of its high nutritious contents and is the subject of growing interest due to its potential health benefits. This research aims to uncover the properties and applications of quinoa crude protein, including its protein content, antimicrobial potential, protease activity, and anticancer potential. Extracted crude protein from Quinoa seed was estimated using the Folin Lowry method, and SDS-PAGE to identify distinct protein profiles. The antimicrobial activity of the crude protein was assessed through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Protease activity was measured, and the cytotoxicity of the crude protein was determined on various cell lines. The study found that quinoa crude protein contains 0.354 mg/gm of protein, though this may vary based on quinoa variety and growth conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis identified four prominent proteins with minimal disruption during extraction. The protein exhibited strong antimicrobial potential, with low MIC values against specific bacterial strains. The quinoa crude hydrolysate displayed significant protease activity, indicating potential industrial applications. The cytotoxicity of the protein was dose-dependent, with a notable impact on cancer cells. Quinoa crude protein holds promise for diverse applications. Its variable protein content, antimicrobial potential, protease activity, and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells all suggest its potential in fields ranging from nutrition and health to biotechnology and industry.
An energy material has been developed using a one-step chemical reduction method, incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that encapsulate micro-sized silicon (mSi) flakes. SEM investigation revealed complete encapsulation of silicon flakes by AgNP’s dendritic structure, EDX confirmed the deposition of Ag on Si flakes. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of silver and silicon oxides. In a three-cell configuration, the low equivalent series resistance and charge transfer resistance indicated that Ag served as the conductive channel for charge transfer. The CV curves displayed a 1.7 V voltage window attributed to amorphous SiO2, which offered a significant specific capacitance of 330.6 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹. The pseudocapacitive nature of the developed material, in comparison to other Ag-based composites and pseudocapacitive materials, achieved an energy density of 37.83 Wh kg⁻¹ and a power density of 6374 W kg⁻¹ at a current density of 7.5 A g⁻¹ in a three-cell configuration. The nanostructured Ag combined with mSi is suitable as a renewable charge storage material.
The aim . The synthesis of nanoparticles through green methods is a biologically safe, cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. This study focuses on the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using aqueous stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia. Additionally, this research explores the formulation of an acetyl amine-modified xanthan gum-based gel incorporating curcumin and a solution of Cu ⁺⁺ nanoparticles, and investigates its wound healing activity.
Materials and methods . The shade-dried stem of Tinospora cordifolia was extracted with distilled water, which serves as a bio-reducing agent for the synthesis of Cu ⁺⁺ nanoparticles. Copper sulphate was added to the extract at room temperature using a magnetic stirrer. The visual color change during the addition indicates the formation of nanoparticles, which was further confirmed by UV spectroscopy and particle size analysis. The modified xanthan gum-based gel formulation was prepared using curcumin and a solution of Cu ⁺⁺ nanoparticles, and its wound healing activity was evaluated using the excision method, along with antimicrobial activity assessed by the cup and plate method.
Results and discussion . UV absorption was observed at 261 nm, and the particle size was measured at 188 nm, confirming the formation of nanoparticles. The gel containing curcumin and Cu ⁺⁺ nanoparticles was prepared using modified xanthan gum. The nanocomposite exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negative bacteria. The group treated with the modified xanthan gum-based curcumin and nano copper composite demonstrated significant wound closure by day 16±2.
Conclusion . The synthesis of Cu ⁺⁺ nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia and the formulation of a gel with modified xanthan gum and curcumin as a drug were successfully achieved. The gel formulation demonstrated significant antibacterial and wound healing activities, attributed to synergistic effect of Tinospora cordifolia, curcumin, and Cu ⁺⁺ nanoparticles.
The Himalayan region frequently exhibits natural hazards and disasters. Technical records of these events’ causal agents may help to model and forecast futuristic incidents. On 30 June 2024, a snow avalanche triggered just before sunrise on the Kedarnath south face of the Indian Himalayas, depositing its runout at Chorabari’s Companion glacier. This research investigates the factors contributing to the avalanche’s formation, triggering, and motion. To achieve the objectives of this study, remote sensing data, meteorological variables from the ERA5 dataset, and terrain characteristics from a digital elevation model were harnessed. In addition, recordings of videos and photos of the incident shared via social media were used in this research to understand the situation on the ground. The region likely experienced isotropic climatic conditions, at higher ridges occasionally receiving sparse snowfall, thus forming fresh snow. This study derived the factors that triggered this avalanche, such as a sudden rise in the region’s temperature and the higher ridges of the Kedarnath southeast face being in direct sight of the Sun rays. The type of avalanche that happened was a powder avalanche, which plummeted downhill while sweeping along more and more snow on its way for a distance of 3.25 km. The terrain that supported the avalanche motion has slopes downhill varying between 30° and 75° with southeast and south aspect walls. The avalanche started at ~ 6350 m and terminated at ~ 4190 m, where the slope was less than 15°. The research appreciates the usability of in situ data like photos and videos shared through social media; social media data, available during natural hazards and disasters like those discussed in this research, can complement the earth observation data for geospatial analysis.
A series of novel N-arylsulfonylated C-homoaporphine alkaloids were synthesized under microwave irradiation and evalu-ated for their in vitro antiplatelet and antimicrobial activities. Among the series, compounds 12a, 12c, 12e, 12f, 12h, 12j, 12k, 12m, and 12o demonstrated highly potent (~3-fold) platelet aggregation inhibitory activity than acetylsalicylic acid (IC50 = 21.34 µg/mL). Several N-sulphonylated C-homoaporphines also exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against various strains, including Macrophoma phaseolina, Trichoderma reesei, and Aspergillus niger, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 12.5 µg/mL, 6.25 µg/mL, and 12.5 µg/mL, respectively, comparable to Ketoconazole [MIC = 12.5 µg/mL (MP and AN strain); 6.25 µg/mL (TR strain)]. 12h showed potent antibacterial activity (IC50 = 6.25 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) compared to Ampicillin (IC50 = 12.5 µg/mL). After thorough structure−activity rela-tionship (SAR) and in silico studies; C-homoaporphines were identified as a novel class of antiplatelet and antimicrobial agents.
Cefuroxime axetil, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, has long been utilized to treat various bacterial infections. However, recent advances in nanotechnology have provided new directions for enhancing its effectiveness through the development of innovative nanoformulations. Cefuroxime axetil, which is classified as a β-lactam agent, has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. This drug exists in polymorphous crystalline and amorphous forms, the latter of which exhibits superior bioavailability. This review explores the pharmacokinetic and various pharmacodynamic properties and mechanisms of action of cefuroxime axetil. Moreover, the challenges posed by the drug’s poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability, and the potential of nanoformulations to address these limitations and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of this agent, are discussed.
In this study, we conduct a comprehensive investigation of the novel characteristics of the (2 + 1)-dimensional stochastic Hirota–Maccari System (SHMS), which is a prominent mathematical model with significant applications in the field of nonlinear science and applied mathematics. Specifically, SHMS plays a critical role in the study of soliton dynamics, nonlinear wave propagation, and stochastic effects in complex physical systems such as fluid dynamics, optics, and plasma physics. In order to account for the abrupt and significant fluctuation, the aforementioned system is investigated using a Wiener process with multiplicative noise in the Itô sense. The considered equation is studied by the new extended direct algebraic method (NEDAM) and the modified Sardar sub-equation (MSSE) method. By solving this equation, we systematically derived the novel soliton solutions in the form of dark, dark-bright, bright-dark, singular, periodic, exponential, and rational forms. Additionally, we also categorize and analyze the W-shape, M-shape, bell shape, exponential, and hyperbolic soliton wave solutions, which are not documented by researchers. The bifurcation, chaos and sensitivity analysis has been depicted which represent the applicability of the system in different dynamics. These findings greatly advance our knowledge of nonlinear wave events in higher-dimensional stochastic systems both theoretically and in terms of possible applications. These findings are poised to open new avenues for future research into the applicability of stochastic nonlinear models in various scientific and industrial domains.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) stays gaining popularity in advanced industries like aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and energy outstanding by its ability to create intricate, customized structures. Key drivers include design freedom, light weighting, rapid prototyping, and supply chain optimization. However, the study discusses the challenges of poor surface quality in traditional manufacturing processes and the potential of AM to create advanced thermal spray coatings. It places of interest that need for precise and uniform coatings across industrial components. Surface coating approach permits exact control over coating thickness, microstructure, and fabric composition, upgrading surface quality and encouraging customization for particular applications.s The study also highlights AM’s rapid prototyping and iteration capabilities, accelerating the development cycle and improving coating solutions. This consider analyzes a few sorts of coatings, such as coordinate vitality testimony, cover streaming, powder bed combination, warm splash coatings, and sheet cover. The combination of AM and warm splash coatings empowers engineers and analysts to extend the wear, erosion, oxidation resistance, electrical conductivity, and other key properties of delivered parts. The integration also handles AM difficulties such as roughness of the surface, dimensional precision and material compatibility. This strategy is consistent with the industry’s goal for sustainable and resource-efficient production techniques, optimizing material utilization, minimizing waste, and increasing part longevity through improved surface qualities.
Fe-based alloys have recently become well-known for their ability to resist wear and corrosion. Iron, the primary component of alloys, is a cheaper option than alloys made from Co and Ni. There is a need for affordable and easily obtainable coatings based on iron. Coatings in the Fe–Ni–Cr system have demonstrated superior wear resistance compared to other commonly used Fe-based metallic coatings. The Fe-12Ni17Cr2.5Mo2.3Si0.03C based (Metco 41C) metallic coatings were applied onto boiler steel substrates using the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying method. The coatings were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a microhardness tester to determine their density, porosity, microstructure, hardness, and surface roughness. The sliding wear behavior of the substrate and coatings was studied using the pin-on-disk tribometer. Figuring out the wear loss and coefficient of friction. Comparison was made of wear results between the substrate, coatings, and composite coatings. By combining these carbide powders with 30% SiC and WC-12Co particles, the coating’s wear resistance is enhanced in comparison to the Metco 41C coating. In comparison to boiler steel, the Metco 41C + SiC and Metco 41C + WC–Co coatings exhibited a roughly 70% and 40% reduction in volume loss compared with boiler steel respectively.
Institution pages aggregate content on ResearchGate related to an institution. The members listed on this page have self-identified as being affiliated with this institution. Publications listed on this page were identified by our algorithms as relating to this institution. This page was not created or approved by the institution. If you represent an institution and have questions about these pages or wish to report inaccurate content, you can contact us here.
Information
Address
Jaipur, India
Website