Grenoble Alpes University

A 33 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet (33 T-CSM) is under development. The 33 T-CSM consists of a REBCO insert coil and Nb3Sn/NbTi outsert coils. The REBCO insert coil is designed to generate 19 T in the external field of 14 T. The REBCO insert coil is composed of stacked 64 single pancake coils wound with two bundled REBCO tapes. The inner and outer diameters of the REBCO insert coil are 68 mm and 295 mm, respectively. The REBCO coil is impregnated with epoxy resin for conduction cooling. To prevent delamination of the superconducting layer by thermal stress, the fluorine-coated polyimide tape is co-wound with REBCO tapes and to prevent degradation of superconductivity by electromagnetic stress, reinforcing tape is also co-wound. According to 2D-FEM, it is shown that the circumferential strain ϵθ under applying electromagnetic force is 0.29%. The results of 2D-FEM also suggest that stress concentration occurs at the connection between the coil and the bus bar, and at the widthwise end of the REBCO tape. In this paper, the basic design of the insert coil and the results of FEM analysis will be described.

Assortment “variety” is a major factor influencing consumer attraction. Brands and firms use five assortment management strategies to improve consumers’ perception of variety (size, composition, arrangement, visual layout, and textual information). This paper breaks down Perceived Assortment Variety (PAV) into its constituent parts (numerosity and diversity) and investigates the effect of each strategy on each component of PAV through meta-regressions on experimental studies (61 papers, 135 studies, cumulative N = 66,638). Assortment size increase has a linear positive effect on perceived numerosity, but a positive and marginally decreasing effect on perceived diversity. In contrast, arrangement and visual layout have a negative and marginally increasing effect on perceived diversity, and a stronger effect than assortment size increase on diversity perception above 38 and 58 items respectively. These findings have practical and theoretical implications for assortment management. A supplementary analysis on 44 non-experimental papers extends the results for PAV to behavioral outcomes.

Background While it's clear that autonomous motivation significantly boosts academic success, there are conflicting findings regarding the opposite relation. Besides, the reciprocal relations among controlled motivation and achievement present mixed results. Adequately distinguishing between variations among individuals and within individuals results key to acknowledge such relations. Aim This longitudinal study examines the reciprocal relations between controlled and autonomous forms of motivation and academic achievement using the RI‐CLPM methodology. Sample Participants were 1042 high school students (M = 16 years, 52% male adolescents) from 16 different high schools in urban and rural areas. Methods A random intercept cross‐lagged panel model (RI‐CLPM) was tested to estimate whether students' autonomous and controlled motivation predicted achievement and/or vice versa. Independent models were estimated for the two types of motivation. Results Overall, the RI‐CLPM results indicated a unidirectional relationship between autonomous motivation and achievement. As for controlled motivation, the results of RI‐CLPM models showed no reciprocal relationship between this type of motivation and achievement. Conclusions These results underline the importance of taking within‐ and between‐person processes into account when analysing reciprocal relations and provide crucial insights for enhancing student motivation and achievement in diverse educational contexts.

The nanoscale mechanisms of ion deintercalation in battery cathode materials remain poorly understood, especially the relationship between crystallographic defects (dislocations, small angle grain boundaries, vacancies, etc), device performance, and durability. In this work, operando scanning X‐ray diffraction microscopy (SXDM) and multi‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (MCXD) are used to investigate microstrain and lattice tilt inhomogeneities inside Li1 − x Ni0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode particles during electrochemical cycling and their influence on the material degradation. Using these techniques, microscale lattice degradation mechanisms are investigated inside single crystals, extend it to an inter‐particle scale, and correlate it with the long‐term degradation of the cathode. During cycling, a crystal lattice deformation is observed, associated with phase transitions and inherent lattice defects in the measured particle. Residual misorientations are observed in the structure even after full discharge, indicating an irreversible structural change of the lattice. However, after long‐term cycling such lattice misorientations together with active material dissolution are further exacerbated only in a subset of particles, suggesting high heterogeneity of degradation mechanisms between the cathode particles. Selective degradation of particles could be caused by varying crystal quality across the sample, highlighting the need for a deep understanding of defect microstructures to enable a more rational design of materials with enhanced durability.

Background Non-face-to-face interventions offer promise, with cognitive training showing potential but inconsistent efficacy in problem gambling. Methods We conducted a non-face-to-face, parallel, randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial to evaluate training programs in adults with problem gambling (CPGI ≥5). Participants were randomized 1:1 to a web-based cognitive training program targeting inhibition unrelated to addiction cues or a control program on visuo-spatial functioning. Both programs benefited from weekly phone calls to support engagement and transferability to daily life. A mixed community and out-patient sample was recruited at the national-level. The primary outcome was change in CPGI at week 6. Secondary outcomes were change in impulsivity, gambling behavior and quality of life at 6 and 14 weeks. Results 187 participants were screened, with 185 randomized: 93 to intervention and 92 to control. No significant differences were found between groups for any outcome. Mean PGSI change at 6 weeks was −2.75, 95% CI [−12.95; 7.44] in the experimental arm versus −2.44, 95% CI [−13.52; 8.64] in controls, p = 0.76. 34% of participants were classed as no longer problem gamblers at week 14. Intervention acceptability was moderate, with 21 participants (22.58%) in the experimental group, and 32 (34.78%) controls never accessing the platform ( p = 0.07). Conclusions Further research is needed to optimize cognitive interventions in problem gambling, to improve engagement and to demonstrate their added value beyond minimal intervention. For a number of problem gamblers, minimal telephone interventions appeared to be sufficient to reduce gambling. Objective account-based gambling data will provide valuable insights into long-term and objective effects.

Purpose This study proposes a novel, contrast‐free Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) method using balanced Steady‐State Free Precession (bSSFP) sequences for the quantification of cerebral blood volume (CBV), vessel radius (R), and relaxometry parameters (T, T, T*) in the brain. Methods The technique leverages the sensitivity of bSSFP sequences to intra‐voxel frequency distributions in both transient and steady‐state regimes. A dictionary‐matching process is employed, using simulations of realistic mouse microvascular networks to generate the MRF dictionary. The method is validated through in silico and in vivo experiments on six healthy subjects, comparing results with standard MRF methods and literature values. Results The proposed method shows strong correlation and agreement with standard MRF methods for T and T values. High‐resolution maps provide detailed visualizations of CBV and microvascular structures, highlighting differences in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) regions. The measured GM/WM ratio for CBV is 1.91, consistent with literature values. Conclusion This contrast‐free bSSFP‐based MRF method offers an new approach for quantifying CBV, vessel radius, and relaxometry parameters. Further validation against DSC imaging and clinical studies in pathological conditions is warranted to confirm its clinical utility.

We seek the conditions in which Alfvén waves (AW) can be produced in laboratory-scale liquid metal experiments, i.e. at low magnetic Reynolds Number (Rm). Alfvén waves are incompressible waves propagating along magnetic fields typically found in geophysical and astrophysical systems. Despite the high values of Rm in these flows, AW can undergo high dissipation in thin regions, for example in the solar corona where anomalous heating occurs (Davila, Astrophys. J., vol. 317, 1987, p. 514; Singh & Subramanian, Sol. Phys., vol. 243, 2007, pp. 163–169). Understanding how AW dissipate energy and studying their nonlinear regime in controlled laboratory conditions may thus offer a convenient alternative to observations to understand these mechanisms at a fundamental level. Until now, however, only linear waves have been experimentally produced in liquid metals because of the large magnetic dissipation they undergo when Rm≪1 and the conditions of their existence at low Rm are not understood. To address these questions, we force AW with an alternating electric current in a liquid metal in a transverse magnetic field. We provide the first mathematical derivation of a wave-bearing extension of the usual low-Rm magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) approximation to identify two linear regimes: the purely diffusive regime exists when Nω, the ratio of the oscillation period to the time scale of diffusive two-dimensionalisation by the Lorentz force, is small; the propagative regime is governed by the ratio of the forcing period to the AW propagation time scale, which we call the Jameson number Ja after (Jameson, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 19, issue 4, 1964, pp. 513–527). In this regime, AW are dissipative and dispersive as they propagate more slowly where transverse velocity gradients are higher. Both regimes are recovered in the FlowCube experiment (Pothérat & Klein, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 761, 2014, pp. 168–205), in excellent agreement with the model up to Ja≲0.85 but near the Ja=1 resonance, high amplitude waves become clearly nonlinear. Hence, in electrically driving AW, we identified the purely diffusive MHD regime, the regime where linear, dispersive AW propagate, and the regime of nonlinear propagation.

Preeclampsia (PE) is the most threatening pathology of human pregnancy. Placenta from PE patients releases harmful factors that contribute to the exacerbation of the disease. Among these factors is the prokineticin1 (PROK1) and its receptor, PROKR2 that we identified as a mediators of PE. Here we tested the effects of PKRA, an antagonist of PROKR2, on the attenuation of PE symptoms. We used the genetic PE mouse model, STOX1 that overexpresses Stox1 gene in a heterozygosis manner in the placenta. This model allowed exploiting two genotypes of the offspring, those that overexpress the Stox1 gene, and the WT that grow in a PE environment (STE). We characterised the effect PKRA (1 μM) on the attenuation of PE symptoms and compared its effects on STOX1 and STE placentas. We also used STOX1 overexpressing trophoblast cells to decipher the PROK1‐underlying mechanism. We demonstrated that (i) antagonisation of PROKR2 attenuated PE‐mediated hypertension and proteinuria, (ii) STE placentas and foetuses exhibited better outcomes in response to PKRA, (iii) the secretome of STOX1‐trophoblasts impacted the integrity of the fetal vasculature that was attenuated by PKRA treatment. This study demonstrates the direct involvement of the PROK1 in PE and identifies PKRA as a promising therapy for PE.

Most earth-dam failures are mainly due to seepage, and an accurate assessment of the permeability coefficient provides an indication to avoid a disaster. Parametric uncertainties are encountered in the seepage analysis, and may be reduced by an inverse procedure that calibrates the simulation results to observations on the real system being simulated. This work proposes an adaptive Bayesian inversion method solved using artificial neural network (ANN) based Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. The optimized surrogate model achieves a coefficient of determination at 0.98 by ANN with 247 samples, whereby the computational workload can be greatly reduced. It is also significant to balance the accuracy and efficiency of the ANN model by adaptively updating the sample database. The enrichment samples are obtained from the posterior distribution after iteration, which allows a more accurate and rapid manner to the target posterior. The method was then applied to the hydraulic analysis of an earth dam. After calibrating the global permeability coefficient of the earth dam with the pore water pressure at the downstream unsaturated location, it was validated by the pore water pressure monitoring values at the upstream saturated location. In addition, the uncertainty in the permeability coefficient was reduced, from 0.5 to 0.05. It is shown that the provision of adequate prior information is valuable for improving the efficiency of the Bayesian inversion. Cite this article as: AN Lu, CARVAJAL Claudio, DIAS Daniel, PEYRAS Laurent, JENCK Orianne, BREUL Pierre, ZHANG Ting-ting. Adaptive Bayesian inversion of pore water pressures based on artificial neural network: An earth dam case study [J].

Vortex beams are currently drawing a great deal of interest, from fundamental research to several promising applications. While their generation in bulky optical devices limits their use in integrated complex systems, metasurfaces have recently proven successful in creating optical vortices, especially in the linear regime. In the nonlinear domain, of strategic importance for the future of classical and quantum information, to date orbital angular momentum has only been created in qualitative ways, without discussing discrepancies between design and experimental results. Here, we demonstrate and analyze the generation of high-purity second harmonic (SH) optical vortices via dielectric meta-holograms. Through full-wave simulations and a proper fabrication protocol, we achieve efficient frequency doubling of an unstructured pump beam into SH vortices with topological charges from 1 to 10. Interferometric and modal-purity measurements confirm the generation of high-quality SH vortices with minimal deviations from the intended design thanks to a quasi-local control over the SH phase. Through systematic comparisons between experimental data and semi-analytical calculations, we also provide a clear insight into the occurrence of ghost vortices in the metasurface-generated harmonic beams, highlighting the importance of simple designs that can be readily transposed into fabricated devices with high fidelity. Our findings underscore the potential of nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces for versatile structured-light generation and manipulation, paving the way for future developments in integrated photonic systems.

The fungal Bromodomain and Extra‐Terminal (BET) protein Bdf1 is a potential antifungal target against invasive fungal infections. However, the need to selectively inhibit both Bdf1 bromodomains (BDs) over human orthologs and the lack of molecular tools to assess on‐target antifungal efficacy hamper efforts to develop Bdf1 BD inhibitors as antifungal therapeutics. This study reports a phenyltriazine compound that inhibits both Bdf1 BDs from the human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata with selectivity over the orthologous BDs from the human BET protein Brd4. On‐target antifungal activity is established by devising two yeast‐based inhibition assays: a growth assay using humanized Candida strains in which the Bdf1 BDs are replaced by their Brd4 counterparts, and a NanoBiT assay that evaluates the BD‐mediated association of Bdf1 with chromatin. These assays additionally enable the discovery that BET inhibitor I‐BET726 targets both Bdf1 BDs, inhibits the growth of a broad spectrum of Candida species, including antifungal‐resistant clinical isolates, and displays efficacy in an invertebrate animal model of infection. These collective findings highlight the promising potential of Bdf1 BD inhibitors as an innovative class of antifungal therapeutics and the pivotal role of yeast‐based assay development toward achieving this end.

Matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs) are essential for a wide range of applications, particularly in modern machine learning and quantum computing. In photonics, there is growing interest in developing architectures capable of performing linear operations with high speed, low latency, and minimal loss. Traditional interferometric photonic architectures, such as the Clements design, have been extensively used for MVM operations. However, as these architectures scale, improving stability and robustness becomes critical. In this paper, we introduce a novel photonic braid interferometer architecture that outperforms both the Clements and Fldzhyan designs in these aspects. Using numerical simulations, we evaluate the performance of these architectures under ideal conditions and systematically introduce non-idealities such as insertion losses, beam splitter imbalances, and crosstalk. The results demonstrate that the braid architecture offers superior robustness due to its symmetrical design and reduced layer count. Further analysis shows that the braid architecture is particularly advantageous in large-scale implementations, delivering better performance as the size of the interferometer increases. We also assess the footprint and total insertion losses of each architecture. Although waveguide crossings in the braid architecture slightly increase the footprint and insertion loss, recent advances in crossing technology significantly minimize these effects. Our study suggests that the braid architecture is a robust solution for photonic neuromorphic computing, maintaining high fidelity in realistic conditions where imperfections are inevitable.

Purpose In heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) populations, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with impaired health outcomes. We evaluated whether in patients with HF, concomitant HF and COPD or COPD, the number of hospitalizations would be reduced in the year after testing for SDB with and without treatment initiation compared to the year before. Methods We performed a multicentre retrospective study of 390 consecutive sleep-clinic patients who had a primary diagnosis of chronic HF, HF and COPD or COPD and a secondary diagnosis of SDB. The date of SDB-testing was defined as the index date. Data on healthcare utilization was extracted for the 12-month period prior to and after this date. Results The initiation of adaptive servoventilation (ASV) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of hospitalisations. While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment also demonstrated a reduction in hospitalisations, the observed effect did not reach the level of statistical significance. After accounting for demographics and comorbidities in multivariable regression analyses, only NIV was significantly associated with a reduction in hospitalizations, while CPAP or ASV were not. NIV appears to be underutilized in COPD. Conclusions Our data indicate, that patients with HF or COPD and concomitant SDB may benefit from the initiation of appropriate PAP-therapy. Whether treating SDB in HF- and COPD-patients influences healthcare utilization merits further investigation.

Background and Purpose The global burden of neurological diseases exceeds 43.1%, imposing a significant burden on patients, caregivers and society. This paper presents a roadmap to reduce this burden and improve brain health (BH) in Europe. Methods The roadmap is based on the European Academy of Neurology's (EAN) five‐pillar BH strategy: advancing a global BH approach (P1), supporting policymaking (P2), fostering research (P3), promoting education (P4), and raising awareness of prevention and treatment (P5). It reviews current efforts, collaborations and future directions aligned with the WHO Intersectoral Global Action Plan (iGAP) for Neurological Disorders and suggests future initiatives and call for action. Results P1: Support WHO‐iGAP through defined action points, international collaborations, in particular, the WHO BH Unit, and the EAN Brain Health Mission. P2: Collaborate with 48 national neurological societies to promote National Brain Plans (NBPs), addressing local needs, and improving access to care. P3: Advocate for more research funding; identify determinants of BH; develop preventive measures. P4: Provide educational opportunities for neurologists, public education programs, and advocacy training, including tools to educate the public. P5: Spearhead global awareness campaigns, organize public educational activities, and train BH advocates to contribute toward sustainable and long‐term public health campaigns and policy engagement. Conclusions The paper highlights the importance of a unified approach, integrating international collaborations and local initiatives, to improve BH outcomes based on the WHO‐iGAP, and support sustainable development goals, in particular SDG 3: Good Health and Well‐being and SDG 4: Quality Education.

This paper presents a novel technique for low-power generation of frequency combs (FC) over a wide frequency range. It leverages modal interactions between electrical and mechanical resonators in electrostatic NEMS operating in air to provide a simple architecture for FC generators. A biased voltage signal drives the electrical resonator at resonance which is set to match an integer submultiple of twice the mechanical resonator’s resonance. Experimental results demonstrate that the NEMS displacement exhibit more than 150 equidistant peaks in the case of a 2:1 modal interaction and more than 60 equidistant peaks in the case of a 1:1 modal interaction. In both cases, the Free Spectral Range (FSR) was equal to the mechanical resonance frequency. Comparison between the FCs generated by the 2:1 and 1:1 modal interactions demonstrate the superiority of the former in terms of bandwidth and stability. The superior phase coherence of the FC generated via the 2:1 modal interaction was demonstrated via time-domain analysis. Our technique has the flexibility to generate multiple frequency combs and to fine-tune their FSR depending on the number of mechanical modes accessible to and the order of the activated modal interaction. It can be integrated into portable devices and is well aligned with modern miniaturization technology.