Government Arts College, Coimbatore

Two series of bifunctional benzoxazines (HC‐benz and HA‐benz) containing Schiff bases (HC and HA) were synthesized through Mannich condensation. The structural confirmation of the Schiff base containing hydroxyl derivatives and benzoxazines was carried out using ATR‐FTIR, HRMS, and ¹ H‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. The cure behavior and thermal stability were studied using DSC and TGA, respectively. Among the different benzoxazines studied, the HC‐jfm and HA‐jfm benzoxazines exhibited the lowest curing temperature of 216°C and 211°C, respectively. Both poly(HC‐dde) and poly(HA‐dde) showed higher char yield value of 41% at 850°C. The values of LOI and heat resistance index calculated from TGA data infer that these benzoxazines in particular poly(HC‐dde) and poly(HA‐dde) can be conveniently used for self‐extinguishing and heat‐resistant applications which was proved by achieving V0 rating during vertical flammability test. Results from EIS studies showed that poly(HC‐jfm) and poly(HA‐jfm) exhibited corrosion protection efficiency of 99.19% and 99.99%. The value of water contact angle results suggested that all the synthesized polybenzoxazines are hydrophobic in nature, whereas the poly(HC‐ddm) and poly(HA‐ddm) revealed the superhydrophobic behavior with values of 149 o and 159 o , respectively. The cotton fabric coated with polybenzoxazine exhibits excellent resistance to UV and chemicals. Data from different studies infer that these benzoxazines can be used in the form of coatings for thermally stable, anticorrosive, and superhydrophobic high‐performance applications.

Sign language is a visual language that communicates using body language, face expressions, and hand gestures. Therefore, we require a highly accurate model for Sign Language Recognition. In order to improve the reliability and quality of sign language prediction, this research aims to investigate the efficacy of several models, specifically 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. To develop a strong and all-encompassing framework for comprehending sign language motions, the suggested model makes use of the spatial and temporal information acquired by the 3D CNN, and LSTM architectures, respectively. The 3D CNN performs better with an accuracy of 94.44% than the LSTM model as its accuracy is 90.90% respectively.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), relies heavily on nitrogen for growth and development. This study examines the effects of nitrogen levels on various growth parameters in forty rice genotypes. The crop features viz., tiller numbers, leaf area index and total dry matter production showed significant result with 50% and 100% RDN. This suggests that nitrogen aids crop growth and biomass accumulation by converting absorbed nitrogen into photosynthates. Among the 40 rice genotypes, IRGC 6386-1 exhibited higher chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicating superior photosynthetic efficiency, enhanced chlorophyll and soluble protein content under varied nitrogen levels. The genotypes IRGC 6386-1 (3.01%), WAS 20 (3.32%), IRGC 116967-1 (3.98%), WAS 207 (4.36%) and among the variety, IR 64 (6.3%) showed least reduction in grain yield under 50% RDN. The genotypes IRGC 6386-1, WAS 207 and IR 64 consistently exhibited superior performance in physiological traits. Notably, IRGC 6386-1 displayed higher photosynthetic NUE trailed by TSIPALA FOTSY 1883, NIONOKA and WAS 20 at reduced N level. In this study, the best performing rice genotypes (IRGC 6386-1, WAS 20, IRGC 116967-1 WAS 207) including popular variety (IR64) yielded higher under reduced nitrogen level. A positive correlation was recorded with physiological traits, grain yield and NUE.

Background Enteric infections are hypothesized to be associated with intussusception in children. A small increase in intussusception following rotavirus vaccination has been seen in some settings. We conducted post-marketing surveillance for intussusception following rotavirus vaccine, Rotavac introduction in India and evaluated association of intussusception with enteric pathogens. Methods In a case-control study nested within a large sentinel hospital-based surveillance program in India, stool samples from 272 children aged less than 2 years admitted for intussusception and 272 age-, gender- and location-matched controls were evaluated with Taqman array card based molecular assays to detect enteric viruses, bacterial enteropathogens and parasites. Matched case-control analysis with conditional logistic regression evaluated association of enteropathogens with intussusception. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated for enteropathogens significantly associated with intussusception. Results The most prevalent enteropathogens in cases and controls were enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, adenovirus 40/41, adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses. Children with intussusception were more likely to harbor adenovirus C serotypes (adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.87) and enteroviruses (aOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.05–2.97) than controls. Rotavirus was not associated with increased intussusception risk. Adenovirus C (PAF = 16.9%; 95% CI 4.7% − 27.6%) and enteroviruses (PAF = 14.7%; 95% CI 4.2% − 24.1%) had the highest population attributable fraction for intussusception. Conclusion Adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses were significantly associated with intussusception in Indian children. Rotavirus was not associated with risk of intussusception.

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a green method involving Pterolobium hexapetalum flower extract as the reducing agent. Synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were thoroughly characterized using X‐ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The XRD analysis confirmed the pure formation of NiO NPs. TEM and SEM images revealed the size, shape, and surface morphology of the nanoparticles. BET analysis indicated a high surface area, making these nanoparticles suitable for various applications. The NiO NPs were further investigated for their potential in supercapacitor applications, demonstrating excellent electrochemical performance. NiO@rGO electrode with graphene proportion showed a maximum specific capacity of 1266 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹. Moreover, following the 3000‐cycle assessment, the specific retention of 98.2% confirmed that the electrode had high cyclic stability. Additionally, their effectiveness in dye degradation was evaluated, showing promising results in removing organic dyes from wastewater. The antibacterial activity of the NiO nanoparticles was also assessed, indicating significant inhibition against various bacterial strains. These multifaceted studies suggest that NiO NPs synthesized from plant extract hold great promise for applications in energy storage, environmental remediation, and antimicrobial treatments.

Purpose Upper airway (UA) surgery is commonly employed in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The intricate pathophysiology of OSA, variability in sites and patterns of UA collapse, and the interaction between anatomical and non-anatomical factors in individual patients may contribute to possible surgical failures. This clinical consensus statement aims to identify areas of agreement among a development group comprising international experts in OSA surgery, regarding the appropriate definition, predictive factors in patients, and management of surgical failure in OSA treatment. Methods A clinical consensus statement (CCS) was developed using the Delphi method by a panel of 35 contributors from various countries. A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. A survey consisting of 60 statements was then formulated and presented to the experts. Results Following two rounds of the Delphi process, consensus or strong consensus was achieved on 36 items, while 24 items remained without consensus. Specifically, 5 out of 10 statements reached consensus regarding on the 'Definition of Surgical Success/Failure after OSA Surgery'. Regarding the 'Predictive Factors of Surgical Failure in OSA Surgery', consensus was reached on 10 out of 13 statements. In the context of the 'Diagnostic Workup in OSA Surgery', consensus was achieved on 9 out of 13 statements. Lastly, in 'Treatment in Surgical Failure Cases', consensus was reached on 12 out of 24 statements. Conclusion The management of OSA after surgical failure presents a significant clinical challenge for sleep specialists. This CCS provides valuable guidance for defining, preventing, and addressing surgical failures in the treatment of OSA syndrome.

This study aimed to evaluate how Sifting HR Data Analytics influences the training and development policies of IT companies in Bangalore. The research focused on determining the correlation between the use of Sifting HR Data Analytics and employee skill development in major organizations, specifically older businesses. With 102 valid responses from IT workers in Bangalore, the study validated all four hypotheses, revealing that HR professionals utilize Sifting HR Data Analytics to plan training and development programs. The findings support the integration of Sifting HR Data Analytics in organizational growth plans and decision-making processes.

This research article focuses on the transformative effect of the supply chain revolution prevailing in the food industry, with explicit attention to the consumption of the short food supply chain in the city of Coimbatore. Recognizing Coimbatore as a significant revenue-generating city, the study utilizes a structured survey instrument distributed randomly among 150 consumers. The research employs Structured Equation Modeling to quantitatively assess the relationships between various factors. Coimbatore, chosen for its economic importance, serves as the primary location for this study. A structured survey is administered to 150 consumers chosen randomly. The research employs Structured Equation Modeling to analyze the quantitative relationships between key factors influencing the supply chain in the food industry. The current research paper reveals a robust model fit between consumer intention, attitude, and satisfaction. Notably, consumers with high intentions demonstrate a higher level of satisfaction in their purchase experiences within the short food supply chain in Coimbatore. These findings suggest that the consumer's intention plays a more significant role in shaping their attitudes and overall satisfaction towards the supply chain in the food industry. This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of the evolving supply chain in the food sector, specifically in the context of a city with economic significance like Coimbatore.

The study, “Sustainable Horizons: Navigating Coimbatore's Economic Landscape through Green Economics,” delves into the intricate relationship between economic dynamics and environmental responsibility in Coimbatore. Focused on sustainable urban development, the research employs surveys and literature analysis to assess green economic activities, government policies, and public perspectives. Notably, the data reveals a commendable awareness of green economics among adolescents, especially students, signaling a positive shift attributed to educational exposure. While Coimbatore actively participates in national initiatives like the Smart Cities Mission, the study underscores the necessity for improved communication and comprehension of government initiatives to bridge the gap between policy and public awareness. Positioned as a proactive city, Coimbatore exemplifies sustainable urban growth by intertwining economic prosperity with environmental stewardship. The study advocates for heightened public awareness, strengthened government-business collaborations, and increased understanding of existing policies, offering valuable insights to shape policies and practices for Coimbatore's resilient and sustainable future.

Every stock market since 2008 has been controlled by a single word: “Volatility.” The Indian stock market is no different. The task for a reasonable investor has become more complicated due to the fact that stock values fluctuate wildly due to fear and anticipation. In the span of a few weeks, days, or months, the financial markets may swing wildly from good returns to negative returns and back again. Even Nevertheless, more people are investing now than in the previous 20 years because to the proliferation of varied investment opportunities made possible by the globalization of financial markets. Even while every investor considers their own needs, goals, and constraints when making investing choices, no strategy is guaranteed to provide a return 100% of the time. Many things influence their perspective, including dividends, the track records of famous investors, internet trading, and quick ways to amass wealth. Having a thorough understanding of the typical reactions of investors to changes in the market may help financial firms develop effective strategies for their customers. Because of this, it is more important than ever to comprehend the illogical actions of investors.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb) is a significant vegetable crop globally and is prone to anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The use of chemical fungicides for managing crop diseases has adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, it is important to use biocontrol agents for disease management. In this study, streptomycetes were assessed as a potential biocontrol agent against anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum orbiculare WEC2. The potent Streptomyces sp. isolate WAB2 was isolated from healthy watermelon plants and showed remarkable antifungal efficacy against C. orbiculare WEC2. Rigorous assays confirmed its performance against C. orbiculare WEC2. Bioactive compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. isolate WAB2 were identified using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). An SEM study indicated the parasitic action of Streptomyces sp. isolate WAB2 against the pathogen. The formulated talc-based product of Streptomyces sp. isolate WAB2 was effective when applied as a seed treatment + foliar spray against C. orbiculare WEC2 under pot culture conditions. These treatments reduced the disease incidence (31.81%) and exhibited a higher disease reduction (52.56%), compared to the untreated control. Therefore, treatment with talc-based Streptomyces sp. isolate WAB2 is a sustainable solution for anthracnose disease management, and it facilitates eco-friendly crop protection practices against the disease in watermelon.

The chapter focuses on the integration of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH). The combined approach, made possible by advancements in surgical techniques and anesthesia, offers numerous benefits. It requires interdepartmental integration with single admission, single surgery, single anesthesia, one-time abstinence from work and mental and physical exertion, which can optimize the patient’s outcome. The Chapter delves into preoperative and intraoperative protocols to optimize the safety profile and decreasing the operating time, focusing mainly on port placement which is planned by combined efforts of both surgeon and gynecologist, showcasing the importance of interdepartmental collaboration. The surgical technique involves detailed pre-operative assessments and focus on modern advancement for a successful procedure, including the use of Infrared (IR) imaging and Indocyanine green. It provides a step-by-step guide to the combined procedure. So we conclude that, with combined surgery the patient has the dual benefit of receiving surgical therapy for two coexisting pathologies concurrently while experiencing substantially less perioperative morbidity than would have been expected with two discrete procedures.

This chapter discusses practice of combining hernia repair with total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), an advancement and advantage of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). It mainly focuses on careful preoperative assessment and planning by surgical and gynecological team for proper patient selection, hence ensuring a safe outcome in scenario of two major procedures being carried out simultaneously, decreasing any postoperative infections by vaginal care, antibiotic coverage and preoperative investigations. It also entails that patient recovers from both procedures simultaneously and suffers only one episode of absence from work, not withstanding reducing physical and mental stress to one time only. So this chapter delves into the nuances of preoperative planning and on table precautions and carrying out procedures by both the teams. Additionally, details of the Intraperitoneal Mesh Repair with Primary Closure of the Defect (IPOM Plus) procedure with use of absorbable tack along with laparoscopic hysterectomy is discussed. To conclude, we can say that the goal is not just to perform surgeries but to ensure that patients have a positive and safe experience. As technology advances, this approach to MIS, combines two procedures in the same setting based on surgical expertise and patient-centered care.

Hybrid hydroxynaphthaldehyde (HNA) based benzoxazine products with good thermal stability, anticorrosion and hydrophobic properties have been synthesized. Nitrogen rich Schiff base core bifunctional benzoxazines (HNAG‐f and HNBG‐f) and trifunctional benzoxazine (HNMA‐f) have been synthesized using amino‐derivatives and paraformaldehyde through Mannich condensation. The structural confirmation of benzoxazines was studied using ATR‐FTIR, HRMS and ¹H‐NMR spectral analyses. The polymerization (curing) temperature and thermal stability were assessed by DSC and TGA respectively. Data from DSC and TGA studies infer that HNMA‐f possesses the lowest curing temperature of 213°C and the highest thermal stability with a char yield of 41% at 850°C respectively when compared to those of the polybenzoxazines synthesized. The values of LOI and HRI calculated using TGA data infer that all the polybenzoxazines can be used for self‐extinguishing, flame retardant and heat resistant applications. Corrosion results indicated that these benzoxazines exhibit the surface protection efficiency of 99% towards mild steel surfaces. The polybenzoxazines exhibited hydrophobic property with a water contact angle value (WCA) of above 140°. The value of WCA did not vary much on exposing the polybenzoxazine coating to chemical and UV treatments suggesting that the polybenzoxazine coatings are durable. Data from different studies infer that these benzoxazines can be used in the form of adhesives, coatings, and thermally stable, anticorrosive, and hydrophobic and UV resistant applications.

Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, but they also confront several obstacles that reduce their productivity and prevent them from fully engaging in the sector’s development. The majority of women in India are employed in agriculture, which is one of the sectors that contributes most to the GDP and is essential to the economic development of the nation. Although women continue to have a significant and recognized role in agriculture, their function is frequently overlooked. Women make up about 75% of the full-time labor force on Indian farms. The nation won’t develop unless its women farmers are empowered. Only through decent work labour the agriculture sector will be developed which will help in the empowerment of women agricultural Labourers in India. So the government should take all steps to implement the decent work concept of ILO in the Indian agricultural sector.

Purpose Quiet quitting (QQ) has been around in academic and professional discussions for quite some time. Despite many definitions and reasons for QQ being proposed, no study has systematically undertaken exploratory research on the reasons and behavioral manifestations of employees who QQ. Design/methodology/approach Our study adopted an exploratory qualitative approach to understand the reasons for QQ without any prior judgment. We undertook interviews with 21 employees who have undergone QQ in their careers. Findings The qualitative inquiry brought out the reasons behind QQ. The three major reasons for QQ were identified by thematic analysis: personal, organizational politics and people dynamics. Further, overt and covert behaviors that employees undertake while QQ were framed with this study. Findings are discussed in the framework of existence, relatedness and growth (ERG) theory. Research limitations/implications The theoretical implications include understanding QQ within the purview of ERG theory and the frustrated regression model. Practically, measures to be taken by organizations to mitigate the instances are presented, along with employee suggestions on what measures need to be taken to avoid QQ behaviors of employees. Originality/value This study is a pioneering work on the exploratory understanding of QQ. Empirically validated theory formulation of QQ is developed here for the first time.

Bandipur Tiger Reserve is geographically speaking, it is an “ecological confluence” since the Western and Eastern Ghats intersect here, making this region unique and exceptional in terms of its flora and fauna. The community land areas of all the border settlements as well as the nearby notified and unnotified forests have been included in the buffer of this tiger reserve. The scrub jungle along the park's eastern boundaries is made up of stunted trees, scattered bushes, and open grassland patches. The Eco-tourism activity is run in the two Ranges of Bandipur (54 km2) and GS Betta (28 km2), covering a total area of 82.00 km2, or around 9.40% of the Reserve's total size. From the above analysis, it could be concluded that the government should provide that there are administrative facilities, halting facilities, etc. just next to National Highway 67, which cuts through the eco-tourism region. Additionally, the village community people agree that the regions where some Private Tourist Resorts have situated border the Kundu Range's Eco-tourism area. The Reserve benefits from having almost year-round operations. The usual methods of stopping poaching, such as arresting and prosecuting offenders, have obviously failed; conservation education aiming at altering local attitudes will greatly reduce the ongoing threats to the integrity of biological systems in the Bandipur forest. Operationalizing sustainable ecotourism within protected areas ultimately relies on management and operations that maximize the industry's potential positive advantages while minimizing its negative ones.

Purpose The daunting task of managing knowledge workers virtually has not always yielded positive results. This empirical work discusses the impact of Virtual Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The study investigated how Psychological Contract Violation moderates the relationship between Virtual Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected from 392 IT engineers working in software companies in India. The cross-sectional data was analyzed using Warp-PLS software, IBM SPSS and IBM Amos. Findings The results support the proposition that virtual leadership is negatively associated with Organizational citizenship behavior, at sub-dimension levels except obedience. The moderating role of psychological contract violation is also established by the results. Practical implications Virtual leaders should demonstrate collaborative behaviors to generate organizational citizenship behavior among team members. Leaders should be imparted training to enable them to adapt themselves to virtual environment. This study highlights the paradoxical nature of virtual leadership and opens the possibilities for future research. Originality/value The study is one of the first to report a negative association between Virtual leadership and Organization citizenship behavior. There is uniqueness in the use of the “Contingency theory of leadership” to explain the difficulties faced while managing a virtual team.

Utilizing a single-step hydrothermal method, we prepared both pure ZnMoO4 and ZnMoO4/g-C3N4 composite, showcasing distinctive electronic and structural features that render it promising for environmental and energy remediation applications. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of ZnMoO4/g-C3N4 composites. The FESEM image of g-C3N4 displayed stacked flat sheets with noticeable wrinkles, showcasing its two-dimensional structure and irregular pores, enhancing its unique characteristics. Pure ZnMoO4 exhibited self-growth into hexagonal plate structures, with additional decoration of g-C3N4 sheets on its surface. UV–Vis absorption spectra analysis confirmed the interlayer structure of g-C3N4 and ZnMoO4 in the heterojunction, leading to a considerable increase in UV absorption and enhanced charge-separation efficiency within the binary ZnMoO4/g-C3N4 heterostructure. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnMoO4 and ZnMoO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light irradiation. The results indicated that ZnMoO4 surface decorated with g-C3N4 sheets significantly influenced photocatalysis. Moreover, an increase in the nanocomposite composition led to enhanced efficiency in the photocatalytic process, with the incorporation of carbon nitride on zinc molybdates resulting in a threefold increase in photocatalytic activity.