Getúlio Vargas Foundation

The degree of circularity is related to the progress of circular economy (CE), particularly at the level of products, materials, companies, and consumers. In this context, metrics, indicators and assessment models may not fully capture the complexities of the system and its relationships. Despite several analyses of indicators and proposals for evaluation methods, few studies discuss in depth their limitations and challenges for implementation at the micro level. This article aims to identify the limitations and challenges associated with performance assessment methodologies to verify CE progress at the micro level and propose a research agenda. The research design applied bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review. Our results highlight five limitations, and the findings underscore that tools fail to embrace the systemic essence of CE. It represents a gap in assessment frameworks, highlighting the need for a more integrated and comprehensive approach to assessing the transition toward CE. Keywords: circular economy; indicators; evaluation framework; limitations; sustainable development.

This chapter delves into the social dimension of ESG criteria, critiquing its current limitations in prioritizing internal human resources and shareholder concerns over broader societal issues, particularly evident in developing countries like Brazil. It traces the historical evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from philanthropy to a more holistic management approach encompassing ethical, social, and environmental considerations. Emphasizing the importance of social responsibility in ESG evaluations, it highlights key factors impacting company operations, including job creation, diversity, community relations, and human rights. The chapter underscores the acknowledgment of social responsibility by financial institutions and investors. Empirical evidence, such as surveys, demonstrates the significance of the social aspect of ESG, particularly in the wake of events like the COVID-19 pandemic. As a contribution, it offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating social concerns into business practices within the broader context of CSR and sustainability, addressing the evolving dynamics of the market and global sustainability agendas.

This study presents a novel approach for the classification of coronavirus species and variants of SARS-CoV-2 using Chaos Game Representation (CGR) and 2D Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (2D MF-DFA). By extracting fractal parameters from CGR images, we constructed a state space that effectively distinguishes different species and variants. Our method achieved $100\%$ accuracy in species classification, with a notable $76\%$ accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 variants despite their genetic similarities. Using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classifier further enhanced the performance. This approach, which requires fewer steps than most existing methods, offers an efficient and effective tool for viral classification, with implications for bioinformatics, public health, and vaccine development.

Resumo Objetivo Informar as alterações mais prevalentes no quadril em crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus (SCZ) acima de 5 anos de idade por meio de exames clínicos e radiográficos. Métodos Estudo transversal e retrospectivo em 62 pacientes com SCZ, com mais de 5 anos de idade durante o estudo. Os dados clínicos como valores de abdução máxima, contratura em flexão do quadril e nível do sistema de classificação da função motora grossa (SCFMG), assim como os dados radiográficos índice de Reimers (IR), ângulo colodiafisário (ACD) e índice acetabular (IA), foram extraídos de prontuários e radiografias e avaliados estatisticamente. Resultados Idade média de 65,6 ± 4,1 meses. Prevalência de SCFMG IV e V foi 95,2%. A abdução lenta do quadril foi 41,2 ± 19,5°. O teste de Thomas revelou média de 16,1 ± 14,9°. Os valores médios do IR, ACD e IA, foram 54,1 ± 34,1%, 158 ± 11,9° e 26,0 ± 8,12°, respectivamente. Pacientes com SCFMG III e IV apresentaram IR e IA menores do que aqueles com V. Quanto ao ACD, não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos. Pacientes submetidos à tenotomia dos músculos adutores do quadril apresentaram abdução maior, mas sem diferença radiográfica relevante. Conclusão Observa-se maior incidência de pacientes com luxação dos quadris e graus funcionais mais comprometidos (SCFMG IV e V), aumento do IR e IA no V. Pacientes operados tiveram ganho de abdução, porém sem melhora radiográfica. Estudos de longo prazo são necessários para a real avaliação das deformidades do quadril.

Environmental Health Literacy (EHL) focuses on significant impact of environmental factors on human health and emphasizes the importance of public awareness and engagement in identifying and mitigating environmental health risks. This paper presents a study in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, aimed at evaluating EHL and identify the main socioeconomic characteristics capable of predicting EHL levels. Using the EHL Scale, which assesses knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward environmental health, this research applies a questionnaire to 397 respondents. Through descriptive statistics and confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, the study validates the scale for the Brazilian context and offers structural adjustments for the air scale. Using the socioeconomic data we implemented a predictive Random Forest algorithm to forecast EHL levels on each of the scales. By extracting the Shapley values from the model, we established the most relevant variables to predict EHL, offering valuable insights for policymakers, health and environmental professionals to enhance public engagement with environmental health issues. The results indicate that social vulnerability features are predictive of EHL, including education, income, age, ethnicity, presence of disability and use of continuous medication. This study identifies factors that bolster policy strategies to communicate environmental health risks and promote behavior change regarding the environment and self-care.

Purpose: To identify the main contributions a local IT team can make to build a global portfolio of information systems in a new organization created from a business spin-off. Originality/value: Many multinational corporations have chosen to create spin-offs as an opportunity for strategic reorientation, focusing on specific business verticals. The separation process resulting from the spin-off is critical in IT activities, especially for the business unit spun off from the leading organization, which needs to build a new global portfolio of information systems. Although this is commonly treated as an international project, it must adhere to the strategy of all corporate units (both headquarters and subsidiaries) to maintain a competitive advantage in its markets. Design/methodology/approach: We present a single qualitative and exploratory case study involving a secular multinational of European origin in the automotive sector that underwent a spin-off process of its main business verticals. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the IT team responsible for one of its subsidiaries in Brazil, which actively participated in this process. Results: We show that the effective participation of the local units’ IT teams, with resources that are already available within the organization and knowledge of the market needs, is an alternative to supporting the central unit responsible for the composition of teams, supporting the local business requirements, and consequently meeting the expected corporate goals through implementation of the spin-off.

Resumo A Plataforma Lattes, que disponibiliza virtualmente currículos acadêmicos, do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), é uma valiosa fonte de informações sobre a ciência brasileira. Contudo, as pesquisas a partir da plataforma vêm se tornando mais complexas por conta das crescentes imposições para acessar os dados, seja pela exigência de autenticação humana no processo, seja porque o material não é disponibilizado pelo CNPq. Neste registro de pesquisa, propomos um método para coleta de um grande volume de currículos, sua conversão em uma base estruturada e combinação com a base da Plataforma Sucupira. Como aplicação prática deste método, apresentaremos o Atlas das Ciências Sociais 1 , demonstrando, ainda, como orientar a produção de indicadores sociais com recorte de gênero.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os fatores sociais e arquivísticos que causam a escassez numérica de arquivos produzidos por e sobre mulheres. Dessa forma, as reflexões visam aprofundar a discussão sobre a relação entre estudos de arquivos e gênero, oferecendo uma análise crítica acerca da lógica androcêntrica presente na preservação e nas instituições arquivísticas. Assim, a discussão busca contribuir para um debate ainda incipiente no cenário nacional, propondo caminhos para que pesquisadores e instituições possam problematizar o apagamento e o silenciamento das trajetórias e memórias femininas.

Resumo Em 2014, foi lançado o Relatório Final da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV), o qual investigou as violações cometidas pelo Estado brasileiro entre 1946 e 1988, especialmente nos anos ditatoriais. Uma ferramenta crucial foi o uso de depoimentos de ex-militantes e atingidos. Nesse aspecto, a voz feminina foi fundamental para elaborar questões como violência sexual e de gênero, militância feminina, maternidade e questões relacionada ao ser mulher naqueles anos. Aqui, pretendemos analisar a voz política das mulheres nos discursos sobre a ditadura, tendo como fonte os depoimentos presentes no relatório da CNV.

The Keynesian model, either old or new, has three equations: (i) an IS curve that links the real interest rate and the output gap; (ii) a Phillips curve that shows the relationship between inflation, output gap, expected inflation and past inflation; and (iii) a Taylor rule for monetary policy expressing the nominal rate of interest as a function of the past nominal rate of interest, the natural rate of interest, the inflation gap and the output gap. When the economic policy regime is one of chronic inflation, or hyperinflation, the monetary policy rule gives the amount of money issued to finance a given real public deficit and to close the model it is necessary to specify the demand equation for money.

Economic growth remains one of the most debated topics in macroeconomics since Solow’s (1956) breakthrough paper. Understanding the sources of economic growth has remained a priority for economists. According to Madison Historical Statistics, from the beginning of the Christian era until the nineteenth century, the world’s GDP per capita showed little variation. Over a span of almost 1800 years, GDP per capita increased by only 42% (see Fig. 12.1). However, this stagnant trend began to shift with the onset of the Industrial Revolution in England at the end of the eighteenth century, subsequently spreading worldwide during the nineteenth century.

This chapter presents empirical evidence: (i) on chronic inflation; (ii) the three pathologies, namely public debt crises, external debt crises and hyperinflation and (iii) the adjustment of government bonds prices to a fiscal imbalance.