Ganesha University of Education

Background Hand hygiene is a crucial measure for preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infections. While healthcare workers receive emphasis, hospital visitor hand hygiene compliance is limited. Aim To investigate hand hygiene compliance among hospital visitors. Methods A comprehensive search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect) and a hand search were performed from inception to October 2023. Observational studies in hospital settings were included if estimates for adult hospital visitors’ observation were reported. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA software version 17 to estimate a weighted pooled compliance rate with a 95% confidence interval. Results 17 studies were included in this study. The pooled hand hygiene compliance among hospital visitors was 37% (95% CI: 25 – 49). Subgroup analysis revealed that in low-middle-income countries, covert observation, ICU and various ward studies, longer observation durations, measuring hand hygiene at entrance and exit points, and smaller sample sizes were all associated with higher visitor hand hygiene compliance rates. Discussion The visitor hand hygiene compliance rate was notably low, much lower than that reported for doctors and nurses. This significant difference highlights the urgent need for focused attention and interventions to improve visitor hand hygiene practices.

Introduction Pre-service teachers (PST)' perceived relevance of learning about environmental socioscientific issues (SSI) can be an indicator for their motivation to act as change agents. Until now, science education (research) has often addressed the relevance for learning about SSI insufficiently differentiated regarding spatial and social dimensions. However, theoretical frameworks suggest that such differentiation enhances meaningful teaching and learning. This study investigated how local, national, and global subdimensions of spatial relevance as well as individual, societal, and professional subdimensions of social relevance influence PST' relevance perceptions of learning about SSI. Additionally, we examined how relevance perceptions vary depending on whether the SSI is local or nonlocal to PST. We specifically investigated Indonesian PST' relevance perceptions of learning about oil palm management (OPM), a local SSI for PST of one university and a nonlocal SSI for PST of two other universities. Methods The PST participated in a 5-week socioscientific inquiry-based educational unit on OPM in curricular courses (N = 111). We followed a mixed-method approach, employing measurements of utility value. Utility value is a specific construct of perceived relevance, which refers to the usefulness of learning about objects for a person's life, profession, and society. Quantitatively, we conducted pretest-posttest-follow-up surveys on PST' perceived utility value for learning about OPM over time. Qualitatively, we analyzed responses to a utility value reflection task that was integrated into the unit. Results Overall, the unit increased PST' utility value over time. Local PST perceived lower utility value for learning about OPM than nonlocal PST. In the task responses, local PST referred more to the local subdimension, whereas nonlocal PST referred more to the national subdimension. Nonlocal PST' societal and professional utility value increased stronger over time compared to local PST. Discussion We discuss potential reasons for local PST' lower relevance perceptions, e.g., personal experiences and skepticism through local embeddedness. Our findings on relevance perceptions among local and nonlocal PST underscore the importance of spatial- and social-sensitive SSI education. We point out practical implications for promoting relevance perceptions considering local and nonlocal PST. Moreover, we suggest research directions for more differentiated relevance research in science education.

In 2022, Bangkalan District had the lowest basic immunization coverage in East Java, with 64.7%, compared to the statewide average of 91.7%. This low coverage, which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, is the result of misconceptions about immunizations. The WHO reports that 1.5 million children die annually from diseases that may have been avoided if they had received the vaccination, highlighting the broader public health implications. This study looked at the socioeconomic and cultural factors influencing parents’ decisions to vaccinate their children in Bangkalan. As part of a cross-sectional study, 87 mothers of toddlers older than two years from the Blega Health Center were selected using simple random selection. Results indicated that knowledge and attitudes significantly influence participation (P-value < 0.05). Higher knowledge levels and positive attitudes toward prevention correlate with increased participation in the program. These findings highlight the need for education-based interventions to improve knowledge and address negative attitudes. Enhancing awareness is crucial to promote active participation and achieve the program’s goals in North Bali.

In Indonesia as well as other countries, pregnant women are considerably more likely to have COVID-19. According to data, 1.3% of pregnant women with the infection needed mechanical breathing and intensive care unit treatment. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the association between the severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women and variables such age, gestational age, blood type, immunization status, and comorbidities. 40 pregnant women having a COVID-19 diagnosis between 2021 and 2023 were sampled for a correlational study design at a Lampung hospital. The Pearson correlation test was utilized for data analysis. The findings demonstrated a significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and gestational age, blood type, and immunization status (p-value <0.05). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant correlation between maternal age and comorbidities (p-value >0.05). Early gestational age, certain blood types (A, B, and AB), and immunization status are important factors impacting the severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women, according to the study’s findings. In order to lessen the severity of COVID-19, health care practitioners are urged to ensure that pregnant women receive vaccinations and to provide close monitoring during the first trimester of pregnancy, particularly for those with blood types A, B, or AB.

The need for biomaterials is increasing as more and more health problems become more and more complex. Progress in the field of medical biomaterials is also accelerating, but the provision of renewable biomaterials continues to be of concern to the world as awareness of sustainable development in the field of chemistry and health. Various strategies in the development of medical biomaterials were studied through a narrative review of the literature. One of them is the strategy of developing inorganic-organic hybrid medical biomaterials through the cultivation of silkworms as producers of renewable biomaterial raw materials. Sericulture can produce active biomaterials such as sericin, fibroin and other renewable materials and those biomaterials can be combined with inorganic nanoparticles to produce medical functional biomaterials on an ongoing basis. The addition of antibacterial bioactive materials such as natural dyestuffs and inorganic nanoparticles of anti-bacterial agents can increase the productivity and quality of antimicrobial biomaterials produced by the cultivation of silkworms.

Introduction: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the indicator of the success for maternal and child health programs. Infant mortality rates affected by biological, environmental, socioeconomic factors and quality of healthcare services. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting infant mortality rates in the East Java Province using a spatial regression model.Methods: The research units were all 38 districts and cities in East Java Province. Secondary data from the 2023’ Health Profile of East Java Province was used in this study, which included the number of infant deaths and the biological, environmental, socioeconomic factors, the availability and quality of health services. In this study, spatial modelling was conducted using an area approach and spatial influence using the Spatial Autoregressive Moving Average (SARMA) method with Queen Contiguity spatial weights.Results: Based on R2 and AIC values, the Spatial Autoregressive model was preferable to Ordinary Least Squares. The obtained model showed that low birth weight and the percentage of the population that can access good sanitation were the significant factors influencing infant mortality in this study. The other factors: percentage of deliveries by health workers, obstetric complications handled, percentage of poor people, infants receiving vitamin A, and infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding had no significant effect on Infant Mortality Rates.Conclusion: Factors that had significant effect on infant mortality rates in this study were low birth weight and percentage of residents who had access to proper sanitation.

This study explores the role of linguistic elements in supporting or hindering sustainable and inclusive tourism, a vital factor for the economic growth of the regency, which depends heavily on tourism. The research aims to fill this gap by comprehensively analyzing the linguistic landscape in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency (TTS) of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and its impact on tourism development. Data for the study were gathered from all potential tourist destinations listed on the government website, including beaches, nature reserves, baths or waterfalls, tourist villages, and religious tourism sites. Data collection methods included observation, photographic documentation, and interviews. The collected data were analyzed using both qualitative approaches. The signage at these tourist locations typically included directional signs to the destinations, name boards, directional signs within the sites, and other informational signs, such as reminders to keep the area clean or to protect the trees. The signs were predominantly in Indonesian and English, presented in monolingual formats. The linguistic landscape in the tourist areas of TTS represents a critical intersection of language and tourism. This research adds to the broader discussion on sustainable tourism by emphasizing the significance of linguistic diversity and inclusive practices in achieving long-term sustainability objectives.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry; this type of bacteria is an extraintestinal pathogen E. coli. Unlike other E. coli pathogen groups, the characteristics of APECs cannot be identified by a single group. Serotyping and biotyping are frequently performed for isolates found in colibacillosis infections. The establishment, transmission, and persistence of this pathogenic strain in chicken populations are determined by the intricate interactions of multiple elements that make up the epidemiology of APEC. APEC employs many virulence and pathogenesis factors or mechanisms to infect chickens with colibacillosis. These factors include invasives, protectins, adhesins, iron acquisition, and toxins. In addition, the pathogenicity of APEC strains can be evaluated in 2–4 week-old chicks. The impact of unfavorable environmental conditions has also been documented, despite direct contact being demonstrated to be a significant element in transmission in APEC. Chickens are immunized against colibacillosis using a variety of vaccines. Nevertheless, commercially available vaccinations do not offer sufficient immunity to protect birds from APEC strains. Hatching egg contamination is one of the main ways that APECs spread throughout chicken flocks. Farmers also need to be mindful of storing discarded materials near the manure-watering area, removing them when necessary, and replacing wet materials with dry materials when needed. This review aimed to explain the characteristics, epidemiology, virulence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control of APEC. Keywords: avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, colibacillosis, Escherichia coli, poultry, public health.

Background The most susceptible group of people to spread methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among domestic cats is their owners’ relatives. Aim Considering the aforementioned, research at the Surabaya City Animal Hospital is necessary to determine whether the mecA gene may be detected in cat nasal swabs. Methods Samples were taken using a sterile cotton swab, and the transport medium was buffered peptone water. Standard operating procedures in microbiology were then employed to identify the samples. Using five distinct antibiotic discs, the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus. All cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus isolates were tested for MRSA and then the mecA gene was detected. Results Based on morphological culture features, Gram staining, and biochemical assays, 64 samples (64%) of the 100 isolated cat nose swab samples were positive for S. aureus, according to the results of the biochemical tests. The profile of antibiotic resistance developed from the results of the S. aureus resistance test to antibiotics revealed that five (7.81%) of the 64 S. aureus isolates were confirmed to be multidrug resistant. Out of the 6 MRSA isolates analyzed, the mecA gene was detected in 5 isolates. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, a thorough assessment of the impact of using antibiotics to prevent the spread of MRSA in veterinary hospitals on the general public’s health is required in light of the detection of MRSA isolates bearing the mecA gene in the Surabaya veterinary hospital.

Background Comfort, anxiety, and pain significantly impact the quality of life and treatment adherence in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Virtual reality (VR) technology offers a novel non-pharmacological intervention to address these primary concerns. While vital signs provide objective physiological data, they are considered secondary outcomes that may reflect changes in patients’ subjective experiences. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone-based virtual reality relaxation (SVR) interventions on improving comfort and reducing anxiety and pain (primary outcomes) in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Additionally, it assesses the impact on blood pressure and pulse rate (secondary outcomes). Methods This prospective, two-arm, randomized controlled trial involved 99 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who were randomized into the SVR group (n = 50) and control group (n = 49) from March to May 2023. The SVR group received a 10-min immersive VR experience featuring 360-degree natural scenery videos with relaxing sounds, while participants in the control group received standard care and guided imagery leaflets. The primary outcomes—comfort, anxiety, and pain—were evaluated at various time points: comfort was assessed at baseline and post-chemotherapy, while anxiety and pain were assessed at four stages (pre-chemotherapy, pre-VR, immediate post-intervention, and post-chemotherapy). Secondary outcomes included vital signs (blood pressure and pulse rate), which were assessed at the same four stages. Cybersickness symptoms were examined post-chemotherapy. Data analysis involved independent t tests, linear regression, and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Results Among 99 randomized patients, the SVR group reported significantly higher comfort levels (p = 0.01; Cohen’s d = 0.4), reduced anxiety (p = 0.01; Cohen’s d = 0.50), and pain (p = 0.015; Cohen’s d = 0.35) compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in heart rate (p = 0.92), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.36), or diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.95). The majority of participants (66–96%) in the SVR group did not report cybersickness symptoms. Conclusions SVR shows promise as an intervention for improving comfort and reducing anxiety and pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Healthcare providers at chemotherapy centers should consider incorporating VR devices and curated content into patient care routines. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05756465, registered on January 22, 2023.

Inorganic–organic hybrid biomaterials have recently attracted much attention because of their widespread use. Silkworm cocoon filaments resulting from sericulture as prospective nanobiomaterials need to be improved, and their properties need to be used for broader purposes. This study was aimed at investigating methods for siliconization of silkworm cocoon filaments and characterizing their cocoon filament properties in terms of their yarn quality, natural dyeing, and antibacterial properties. Three methods of hybridization processes were used in this experiment, namely, in situ natural dyeing of silk yarns while silk filaments were spined, feed engineering through spraying the mulberry leaves with natural dyes and silica–phosphate–M (M = Cu, Fe, or Al) nano pastes, and a combination of both methods. The resulting cocoon filaments were characterized by their siliconization of filament fibers by using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS methods. The yarn tensile strength, color quality, color fastness properties affected by the siliconization of silk filament fibers, and antibacterial properties were also investigated. Results showed that the combination method produced better siliconization of silk fibers, and, consequently, the better siliconization of silk fibers produced better natural dyeing as well as antibacterial properties of their resulting silk yarns.

Objectives: Physical and mind-body exercises represent distinct intervention strategies that may improve sleep quality by influencing physiological and psychological factors. Nevertheless, their effectiveness in individuals with diabetes is not well-established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impacts of physical and mind-body exercise interventions on sleep quality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Ovid-Medline Library. The effect size for sleep quality was calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), employing a random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also examined, and subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Physical and mind-body exercise interventions significantly improved sleep quality, with an SMD of -1.040 (95% CI, -1.686 to -0.394). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences with respect to the type of intervention (p=0.047), or its duration (p=0.282). Meta-regression analysis indicated that mean hemoglobin A1c level was the only factor to be significantly related to the effect size for sleep quality, demonstrating a negative association (p=0.033). The assessment of publication bias and the sensitivity analysis suggested that the findings were reliable and robust. Conclusions: Physical and mind-body exercises may serve as effective interventions for patients with diabetes mellitus who experience poor sleep quality. However, to substantiate these findings, additional rigorous RCTs with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and standardized interventions are required.