Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina Seccional Pereira

Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que para entenderla desde un contexto social hay que reconocer las realidades construidas por la comunidad frente a ella, integrando sus saberes, creencias y prácticas con las condiciones sociodemográficas y económicas para comprender su aparición y desarrollo. Objetivo: Comprender los saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos en pacientes con TB del municipio de Pereira (Colombia), 2021, para reeducarlos acerca de su cuidado. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo en usuarios que asisten al Programa de Control de tuberculosis; del cual se seleccionaron 14 pacientes que cumplían con criterios de inclusión. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a todos los participantes hasta obtener saturación de la información, mediante cinco categorías: saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos relacionadas con Tuberculosis, para comprenderla a partir de la construcción social que expresan los pacientes y generar un abordaje holístico que permita reeducarlos en su cuidado. Resultados: El 57,1 % era de género femenino, edad promedio; 38 años, de etnia mestiza,; el 50 % vive en unión libre; el 71,4 % vive con la familia; el 28,6 % tiene educación primaria y secundaria; el 71,4 % trabaja; el 100 % vive en zona urbana. Los resultados cualitativos arrojan cinco categorías: saberes, creencias, prácticas, condiciones socioeconómicas y aspectos educativos sobre TB. Conclusión: Existen saberes limitantes respecto al origen y transmisión de la enfermedad con creencias asociadas a la pobreza y estigmatización que afecta de forma negativa la condición económica y emocional de los pacientes y su red de apoyo frente al cuidado de la enfermedad.

Gatekeepers, vigilantes, security guards. All humans are, to some extent, gatekeepers of our essence, caretakers of what we conceive as ours and appropriate, consistent and permitted; but does that entitle us to supervise what others, within the framework of a multiethnic, multicultural, diverse, and different society, would like to say, create or shout? Censorship, prohibition and selfish assumptions about what should or should not be reflected on the public surfaces of our territories —art or demand, denunciation or praise— are the subject of this text: an oxymoron to the ephemeral memory of the protest, a monument to the transience of the shouts that many try to silence.

Introducción: El uso del teléfono celular se ha vuelto común en áreas del hospital, incluida la sala de operaciones, aumentando el riesgo de contaminación cruzada y las altas tasas de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. Objetivo: Determinar la contaminación microbiana en dispositivos móviles del personal quirúrgico de una Institución de Salud de Pereira, Colombia en el primer semestre del año 2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional, transversal. Se tomaron 10 dispositivos móviles del personal del área de quirófano al azar y a cada uno se le realizó frotis con hisopo estéril al estuche o cobertura del celular. Las muestras se transportaron en tubos de ensayo con agua peptonada al 1% hasta el momento de la siembra; las muestras se analizaron por técnica microbiológica recuento en placa profunda. Resultados: En las muestras se encontró un promedio de 93 UFC (Unidades Formadoras de Colonias) de mesófilos aerobios, 13 UFC de coliformes totales, 22 UFC de mohos y levaduras. Conclusión: El análisis microbiológico permitió detectar la presencia de elevadas cantidades de unidades formadoras de colonias que podrían contribuir de manera significativa a incrementar las tasas en infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud.

Inmersas en la cuenca media del rio Otún Risaralda – Colombia están las Escuelas Agroecológicas ECAS, con una población mayoritariamente campesina, la cual presenta un alto riesgo de vulnerabilidad en aspectos nutricionales, esta condición permite plantear estrategias alimentarias que subsanen algunos de estos requerimientos y por ende se aprovechen al máximo los recursos agroalimentarios con los que cuenta la comunidad en su entorno. En Colombia y en especial en la zona cafetera se vienen implementando políticas que permitan adquirir unos niveles fundamentales en la seguridad alimentaria de comunidades potencialmente afectadas por la dificultad en la disponibilidad, el acceso, la cantidad, la calidad e inocuidad de alimentos, dentro de esta perspectiva el objetivo del estudio se enfoca en la elaboración de un producto que pueda tener un alto valor nutricional, que sea aceptado organolépticamente por los niños y adolescentes de las ECAS, pero que a su vez permita revalorizar o repotenciar los bienes agroalimentarios autóctonos de la zona de estudio, en el marco de los productos agrícolas reconocidos por los campesinos se destacaron 3 después de los análisis bromatológicos y microbiológicos: el maíz, la yuca y el fríjol petaco; estos presentaron un valor nutricional significativo; con ellos se desarrolló una alternativa gastronómica tipo Snacks dulces (galletas), utilizando mezclas de 2 de los 3 bienes escogidos en proporciones 25% - 75%, 50% -50% y 75%- 25% (frijol-maíz y frijol-yuca) en cada uno de los ensayos realizados. El proyecto se basa en una investigación aplicada implementado una metodología exploratoria y descriptiva la cual consta de un enfoque mixto (cualitativo – cuantitativo). Los análisis y la recolección de los datos, permitieron obtener los siguientes resultados: los mejores productos para la elaboración del Snack son frijol-yuca (25% - 75%) y frijol-maíz (25%-75%), dadas las condiciones nutrimentales de los componentes, organolépticamente la mezcla mejor aceptada fue frijol-yuca (25%-75%).

Background: The purpose of this study to analyze the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist and associated factors in older individuals aged ≥60 years in Colombia. Methods: The data for this study came from a secondary cross-sectional, nationally representative SABE study Survey on Health, Well-Being, and Aging in Colombia, 2015. A total of 3824 participants (59.7% male, 69 (IR=64-76) years) from 86 Colombian municipalities participated. The data were collected through a questionnaire, blood tests, blood pressure measurements and anthropometric measurements. The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was diagnosed using high triglyceride values (≥ 150 mg / dl) and increased waist circumference ≥ 88 and ≥ 102 cm for women and men, respectively. A logistic regression analysis was used to compare the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and the associated factors, significance level of 5%. STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was applied in this paper (see Supplementary File 1). Results: The hypertriglyceridemic waist was present in 38.7% of the study population, with a higher prevalence among females than males (44.6% vs. 30.0%). Female gender [odds ratio (OR) 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-2.2)]; be octogenarian [OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.6-0.9)]; live in an urban area [OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.3-1.8)] and have a lifestyle of former smoker [OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9)]. On the other hand, it was observed that having a BMI different from normal is strongly associated with HTGW [Weight: OR 2.0 (95% CI 1.5-2.6), overweight: OR 4.1 (95% CI 3.4 -4.9) and obesity: OR 5.0 (95% CI 4.1-6.1)]. The glycemia, the hemoglobin and the increase in cholesterol also showed positive association with HTGW [OR 0.5 (95% CI 0.5-0.7), OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.8-2.4) and OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.9-2.5), respectively] were associated with increased odds of HTGW. ¬Conclusions: There is a significant prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist in Colombia's elderly and sociodemographic factors, lifestyles and biological markers are associated with the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype. Elderly men showed greater probabilities in terms of age, schooling, geographic area, body mass inde and cholesterol concentrations. Elderly women revealed higher probabilities in biological markers

Introducción: Los métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia (AE) o también llamados contracepción poscoital, es una de las alternativas que pueden ser utilizadas para evitar un embarazo no deseado en mujeres que han tenido relaciones sexuales sin protección, hasta 72 horas después de la relación Objetivo: Establecer el nivel de conocimiento y el uso de los métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia utilizados en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se incluyeron estudiantes de 15 a 25 años de una Institución de Educación Superior en el Municipio de Pereira, Colombia con vida sexual activa. Con un total de 127 estudiantes donde se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas de conocimiento y uso de métodos Resultados: Se encuestaron 127 estudiantes donde la mediana en la edad fue de 19 años en sexo femenino con un rango intercuartílico de 3 y el sexo masculino presento una mediana de 21 años con un rango intercuartílico de 5. El condón fue el método más utilizado por los encuestados con un 35,4%, seguido de las píldoras con un 26,8%. Conclusiones: El método de elección fueron las pastillas, existe alta prevalencia de consumo de métodos anticonceptivos de emergencia, con desconocimiento frente a su uso.

Introducción: Los accidentes de tránsito se han convertido en un importante problema de salud pública debido a su alta morbimortalidad. La tendencia en lesiones y muerte por accidentes de tránsito, se encuentra en niveles alarmante en países como Colombia. Objetivo: Caracterizar epidemiológicamente las lesiones por accidentes de tránsito reportados en personas atendidas en una institución de salud en el municipio de Pereira entre 2014 y 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal basado en fuentes secundarias según características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas de los accidentes de tránsito atendidos en una entidad de salud del municipio de Pereira, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2014 a 2017. Resultados: Se analizaron 460 casos en el periodo estudiado (64,1%) en hombres. El motociclista representó el 44,3% de las víctimas. El 64,3% sufrieron contusiones, seguido del 20,9% de fracturas, el 53% de las lesiones se presentaron en miembros superiores e inferiores. Conclusiones: Existió un incremento significativo de las lesiones ocasionadas por accidentes de tránsito, producidas por motociclistas y peatones, asociadas a la impericia del conductor y la distracción del peatón, el cual desencadenó en contusiones y fracturas y aumento de la carga de la enfermedad.

p>This investigation aimed to evaluate two varieties of Ocimum basilicum L., known as Basil, as potential raw material for the cosmetic industry, assessing their antioxidant properties, considering their industrial use in phytocosmetics. The antioxidant activity of essential oils (EOs) for the species Ocimum basilicum var. cinammom and var. album, were obtained by distillation steam using a Clevenger-type device. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the method of bleaching radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and the method of linoleic acid peroxidation (ferric thiocyanate). The EOs of the two species had significant antioxidant properties. The method of DPPH facilitated the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity versus the concentration of EOs, showing an efficient concentration at 10 ppm. On the other hand, the ferric thiocyanate method displayed an efficient inhibition up to 360 h (15 d). The obtained results demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of EOs in the investigation. The capacity was related to their chemical composition (phenylpropane and oxygenated monoterpenes). Therefore, EOs can be considered as a potential source in the field of phytocosmetics.</p

Abstract Bolivian hemorrhagic fever is a febrile illness caused by an arenavirus, generally transmitted by contact with or inhalation of aerosolized rodent urine. Food can be contaminated by droppings of the infected rodents, becoming source of infection for human beings. Person-to-person infection has been documented, but it is very rare. After an incubation period of 1–2 weeks, the patient experiences chills, fever, headache, muscle ache, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. The case-fatality rate is 15–100%. In this article, epidemiological and clinical presentations are detailed and reviewed, and implications for food safety are included as this is a zoonotic foodborne disease.

Abstract In humans, the vast majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, TB can be caused by a number of other bacteria, of which Mycobacterium bovis, causing the so-called ‘bovine tuberculosis’ is one of the more prevalent and has the widest host range of all TB bacteria. TB due to M. bovis often produce extrapulmonary disease, but in many cases is clinically indistinguishable from M. tuberculosis infection. Mycobacterium bovis TB has been recognized as one of the neglected zoonoses in the world and its oral transmission still is important in different countries. Very little is known about the share of bovine TB in the global TB epidemic, but sporadic reports of cases are received from developing countries. In this article, the epidemiological situation as well implications for food safety are discussed.

Objective: To update in new biopolymers and innovations for ocular prostheses and visual implants for visual care. Methodology: The systematic review about biomaterials for ocular prostheses and visual implants was consulted on the following Journals Databases: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nature Eye, Ophthalmology, Br. J. Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic plastic in reconstructive surgery for a total review of 67 articles and 8 e-books were consulted with the following keywords: ocular prostheses and biopolymers, visual and ocular implants, artificial eye. Inclusion criteria: “ocular prostheses”, retinal prostheses systems (RPS) and “visual implants”. Search resources: MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, Biblioteca virtual en salud (BVS). Results: The traditional concept of ocular prostheses (ocular, orbital, epithesis, maxillofacial) and visual implants (retinal, optic nerve, cortical, subretinal, epiretinal and cortical implants, artificial silicon retinas and suprachoroidal transretinal stimulation (STS)) among others are changing on now days due to the new advances in technologies and also to the developing of new biomaterials, new microelectrodes and neural devices of several types around the world. Now, real “artificial eyes” are not only the craniofacial, maxillofacial, ocular and orbital prostheses, that replaces an absent eye after an enucleation. But also, new materials such as cryolite glass, gel from cellulose produced by Zoogloea sp., glass, silicone and porous polyethylene, graphene, dental biopolymers among others are being implemented as a materials for heart, eye and other organs implants due to their characteristics to improve good biological compatibility, to be more resistant and to contribute to reduce allergies and improve durability. These implants are used for replacement of the orbital content of the anophthalmic cavities. In addition to this, the existing wearing protocols must be updated, as the three phases model of prosthetic eye wear: establishment of homeostasis deposits builds up, recovery from effects of handling the prosthesis, and the posterior homeostasis´s stabilization for mucus and deposits, must be reduced in a near future by means of surface nanofilm or the inclusion of new biopolymers for fabrication to prevent the adherences and anticipate to immune responses after the implantation of these foreign bodies.

Introduction: the species Ocimum basilicum L., in the varieties: cinammom, album, thyrsiflorum have been reported by GC-MS by their high content of oxygenated monoterpenes and phenylpropans as: p-eugenol, E-Z methyl cinnamate, eucalyptol and linalool. Pharmacognosis studies indicate that these compounds are characterized by antimicrobial activities. Methods: essential oils (EOs) were obtained by distillation Clevenger-type steam stripping, dried with sodium sulfate anhydrous, and hermetically preserved under refrigeration. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was performed by the broth dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) from fold serial dilutions in a concentration range from 3,12 to 0,1%, and these concentrations were faced with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. Results: essential oils (EOs) of the species Ocimum basilicum L. var. cinammom showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, but not against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the results showed the same percentage for the concentration of EO as a MBC and MIC. The EOs of the species Ocimum basilicum L. var. album and Ocimum basilicum L. var. thyrsiflorum showed inhibitory activity at the same concentrations of OEs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, both varieties showed the same MIC and MBC against E. coli. Conclusion: these results obtained demonstrate the ability of OEs to inhibit the growth of certain pathogen microorganisms, which allows considering it as a potential source of phytocosmetics field, which has been reported for use in the manufacture of products for the treatment of acne, manufacture of shampoo, toners and masks.

Introduction: we present the results of the training provided to caregivers of older adults in the department of Risaralda 2011. Methods: a qualitative approach evaluation. In total 121 direct and indirect caregivers of the 15 Elderly Welfare Centers (EWC) of the 14 municipalities of Risaralda, with government support. 22 focus groups were organized. The information was recorded, transcribed, coded and categorized. Results: caregivers showed motivation and interest in learning new ways to meet the needs of the institutionalized elderly. The relevant three categories of analysis was company, physical activity and protection. Conclusion: the educational inte rvention reflects the contribution and interest of directors, employees and volunteers caregivers of the EWC in improving quality of life of older adults.

Objective: To identify new technological advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology and robotics and their application in diagnosis and therapeutics for visual health. Methodology: The systematic review was made in Journal of Engineering, Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, NIH Public Access, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Intechweb open access journal and books, among others for a total review of 43 articles and 6 books. The databases used were: NLM Catalogue, (NCBI), Scirus, CiteSeer and open access (Intechopen, Hindawi) with the advances in nanotechnology, artificial vision and robotics applied to visual health. Results: Retina implants, ocular memristors, ocular electrodes and chips, digital cameras and smart phone applications for low vision patients are some of the new alternatives in technology for the diagnosis based on biotechnology and nanotechnology and on the several years of job of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary researchers of different fields to make innovation useful for visual impairment, ocular microbiology and molecular immunodiagnostics. The FDA recently approved the retina implants and this opened a new field to allow converting light signals into electrical signals. On the other hand, in the field of pharmacology, ocular nano-carrier molecules for sustained release of drugs and other devices to vitrectomies are some of the significant health advance studies for the future in visual health. Additionally, in the field of contact lenses and artificial corneas: biopolymers for biosensors have been developed for early detection of keratoconus and systemic diseases. Conclusions: Nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics and bio-molecular biology are emerging and convergent sciences that when applied to visual sciences will be helpful for the patients, and are an increase in papers on innovation of this field, involving a multidisciplinary team requiring new divulgation in the role and performance of the visual health professionals of the future. To know and divulgate these new technologies is important for continued joint efforts around global education, and to create a database with new keywords, in order to know who and where these innovations are improving around the world, to planning researcher mobility and to include these new valuable technologies in the curriculum of visual health and get the patient safe.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases globally and its occurrence among risk groups —those with HIV/AIDS, indigenous populations, and individuals living in crowded conditions and/or extreme poverty such as homeless persons all the more1-4. Within the world morbidity and mortality burden of TB, special consideration has been recently given to disease incidence among homeless persons, not only because they can be a risk, a source of transmission and a hub for persistent presence of the pathogen, but also for their varying clinical evolution and outcome5-8. Despite the above, there are few published studies regarding TB among homeless persons in Latin America. Some isolated references can be found at Medline and Scopus from Brazil and Puerto Rico9,10, but none from Colombia. In this country, only approaches to the social aspects11 and public policies regarding TB among this population12, have been reported. For these reasons, the objective of this epidemiological study was to assess the occurrence of TB among registered HLP in the Pereira metropolitan area, Colombia, 2007-2010, and design a proposal for improvement of our approach to the disease and its evolution. Pereira is the major city among the Coffee-Triangle (also called Coffee Axis).

Objective: describe the established relationship between university students and their families with consumption of psychoactive substance consumption (PSC). Methods: A grounded theory approach (GP) model, made in 2009 in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. 70 university student volunteers subdivided in nine focus groups. The information was recorded and transcribed. Theoretical sampling with Atlas.ti coding and categorization. Results: The substantive theory "Family and psychoactive substance use: A search of the absent" was built on the integration of six concepts that allowed to reveal what is absent in the direct and indirect. Direct: protective family environment, exercise of authority and compliance with educational tasks. Hints: knowledge of the girl and her psychosocial context, knowledge of chemicals and human rights training. Conclusions: new challenges for the care of family dynamics, monitoring of the tensions and rhythms, exploring opportunities for intervention from their own everyday settings.

Introduction: natural medicine has substantially addressed the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants from the study of active principles, using techniques of phytochemistry, for application in different fields of health, including cosmetology.The production of medicinal and aromatic plants is cost-effective when given added value to primary production, those are not as drugs marketed fresh or dried vegetables, but processed and transformed. In that sense can be obtained extracts, oils or develop phytomedicines, phytocosmetic, etc.Method: a study with an experimental approach which was taken as reference of the genus Ocimum species belonging to the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae) that are cultivated in the Department of Risaralda. The species studied were of the varieties: O. basilicum L. var cinammom, O. anisatum, O. purpurescens, O. album, O. thyrsiflorum, O. cf. gratissimum.Essential oils were obtainedfrom the aerial parts of each plant species by extraction of the steam distillation and solvent extraction with ethyl acetate. This procedure was performed in triplicate for each species and its chemical composition was determined by GC-MS.To identify the components of the oils used the database Wiley library (Seventh Edition Version 2003). The recording of data was performed using Microsoft Excel program.Results: the chemical composition of essential oils obtained by GC-MS, reported high in phenylpropane (eugenol, (E)-methyl cinnamate (Z)-methyl cinnamate) and oxygenated monoterpenes (eucalyptol, α-terpineol, β - terpineol and linalool).Conclusions: the results are confirmed by reviewing reports from other studies on the chemical composition of some varieties of basil grown in the department of Tolima. This study found a chemotype for them "methyl cinnamate", and volatiles of these plants were rich in phenylpropanoids.