Recent publications
Grief and loss perspectives are frequently used in clinical and nonclinical (e.g., parent-facilitated support groups) settings to support families who are navigating awareness or disclosure of a child’s diverse gender identity (i.e., as transgender or nonbinary [TNB]). Little to no research has examined the mental health consequences of TNB youth of having parents and caregivers conceptualize their child’s gender transition or journey through the lens of loss and grief. Framed by minority stress theory, this study examines associations between 319 TNB youths’ (ages 13–22) awareness of familial grief related to their TNB identity and their own mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, and suicide thoughts and behaviors). Results indicate that TNB youth who experience familial grief or loss due to their TNB identity reported higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms and were more likely to have attempted suicide. We discuss how clinicians and providers in community settings can better support TNB youth by reducing the use of a grief and loss lens in interventions with families. Clinicians and other providers are encouraged to help families integrate a child’s developing gender identity and expression within the family context and to interrogate the meaning of loss of cisgender privilege for the youth and their parent and family systems.
I empirically estimate a discount for lack of marketability (DLOM) term structure for restriction periods up to 10 years. I model the multi‐year DLOM by annually compounding the 1‐year DLOM plus a term premium over the restriction period. I fit the model to a sample of 5,333 private equity placement implied DLOMs between 1985 and 2017. I estimate different DLOM term structures for the last and earlier pre‐initial public offering (IPO) private equity transactions. DLOM term structures exhibit level, slope, and curvature shifts similar to an interest rate term structure.
Background
Sleep is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by both duration and quality. Various sleep disturbances have been associated with mild cognitive impairment, but the role of specific disturbances in mild cognitive impairment pathophysiology remains unclear. This study investigated the associations between distinct sleep disturbances and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 50 and older using nationally representative data.
Methods
Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study were analyzed to explore the association between mild cognitive impairment and three types of sleep disturbances: trouble falling asleep, trouble waking up, and waking up too early. Logistic regression models estimated unadjusted (Model 1) and adjusted associations accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, social determinants of health (Model 2), general health (Model 3), depression (Model 4), and pain and physical activity (Model 5).
Results
The study cohort included 8877 participants aged ⩾50 years in 2018 (baseline) who were followed up in 2020. Overall, 15.4% reported trouble falling asleep, 23.2% reported trouble waking up, and 12.8% reported waking up too early and being unable to fall back asleep most of the time. Among older adults, approximately 13.1% reported experiencing mild cognitive impairment; The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was even higher in those who experienced sleep disturbances. The unadjusted odds ratio (uOR) for experiencing trouble falling asleep most of the time was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.42–2.03), for trouble waking up most of the time was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.10–1.57), and for waking up early most of the time was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.51–2.35). However, these positive associations attenuated depending on the covariate adjustment.
Conclusions
Nearly one in seven adults had mild cognitive impairment. The relationship between sleep disturbances and mild cognitive impairment has been challenging to delineate. Our findings demonstrate a positive association between sleep disturbances and mild cognitive impairment, although these associations were sensitive to covariate adjustments. These findings suggest multifaceted pathways for reducing the risk of mild cognitive impairment.
We say a model is continuous in utilities (resp., preferences) if small perturbations of utility functions (resp., preferences) generate small changes in the model’s outcomes. While similar, these two questions are different. They are only equivalent when the following two sets are isomorphic: the set of continuous mappings from preferences to the model’s outcomes, and the set of continuous mappings from utilities to the model’s outcomes. In this paper, we study the topology for preference spaces defined by such an isomorphism. This study is practically significant, as continuity analysis is predominantly conducted through utility functions, rather than the underlying preference space. Our findings enable researchers to extrapolate continuity in utility as indicative of continuity in underlying preferences.
Race‐based traumatic stress (RBTS) is a psychological response to racial discrimination among individuals with marginalized racial/ethnic identities, but the literature about how different forms of racial discrimination contribute to RBTS is lacking. We compared the effects of major, everyday, and vicarious racial discrimination on RBTS and evaluated the associations between ethnic–racial identity (ERI) and RBTS. Analyses used cross‐sectional survey data from Black, Asian, and Latine young adults ( N = 1,342, M age = 25.9 years) collected in 2022. Demographic variables; major, everyday, and vicarious racial discrimination; ERI commitment and exploration; and RBTS were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify correlates of RBTS. Everyday, β = .37, p < .001; vicarious, β = .16, p < .001; and major racial discrimination, β = .16, p = .004, predicted RBTS. Neither ERI commitment nor ERI exploration was significantly associated with RBTS. Race did not moderate the associations between major, everyday, or vicarious discrimination and RBTS, highlighting that Black, Asian, and Latine young adults appear to be equally at risk. As most vicarious racial discrimination and RBTS research has focused on Black samples, we expand the literature by including Latine and Asian young adults. Our observation that vicarious racial discrimination was a similarly strong predictor of RBTS compared to everyday and major racial discrimination underscores the importance of its inclusion in research focused on discrimination and mental health. Taken together, clinical assessment should focus on questions related to diverse experiences of racial discrimination for individuals with marginalized racial identities.
This study examines early childhood preservice teachers’ experiences using diverse picture books to create social justice mathematics lesson plans referencing the Learning for Justice (2022) Social Justice Standards. Data analysis of lesson plans and reflective responses indicated that most preservice teachers designed segmented lessons siloing social justice standards, mathematical concepts, and literature selections. They also selected literature and social justice mathematics lessons connecting Identity and Diversity standards more than Justice and Action standards, thereby exhibiting varied preferences and understandings toward specific targeted goals when planning lessons to develop justice-oriented critical consciousness in mathematics settings. Recommendations note explicit opportunities for preservice teachers to engage with diverse picture books and social justice mathematics lesson plans referencing each domain to develop their professional practice.
COVID-19 created a community trauma for all of society, including healthcare. This qualitative research project examines one healthcare agency’s organizing of a COVID-19 support group for agency staff and the experiences of the non-medical community-based behavioral health workers facilitating the groups for agency co-workers. The COVID-19 staff support group program (SSG) spontaneously evolved within the agency to respond to the pressing needs arising during this traumatic crisis. The SSG groups were facilitated by behavioral health social worker managers who volunteered for this role, with the understanding that group facilitators and staff group participants were co-workers. The SSGs were designed to promote safe, confidential discussion of all issues. One year into the program, a research project was designed to study the experiences of the SSGs facilitators using three focus groups to elicit common themes. While other COVID-19 support programs used evidence-based strategies to structure their groups, the SSG groups used a more open-ended approach to promote and manage the trauma-induced feelings discussed in the groups. The concept of shared trauma and shared resilience helped the research team understand the group processes that emerged. Focus group analysis yielded four major themes related to the SSG facilitator role, COVID-19 trauma, political upheaval, and agency impact. We conclude that a program design organically arising from an agency’s use of its own readily available staff resources can be effectively deployed and clinically effective in supporting staff and organizations struggling with traumatic crises like COVID-19.
Smart tourist destinations are increasingly using technology to manage interactions with tourists. Chatbots, supported by artificial intelligence and natural language processing, have demonstrated greater capability and effectiveness in various conversational scenarios, offering assistance to tourists before, during, and after their visits. However, the effectiveness of chatbots can be improved, as these applications only cover some tourism functionalities. This article analyzes chatbots, accompanied by an exhaustive study of their evolution. We used the Web of Science and Scopus databases to gather relevant papers using a specific search query. This study provides a comprehensive overview of advances and trends in tourism chatbots over the past ten years (2013-2023), highlighting current failings and opportunities for future developments.
Recovering images corrupted by multiplicative noise is a well-known challenging task. Motivated by the success of multiscale hierarchical decomposition methods (MHDM) in image processing, we adapt a variety of both classical and new multiplicative noise removing models to the MHDM form. On the basis of previous work, we further present a tight and a refined version of the corresponding multiplicative MHDM. We discuss existence and uniqueness of solutions for the proposed models and, additionally, provide convergence properties. Moreover, we present a discrepancy principle stopping criterion which prevents recovering excess noise in the multiscale reconstruction. Through comprehensive numerical experiments and comparisons, we qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the validity of all proposed models for denoising and deblurring images degraded by multiplicative noise. By construction, these multiplicative multiscale hierarchical decomposition methods have the added benefit of recovering many scales of an image, which can provide features of interest beyond image denoising.
We investigate whether firm-level political connections affect the allocation of exemptions from tariffs imposed on $US 550 billion of Chinese goods imported to the United States annually beginning in 2018. Evidence points to politicians not only rewarding supporters but also punishing opponents: Past campaign contributions to the party controlling (in opposition to) the executive branch increase (decrease) approval likelihood. Our findings point to quid pro quo arrangements between politicians and firms, as opposed to the “information” channel linking political access to regulatory outcomes.
This chapter explores human dignity from two disciplinary perspectives: theology and psychology. In the western Judeo-Christian framework dignity emerges as the human created in God’s image or as the Imago Dei. From a psychological standpoint, self-worth, both conceived and perceived, constitutes human dignity. The two disciplinary perspectives illuminate a dual conception of dignity, as (1) inherent or internally developed and (2) acquired or externally confirmed. Inherent dignity assumes an unassailability, while acquired or perceived dignity remains assailable: one person or persons can diminish or externally destroy another’s perceived dignity. Trauma enacted by human design undermines the perception of self-worth and dignity, despite the assurance of human dignity inherent in notion of humanity’s creation in the image of God. Exploring trauma perpetuated by human design underscores a tension in dignity, between the internal and external worlds. Trauma affects dignity internally related to human affect and externally related to approbation and empathy. Internally, shame affectively impairs dignity as an outcome of trauma. Restoring dignity, and lessening the shame experience, requires the internal belief of self-worth. Human relationships facilitate the development of such worth. The internal belief instills itself through the external approbation of another, here outlined as empathic connection. A cycle emerges; structural parallels between shame and empathy intertwine at a threshold where a dearth of empathy feeds into more shame and less dignity. When shame goes unaddressed, the affect inhibits empathy and undermines human dignity both intrinsically, as self-worth, and extrinsically, as part of the social fabric of human life. The chapter thus argues that a connection with others, considered as shared empathy, combats the violation of human dignity enacted by shame and trauma.
Introduction
The period following discharge from psychiatric hospitalization is one of particularly elevated suicide risk. It is essential to better understand risk factors for suicide during this period; however, retention and compliance in longitudinal research can be a challenge with high‐risk populations.
Methods
We examined compliance rates in the six‐month period following psychiatric hospital discharge among 174 adults (149 psychiatric patients and 25 healthy controls) across three data collection methods: ecological momentary assessment (EMA), weekly clinical assessment phone calls, and clinical follow‐up assessments at two‐ and six‐months post‐discharge. We examined whether clinical and demographic characteristics influenced compliance rates.
Results
Results suggested low rates of EMA compliance, but strong rates of completion of weekly phone calls and follow‐up assessments. Compared to psychiatric patients, healthy controls completed more EMA and weekly phone calls, but not follow‐up assessments. Participants who met current diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode and who scored above the clinical threshold for borderline personality disorder symptoms had lower EMA compliance rates.
Conclusions
These findings have important implications for strategies to improve patient engagement in research during this high‐risk period.
Risk‐taking includes both negative and positive risky behaviors, but little is known about how negative and positive risk‐taking occur simultaneously. This study examined negative and positive risk‐taking profiles of Asian American and Non‐Asian American emerging adults ( N = 401; M age = 20.68; 68.30% women) and their demographic and cultural factor correlates. Three profiles emerged: Moderate Negative and Positive, Low Negative and Positive, and High Negative/Average Positive. Asian Americans were most likely to belong in the Low Negative and Positive. The High Negative/Average Positive profile was associated with stronger emotion control values, whereas the Low Negative and Positive profile was higher in humility values. These findings underscore the role of cultural beliefs in shaping distinct risk‐taking patterns among emerging adults.
Introducing Commit, a new article type at Digital Discovery intended for reporting incremental improvements on work previously published in the journal.
Institution pages aggregate content on ResearchGate related to an institution. The members listed on this page have self-identified as being affiliated with this institution. Publications listed on this page were identified by our algorithms as relating to this institution. This page was not created or approved by the institution. If you represent an institution and have questions about these pages or wish to report inaccurate content, you can contact us here.
Information
Address
New York City, United States
Website