Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo investigar um percurso singular de recepção e tradução das ideias de Antonio Gramsci no Brasil. Este trabalho visa reconstruir o pensamento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante a ditadura militar e a transição democrática brasileira (1964-1988) tomando como fio condutor a interpretação e uso que esse autor faz das ideias de Antonio Gramsci ao longo do tempo para a análise da formação do Estado, das classes sociais e da política no Brasil. O texto desenvolve a hipótese da centralidade dos conceitos gramscianos no pensamento de Cardoso em três fases de refração gramsciana: i) entre 1964 e 1974, na tese da hegemonia dependente da burguesia no Brasil, ii) entre 1974 e 1983, na defesa do Estado brasileiro como “Príncipe Moderno” enquanto categoria para análise da coalizão agrário-industrial-militar no pós-1964, e iii) de 1983 a 1988, na formulação do transformismo autoritário-esclarecido como comportamento das elites econômicas e militares brasileiras diante da pressão pela democratização do regime. Os usos dos conceitos gramscianos em Cardoso são criativos em todos esses momentos. Isto é, o pensador brasileiro se inspira nos conceitos gramscianos para criar seu próprio léxico a ser utilizado na análise da política brasileira. O artigo explora, portanto, não apenas a recepção, mas também a tradução das ideias de Gramsci em Fernando Henrique Cardoso.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar o processo de preservação e de refuncionalização do patrimônio industrial do Vale do Ruhr a partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada na região entre outubro de 2023 e julho de 2024. Para tal finalidade, iniciaremos contextualizando o processo de industrialização e de desindustrialização ocorridos nos últimos 150 anos, no Vale do Ruhr, demonstrando suas conexões com a urbanização da área, bem como com a construção de uma identidade coletiva local fundamentada na memória do passado mineiro e industrial. Em seguida, demonstraremos como ocorreu o processo político e econômico que levou à formação da Rota do Patrimônio Industrial do Ruhr, um conjunto de espaços industriais de interesse histórico agora protegidos e reconvertidos a novas finalidades.

This article aims to describe and analyze the process of preservation and repurposing of industrial heritage in the Ruhr Valley based on field research conducted in the region between October 2023 and July 2024. To achieve this, we will begin by contextualizing the industrialization and deindustrialization process that has been occurring over the last century and a half in the Ruhr Valley. We will demonstrate its connections with the urbanization of the area and the construction of a local collective identity grounded on the memory of the mining and industrial past. Then, we will explore the political and economic processes that led to the formation of the Ruhr Industrial Heritage Route, a collection of industrial sites of historical interest now protected and repurposed.

Lippia origanoides Kunth (LO, Verbenaceae), commonly known in Brazil as salva-de-marajó, is an aromatic plant native to the Americas. Quilombola women from Oriximiná (Pará State, Brazil) use decoctions and decoction vapors of LO aerial parts orally or in sitz baths to alleviate symptoms of dysmenorrhea. This study aimed to evaluate LO decoctions and essential oils through a chemo-qualitative approach. Aerial parts of LO were collected from two individuals, and other two commercial samples were acquired from a public market. Aqueous extract of each sample was obtained by decoction and spray drying. The spray-dried decoctions were chemically characterized using UPLC-APCI(−)-IT-MS2 and cluster heatmap analysis to discern compositional patterns. Essential oils were obtained through hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC–MS and GC-FID. In total, 12 compounds were tentatively identified from LO decoctions. Their product ion spectra were characteristic of flavonoid aglycones (5) and glycosides (4), and phenylpropanoids, including two stilbene glycosides and one hydroxycinnamic acid glycoside. Variations were noted in the chemical fingerprints of the decoctions, but the flavonoid glycosides orientin, isoorientin, and vitexin emerged as potential markers for the species. The essential oils of the samples contained high amounts of oxygenated monoterpenoids, with a predominance of the p-menthanes carvacrol (up to 61.9 %) and/or thymol (up to 17.0 %), and p-cymene (up to 24.9 %). This study was the first to explore the chemical composition of decoctions derived from LO, highlighting the species as an untapped source of phenolic glycosides, an aspect that has received limited discussion thus far.

Coffee is a beverage that is widely consumed throughout the world, especially in Brazil. Its high market value makes it a prime target for fraud. To combat this fraud, different methods have been developed and improved over the years to detect potential adulterants in coffee and guarantee its authenticity. Nevertheless, these methods still pose a challenge. Therefore, this work aimed to identify adulteration markers in roasted and ground Arabica coffee using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the flavonoid and phenolic acid profile. Samples of Arabica coffee beans and defective coffee beans were adulterated with coffee husks by preparing mixtures in different proportions (97:3, 90:10, 80:20 % w/w), which were then subjected to chromatographic and chemometric analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Using the phenolic compounds associated with chemometric methods, protocatechuic acid was identified as a marker of adulteration in roasted and ground coffee with Arabica coffee husks, even at low adulterant concentrations (3 %). Keywords: Arabica coffee; chemometric methods; flavonoids; food fraud; phenolic acids

This Element outlines an overview of popular music made in Brazil, from the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century. Initially addressing the definition of the 'popular' category, discussion then follows on the ways a Brazilian music identity was built after the country's independence in 1822 until the end of the 1920s. An idea of 'popular music' was consolidated throughout the twentieth century, from being associated with rural musical performances of oral tradition to the recorded urban musical genres that were established through radio and television. After exploring the world of mass popular music, the relationships between traditional and modern, the topics of cultural diversity, multiculturalism, and the impact of digitalization, as well as the musical kaleidoscope of the twenty-first century, the Element ends with an insight into music genres in the era of digital platforms.

Caloric Restriction (CR) and cinnamon promote several benefits, including the modulation of lipid metabolism and body fat mass. We hypothesize that cinnamon may act as a mimetic of restriction or enhance the effects of caloric restriction on adipose tissue. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into Control (CT, n = 8) and Cinnamon (CIN, n = 7), with free access to standard chow; Calorie Restriction (CR, n = 8) and Calorie Restriction with Cinnamon (CIN-CR, n = 7), subjected to a 30% reduction in food intake compared to the average consumption of CT rats. Both CIN groups received 50 mg cinnamon powder (Cinnamomun verum) per kg body mass, by gavage, over 6 weeks. Cinnamon treatment did not alter food intake under either ad libitum or caloric restriction conditions. The CR and CIN-CR groups exhibit lower body mass. Basal glycemia, lipid profile, and triglyceride-glycemic index were similar between groups. The combination of both interventions induced lower visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and smaller adipocyte diameter in the visceral and subcutaneous WAT compartments, accompanied by reduced expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (Acaca, Fasn, Cd36, Srebf1c), suggesting decreased lipid synthesis. Histological analyses identified a browning phenotype in the CR, CIN, and CIN-CR groups, positive for UCP1 immunostaining. The CR and CIN-CR groups showed lower Atg7 expression, and CIN-CR animals expressed increased levels of Lamp2, suggesting modulation of autophagy. Brown adipose tissue mass and lipid content were not influenced by any intervention. These findings suggest that cinnamon may enhance the effects of caloric restriction in promoting adipocyte metabolic health.

The use of Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) seeds is a promising solution to accelerate the hydration kinetics of Portland cement mixtures blended containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) with a low initial reactivity. However, the interaction mechanisms between C-S-H seeds and alternative SCM, such as Rice husk ash (RHA), are still not fully understood. In this paper, pastes with three levels of Portland cement replacement (10, 20, and 30% by volume of cement) by a high-carbon content RHA were analyzed, with and without the addition of 3% C-S-H seeds. The hydration process and the mechanical performance of the pastes were evaluated through isothermal calorimetry for seven days, thermogravimetric analysis, and compressive strength after 1, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that the C-S-H seeds increased Portlandite consumption during the first hours of the hydration process and enhanced compressive strength after one day of curing. These finds suggested that the use of C-S-H seeds could eliminate the delay in the hydration process and strength development during the initial hours caused by the high-carbon content and low reactivity of RHA.

Aloe vera gel is widely used in cosmetics due to its biological activities, but its extraction leads to high waste generation. Therefore, developing alternatives that can convert Aloe vera residues into value-added products is attractive. The present study proposes obtaining bioactive phenolic compounds and ethanol from the fractionation of the residue, including solid–liquid extraction, alkaline pretreatment, and extraction in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs). The solid–liquid extraction with ethanol was effective, recovering 26.99 mg of phenolic compounds per gram of material. In the ATPS extraction, the composition of the ethanol/ammonium sulfate system and the pH showed sensitive effects on the yield of phenolic compounds in the top phase, which presented a level of 90%. To improve productivity, the 20% ethanol/22% ammonium sulfate/40% extract condition without pH adjustment was selected, and it was able to achieve 93.5% yield and a partition coefficient of 14.2. In addition to ensuring the isolation of phenolics, the top phase of ATPS showed high DPPH (4710.53 mmol TE/mL) and ABTS (2217.50 mmolTE/mL) radical scavenging capacity, similar to the results of the initial extract. The post-extraction residue was used as raw material for alkaline pretreatment, and the pretreated residue showed higher enzymatic digestibility than the untreated residue. Under 10% solids loading and 20 FPU/g cellulases, 30.31 g/L glucose and 75.45% cellulosic conversion were obtained from the hydrolysis of the alkaline-pretreated residue. Ethanol production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation increased as a function of the solid loading and reached its maximum value of 21.74 g/L at 15% solids (yield of 70.93%). Therefore, this study acts on the circular economy of Aloe vera and can contribute to efforts to increase the value of the plant.

Objective to characterize nursing undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic based on intersectionality. Method this is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive approach that characterized the population during the pandemic, covering the years 2020 and 2021. A questionnaire was developed with questions on socioeconomic, labor, cultural, and health aspects. Results the analysis of the implementation of a nursing bachelor’s program at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Macaé Institute of Nursing reveals a student profile that is predominantly young, female, Black, working class, and cisgender, reflecting a specific social reality of northern Rio de Janeiro. The expansion of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and the implementation of affirmative actions, such as reserving spots for black students, have promoted greater diversity in nursing education. However, structural and institutional racism still persists, reflected in inequalities between white and black professionals in the field. Conclusion and implications for practice promoting equity and developing intersectoral actions for the maintenance and expansion of educational and social policies is fundamental to correcting social asymmetries in academic training. Keywords: COVID-19; Universities; Students, Nursing; Teaching; Intersectional Framework

Aim: This systematic review was aimed at addressing the focused question: What is the protective potential of biological agents against alveolar bone resorption during the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP)? Material and Methods: The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework database (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/3P2HY). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase databases up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of preclinical studies in animal models of EP that examined the effects of biological agents on preventing periodontal bone loss and reducing tissue inflammation. Studies were excluded if they (i) used non-EP animal models; (ii) focused on antimicrobial agents; (iii) centered on prebiotics or probiotics; (iv) evaluated compounds not classified as biologicals; or (v) included randomized clinical trials, clinical studies, or reviews. Eligibility was determined based on the PI/ECOs framework, and study quality was assessed using the SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool. Results: After screening an initial pool of 5236 records from databases, registries, and hand searches, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 23 biological agents were evaluated across these studies. The majority of studies employed the ligature-induced model of EP to test the effectiveness of biologicals as preventive or therapeutic interventions. The dosage of biological agents and the duration of disease induction varied depending on the EP model. In all studies, the main outcome—alveolar bone loss, a hallmark of EP—was significantly inhibited by biological agents, which also reduced proinflammatory mediators when compared to untreated controls. A key strength of this review is the high number of studies included, most of which were classified as having low risk of bias. However, a notable limitation is the absence of a meta-analysis, the short follow-up periods in the included studies, and the heterogeneity among the compound dosages and route of administration. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that biological agents are effective in reducing bone loss and mitigating inflammation during EP progression. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings in human populations.

Establishing interoperability links is a significant challenge in systems-of-information systems (SoIS) engineering. Even with constituent systems (CS) interfaces documentation, achieving such links is a difficult, time-consuming, and error-prone task that requires attention from CS developers, especially if it is performed manually. In order to contribute to this task, we propose Agape, a semiautomatic method using syntactic similarity analysis of API attributes to identify potential CS connection points. We implemented the AgapeTool tool based on the method and performed two-fold evaluations. In the preliminary evaluation, we executed a controlled experiment to evaluate the performance of AgapeTool and empirically define the best similarity algorithms and thresholds for the task of identifying connection points between two well known API. In the evaluation, we use AgapeTool in two cases involving four CS API from a SoIS of a global computer manufacturer. Then, we conducted semistructured interviews with five experienced developers of the target SoIS to evaluate the outcomes. In practice, the results reveal that AgapeTool is effective in both environments, and API syntactic similarity analysis is efficient for identifying CS interoperability links. From a research point, the combination of syntactic and semantic analyzes looks promising for more accurate and reliable results.

Ficus subapiculata is distributed throughout the Amazon region, although its potential for commercial fruit production has not yet been explored. We describe here the chemical and nutritional composition of F. subapiculata fruits and some aspects of the postharvest maturation. The fruits are low in calories (69.83 kcal), have moderate carbohydrate content (15.1 g/100 g), and a high moisture content (82.15 g/100 g), with physicochemical properties and an organic acid profile that classify them as acidic. After 72 hours of observation at room temperature, fresh fruits exhibited signs of deterioration, such as color changes and weight due to senescence, making them unsuitable for consumption. Forty-five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the fresh fruits through headspace analysis, most belonging to the terpenoid class of aromatic notes. Over 96 hours of observation, the fruits showed variations in their volatile compound profiles and a significant decrease in total VOCs content. The compounds that bound most strongly to the olfactory receptor in a docking study, such as germacrene D, also had the strongest odorcausing effects. The results suggest that the ability of aromatic notes to influence the olfactory perception of fruit is related to how well they fit and interact with the OR1G1 target protein. Finally, the chemical constituents and nutritional composition of F. subapiculata fruits were determined, and their 96 h of observation period at room temperature was evaluated. These findings provided important information for a better understanding of the nutritional potential and properties of this fruit. graphical abstract Fullsize Image

The isoelectronic species water, ammonia and methane play an important role in the effects of ionizing radiation with profound implications in surrounding environments. The interest on these molecules remains unabated in diverse fields ranging from atmospheric and astro-chemistry to biomedical applications. The ionized molecules, their radicals and charged fragments are prolific sources for the formation and damage of organic compounds. In this study we present a short review of single ionization and fragmentation of water, ammonia and methane induced by swift proton collision. The formation of ionic species depends on the selection of which orbital electron(s) from the molecules are removed by the proton. The molecule is initially destabilized, then a stable, metastable or dissociative configuration state is reached. An ionic species is formed dependent on the excited state the molecule is left by the electron removal mechanism and its production can be attributed to several final ionic states. It is our goal to understand the mechanism of water, ammonia and methane dissociation based on the knowledge of the distribution of single primary vacancies produced by the swift proton collision. The electronic configuration and orbital symmetry of the molecule are playing a more dominant role in controlling the ionization and fragmentation processes.

To analyze the feasibility, efficacy and results of the use of 125Iodine seeds for intra-operative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. Retrospective review of 1477 patients referred by various breast specialist surgeons, with radiologically detected but clinically nonpalpable microcalcifications, asymmetric density or nodules, submitted to pre-operatory 125Iodine seed implant, between July 2012 and September 2023. A total of 1757 seeds were implanted in ordinary radiologic departments, supported by ultrasonography or mammography exams, chosen according to the morphologic aspect of the lesion. Radioguided surgical procedure took place on the same day or few days after the implant of the seeds, with the help of a radiation detector called Gamaprobe, which directs the surgeons towards the radioactive seeds and to the lesion to be resected. All implants were performed as outpatient procedures, with patients immediately returning to their daily activities. No complications such as pain, bleeding, infection, and hematoma were recorded. Pathologists had no difficulty in preparing the surgical specimens for histopathologic analysis. Surgical safety margins were considered adequate in all pathologic reports, with no need for re-operations. The healing process was not jeopardized by radiation, and the surgeons were pleased with the improvement in intraoperative lesion localizations and the shortening on operatory time. Cosmetic results were well accepted by the patients. The 125Iodine seed implant is an effective alternative method for intraoperative localization of radiologically detectable and clinically nonpalpable breast lesions.

This Element introduces Afro-Brazilian religions and underscores the necessity for an expanded methodological framework to encompass these traditions in the philosophy of religion. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating overlooked sources like mythic narratives and ethnographies while acknowledging the pivotal role of material culture in cognitive processes. Furthermore, it advocates for adopting an embodiment paradigm to facilitate the development of a philosophy of religious practice. The Element illustrates this approach by examining phenomena often neglected in philosophical discussions on religion, such as sacrifice and spirit possession, and delves into the ontological commitments and implications of these practices. It also stresses the significance of employing thick descriptions and embracing interdisciplinary dialogue to cultivate a globally inclusive philosophy of religion, capable of engaging with phenomena frequently sidelined within the mainstream.

Pursuing a healthy life has driven the coconut industry over the years, and consequently, concerns about the fate of waste have increased. Inadequate disposal of green coconut shells can deteriorate local landscapes and increase the occurrence of disease vectors, so means of recovery are urgent. The present study proposes obtaining sugars and ethanol from green coconut shells through sequenced pretreatments. Steam explosion and acid pretreatments were carried out in the first stage, and alkaline peroxide and alkaline pretreatments in the second one. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted under different dosages of cellulases (10, 15, and 20 FPU/g), and the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) strategies were carried out to produce ethanol. Due to the removal of hemicellulose and lignin, the application of sequenced pretreatments (sulfuric acid/sodium hydroxide and steam explosion/sodium hydroxide) achieved higher cellulose values (57.69% and 47.55%, w/w) and higher crystallinity indices (49.34% and 45.66%). Using samples from sequenced pretreatments guaranteed reduced cellulase dosage from 20 to 10 FPU/g without compromising the sugar release, with a maximum glucose yield of 50.8% at 20 FPU/g. Using 15% (w/v) solids, the SSSF of the sulfuric acid/sodium hydroxide sample achieved a maximum ethanol production of 18.39 g/L, which corresponds to a yield of 37.5%, using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2. Therefore, the present study is aligned with efforts to make cellulosic ethanol technology competitive and will contribute to an adequate use of green coconut shells. Graphical Abstract