Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo investigar um percurso singular de recepção e tradução das ideias de Antonio Gramsci no Brasil. Este trabalho visa reconstruir o pensamento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante a ditadura militar e a transição democrática brasileira (1964-1988) tomando como fio condutor a interpretação e uso que esse autor faz das ideias de Antonio Gramsci ao longo do tempo para a análise da formação do Estado, das classes sociais e da política no Brasil. O texto desenvolve a hipótese da centralidade dos conceitos gramscianos no pensamento de Cardoso em três fases de refração gramsciana: i) entre 1964 e 1974, na tese da hegemonia dependente da burguesia no Brasil, ii) entre 1974 e 1983, na defesa do Estado brasileiro como “Príncipe Moderno” enquanto categoria para análise da coalizão agrário-industrial-militar no pós-1964, e iii) de 1983 a 1988, na formulação do transformismo autoritário-esclarecido como comportamento das elites econômicas e militares brasileiras diante da pressão pela democratização do regime. Os usos dos conceitos gramscianos em Cardoso são criativos em todos esses momentos. Isto é, o pensador brasileiro se inspira nos conceitos gramscianos para criar seu próprio léxico a ser utilizado na análise da política brasileira. O artigo explora, portanto, não apenas a recepção, mas também a tradução das ideias de Gramsci em Fernando Henrique Cardoso.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of daytime, nighttime and nocturnal blood pressure (BP) fall on heart failure (HF). METHODS We analyzed data of five cohorts including 15,526 treated hypertensive patients, experiencing 625 HF events, by study-level meta-analysis. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for 1-SD increase in BP parameters or per group were calculated. RESULTS When individually analyzed after adjustment for covariates, clinic systolic BP (SBP) (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43), daytime SBP (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.70), nighttime SBP (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.71), nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52), % of nocturnal SBP fall (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.88) and nondipping (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.54-1.98) were associated with HF. If daytime or nighttime BPs were further adjusted for clinic BP results remained similar. When clinic, daytime and nighttime BPs were mutually adjusted, nighttime SBP (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.27-1.61) and nighttime DBP (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.64) remained associated with outcome. Heterogeneity across cohorts was explained by BP, sex and follow-up duration. In sensitivity analyses, for daytime and nighttime BP, no study had relevant influential effect on overall estimates. Looking for publication bias and adjusting for missing studies by Duval and Tweedie’s method, clinic SBP lost significance but daytime SBP, and nighttime SBP and DBP remained significantly associated with HF. CONCLUSIONS daytime and nighttime BPs are stronger than clinic BP in predicting HF, nighttime BP is stronger than daytime BP and a reduced nocturnal BP fall is associated with outcome.

Almost 40 per cent of Brazil's native vegetation is located on over five million private properties. This study assesses the potential of agricultural land taxes and tradable forest certificates for conserving Brazil's fragmented native vegetation across commercial farms, using micro census data from 2006 and 2017. We explore the variability of optimal tax rates and market prices for forest certificates, revealing a supply-demand imbalance in the Amazon and high sensitivity of conservation outcomes to changes in farmland opportunity costs, especially in productive areas. Despite a more positively skewed distribution of opportunity costs by 2017, market outcomes remained unaffected. Notably, expanding the market to include the Amazon's agricultural frontier microregions could achieve 45 per cent of the conservation target. Our analysis underscores the interplay between market-based conservation mechanisms and regional agricultural economics, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to optimize conservation efforts.

Background Globally, over one-third of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease diagnoses are made based on clinical criteria after a negative bacteriological test result. There is limited information on the factors that determine clinicians’ decisions to initiate TB treatment when initial bacteriological test results are negative. Methods and findings We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis using studies conducted between January 2010 and December 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022287613). We included trials or cohort studies that enrolled individuals evaluated for TB in routine settings. In these studies, participants were evaluated based on clinical examination and routinely used diagnostics and were followed for ≥1 week after the initial test result. We used hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression to identify factors associated with treatment initiation following a negative result on an initial bacteriological test (e.g., sputum smear microscopy (SSM), Xpert MTB/RIF). Multiple factors were positively associated with treatment initiation: male sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.61 (1.31, 1.95)], history of prior TB [aOR 1.36 (1.06, 1.73)], reported cough [aOR 4.62 (3.42, 6.27)], reported night sweats [aOR 1.50 (1.21, 1.90)], and having HIV infection but not on ART [aOR 1.68 (1.23, 2.32)]. Treatment initiation was substantially less likely for individuals testing negative with Xpert [aOR 0.77 (0.62, 0.96)] compared to smear microscopy and declined in more recent years. We were not able assess why clinicians made treatment decisions, as these data were not available. Conclusions Multiple factors influenced decisions to initiate TB treatment despite negative test results. Clinicians were substantially less likely to treat in the absence of a positive test result when using more sensitive, PCR-based diagnostics.

Introduction The consumption of tropical fruits, including jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora), a popular Brazilian berry, has attracted attention due to its possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits in humans. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of jaboticaba berry juice (JBT) supplementation on markers of muscle damage and muscle quality after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in resistance-trained subjects. Methods Over 7 days, 24 trained participants were randomly assigned to consume 250 mL of JBT (containing approximately 1,060 mg of total polyphenols) or 250 mL of a fruit-flavored placebo drink (control). To induce EIMD, on the fourth day, participants performed ten sets of ten repetitions for the non-dominant knee extension and flexion using an isokinetic dynamometer. Assessments for maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), muscle thickness (MT), echo intensity (EI), and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were measured before the initiation of the study and 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after EIMD protocol. Results The EIMD protocol significantly reduced MVIC (p < 0.001) while increasing MT (p = 0.013), EI (p = 0.024), and DOMS (p < 0.001). JBT supplementation accelerated the recovery of MVIC (p = 0.006), and mitigated DOMS (p = 0.043) at 2 h post-exercise. Furthermore, JBT also attenuated EI at 48 h (p = 0.012) and 72 h (p = 0.034) on the subsequent days after the EIMD. Conclusion Supplementation with JBT attenuated lower limb muscle soreness, enhanced isometric strength, and morphological characteristics of muscle following EIMD. Additional research on the anti-inflammatory effects of jaboticaba berry juice is necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms involved in these benefits. Clinical trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) (RBR-9fjqvng).

Hormones are chemical messengers released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream to regulate various functions like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and responses to stress. These signaling molecules, which can be lipid, amide, or peptide-based, act slowly over time to influence many bodily processes. The endocrine system, including glands such as the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, coordinates these functions by sending signals to target cells. In contrast, exocrine glands release substances through ducts, such as those in the digestive system. Proper hormonal balance is crucial for health, as imbalances can lead to a range of diseases affecting overall well-being.

Purpose of Review This review aims to delve into the management of fungal infections, with a focus on optimizing antifungal therapy while minimizing drug interactions. It underscores the challenges posed by drug-resistant pathogens and the complex pharmacokinetics of antifungal agents. Recent Findings The landscape of antifungal treatment has broadened with the introduction of new therapies; however, drug resistance and interactions continue to pose significant challenges. Innovative combination therapies, incorporating both novel and repurposed drugs, show promise in enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing resistance. The antifungal interaction database is emphasized as a crucial tool for navigating these complexities. Summary Combination antifungal therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of invasive fungal infections by offering broader coverage and reducing toxicity. Achieving successful treatment outcomes requires a comprehensive understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, highlighting the necessity for clinical application. As fungal infections rise, particularly among immunocompromised patients, ongoing research and clinical trials are essential for developing groundbreaking treatments and advancing patient care.

Objective To assess the influence of conservative or invasive treatments on the appearance of sequelae in permanent successor teeth (SPT) after injuries in the support tissues of anterior deciduous teeth (ISTDT). Methods This cohort study accompanied 52 children with ISTDT up to the complete eruption of the permanent successor to investigate the presence or not of SPT. Trauma was clinically evaluated according to the International Association for Dental Traumatology. Sex, age at the time of trauma (ATT), type and severity of trauma, sequelae in anterior deciduous teeth (SDT), treatment type (conservative—without exodontia/ invasive—with exodontia), seeking care (immediate/late), and the caregiver's education level (CEL) were collected. Regression models were performed ( p = 0.05). Results Of the children (ATT = 3.6 ± 1.5 years), boys (52/57.1%) were the majority. The teeth ( n = 91) injuries were lateral luxation (26/28.6%), intrusion (22/24.1%), concussion (20/22.0%), subluxation (19/20.9%), and extrusion (4/4.4%), that affected only incisors. Most teeth (63/69.2%) received late care, presented SDT (62/68.1%) and were treated conservatively (73/80.2%). There was no association of sex ( p = 0.611), SDT ( p = 0.705) and seeking care ( p = 0.800) with SPT. The treatment type did not influence the SPT occurrence ( p = 0.923), independent of the ATT, trauma severity and the educational level of the caregiver. The lower the ATT ( p = 0.026) and the more severe the trauma ( p = 0.009), the higher the number of SPT. Conclusion The treatment type of anterior deciduous teeth, mainly considering incisors, did not influence the appearance of SPT, which leads us to always choose the most conservative treatment, independent of the child's age, the injury severity, and the caregiver's educational level.

The genus Wittmackia has 44 species distributed in two centers of diversity: the Brazilian clade and the Caribbean clade. The Brazilian clade includes 29 species, with geographic distribution concentrated in the Northeast of Brazil. This study reports the morphology, ultrastructure, pollen viability and stigma receptivity by different microscopy techniques of 23 species of the genus Wittmackia endemic to Brazil and occurring in Atlantic Forest areas. Pollen morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy by the weak lactic acetolysis method. Histochemical tests were performed with Alexander's solution and fluorescein diacetate. For in vitro germination of pollen grains, two culture media were evaluated. Stigma receptivity was evaluated with hydrogen peroxide and α‐naphthyl acetate. The Wittmackia genus presented biporate pollen grains, monads to tetrads, with oblate, suboblate or oblate‐spheroidal shape, circular or elliptical scope, and heteropolar or sub‐isopolar morphology. The stigmas are of the conduplicate‐spiral type, with differences in color and size. In both histochemical tests, high viability was observed, mainly at anthesis, coinciding with in vitro germination. The species presented high enzymatic activity during receptivity, with a very strong positive response, mainly at anthesis. Studies of pollen morphology and viability provide important information for the conservation and genetic improvement of Wittmackia species, also assisting in the taxonomy of the genus and the reproductive success of future controlled crosses.

Aim This study aimed to explore the possible bidirectional interrelations between fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome (MS) and apical periodontitis (AP). Methodology Twenty‐eight male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups ( n = 7, per group): Control (C), AP, Fructose Consumption (FRUT) and Fructose Consumption and AP (FRUT+AP). The rats in groups C and AP received filtered water, while those in groups FRUT and FRUT+AP received a 20% fructose solution mixed with water to induce MS. The groups AP and FRUT+AP had the pulp of their right mandibular first molar exposed to induce AP. Food consumption, murinometric measurements, blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance were monitored. Fifty‐six days after the start of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, and serum samples were collected for metabolomic analysis. Mandibles, livers and right kidneys were also collected. The area and volume of the periapical lesions were calculated using micro‐computed tomography. Histopathological evaluation was performed. Kruskal–Wallis followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls or Mann–Whitney tests and one‐way anova followed by Tukey's or Independent t ‐test were used for non‐parametric and parametric data, respectively ( p < .05). Multivariate analysis and variable importance in projection score were applied to assess metabolite profile differences among groups ( p < .05). Results FRUT and FRUT+AP groups showed significantly increased fluid intake, body mass, abdominal circumference, blood glucose levels, liver weight and visceral fat weight ( p < .05), indicating the development of MS. The analyses of the metabolite profile suggest increasing glucose, histidine, lactate, fatty acid and phenylalanine in the FRUT+AP group. There were no significant differences in volume and area of periapical lesions in micro‐CT analyses ( p = .1048 and p = .7494, respectively). Histopathological analysis of the hemimandibles demonstrated areas of inflammatory response, necrosis and microabscess in the periapical region. Hepatic histopathological observations indicated notable differences in cell appearance, with the FRUT and FRUT+AP groups showing signs of microsteatosis. Kidney analysis revealed Bowman's space dilation in the FRUT and AP groups, while the FRUT+AP group exhibited retracted Bowman's space, suggesting a possible alteration in renal filtration capacity. Conclusions MS had no impact on the progression of AP in rats. However, AP exacerbated the systemic state affected by MS, with changes in liver and kidney tissues and metabolite levels.

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a public health problem, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality, due to the chronic complications, such as diabetic neuropathy. Current recommendations for the treatment of neuropathic pain achieve a reduction of 30% in only 30% of cases. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients. Methods This work evaluated the antinociceptive effect of intranasal administration of the combination of dextro-ketamine (keta), a non-competitive glutamatergic receptor antagonist, and dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist, in rats with neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin-DM. Results The thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia observed in DM model are reduced with the intranasal administration of the combination of keta and DEX (200 + 0.10 μg/kg) after 3 days of treatment. The antinociceptive action could be due to reduction of Ca²⁺ influx with lower glutamate release and reduced excitability through the activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors by DEX and reduction of NMDA receptor activation by glutamate with lower excitability due to the antagonism produced by keta. DM induced increased expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) detected by immunohistochemistry, indicating greater astrocyte activity and intense inflammatory response. Intranasal administration for 10 days of the combination of low doses of keta and DEX promoted an intense decrease in the expression of both GFAP and TNF-alpha, indicating lower activation of astrocytes in the spinal cord and reduced production and release of TNF-alpha, favoring the reduction of inflammation. Conclusion Intranasal administration of low doses of keta with DEX could be a new therapeutic approach to reduce neuropathic pain and consequently improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic was highly devastating, particularly for disadvantaged segments of societies, it helped unmask the apparent ongoing ‘pandemic’ of ‘externalities’ wrought by elite few—mostly wealthy—individuals (e.g., financiers) and groups (e.g., corporations, governments & transnational organizations) who have routinely orchestrated most people, other living and non-living things and symbolic capital towards serving their interests over most others and environments. Key instruments of such wealth and wellbeing concentration often are fields of science and technology/engineering and their educational counterparts. Transforming them in ways prioritizing social justice and environmental vitality is essential, therefore, in thwarting the ‘elitism pandemic.’ In this chapter, after Lyn Carter provides a forthright review of disorienting ‘polycrises’ associated with global geopolitical struggles, Isabel Martins describes how deeply ingrained social injustice mechanisms, paired with disinformation, were instrumental in pandemic mismanagement during Brazil’s former right-wing populist government and then Larry Bencze reports on ongoing work to prepare secondary school students for critical and activist civic engagements in contexts of ‘progressive’ neoliberalism. These diverse accounts may contribute to political turns that appear needed in school science, with supportive acts by people in government, diverse private sector and labour contexts and many more.

The post-pandemic world is characterized by a number of dilemmas, ruptures, and contradictions, which entangle (i) the rise of the extreme right, (ii) increasing social inequality, and (iii) scientific denialism. Consistently with a view that recognises education as both an ontological-political process and a form of pedagogical organization which aims at constructing an “ideal being,” our goal is to discuss a vision of scientific education that responds to challenges faced by societies in post-pandemic scenarios. To do so, we start from the cosmopolitical proposition, as conceived by authors such as Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Isabelle Stengers, and Bruno Latour, proposing that both Nature and Society are products of collective practices carried out in complex networks of humans and non-humans agents. We move on to discuss how the cosmopolitical proposition enables us to simultaneously reconcile propositions from different collectives without falling into a state of immobility in decision-making processes, as witnessed during the pandemic. In order to achieve a radical cosmopolitical and decolonial perspective, as discussed by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, we introduce elements from afro-diasporic cosmovisions, based on Luiz Rufino’s Pedagogy of Encruzilhadas, to contemplate the role of scientific education in cosmopolitical education.

In this paper, I present a thought experiment focused on the work of Brazilian indigenous artist Jaider Esbell and science visualization researchers and visual artists Evan Ingersoll and Gael McGill. I make this connection not because they are both beautiful sources of inspiration for science education, but because the images carry mysteriously entangled worlds, as is usually the case with paintings. Because these images resonate with each other, I suggest a reading of science education as science poethics. This study describes the molecular and cosmological entanglements painted by the artists as opening up the possibility of finding aesthetic alternatives to twenty-five centuries of European metaphysics based on a monovalent ontology and a bivalent logic. My proposal carries out a poetic turn in science education from the resonances between vital entanglements and through intersecting images that, upon contact, mutually transform each other, which can be important from a multiverse point of view. In our post-pandemic era, this way of thinking allows for an understanding of science education that is more intriguing than that derived from the radical division between representation and reality and between nature and culture.

This study aims to refine the taxonomy of land snails previously identified as Happia sp. from the oceanic Trindade Island (SE Brazil). Based on a recent sampling of live specimens, we sequenced the mitochondrial COI barcode marker from two specimens. The so-called Happia sp. is actually the exotic Zonitoides arboreus, which is native from the Nearctic but widespread worldwide due to human introductions. The single COI haplotype from Trindade Island is identical to one from a specimen sampled from a Botanical Garden in The Netherlands, and more research is needed in order to elucidate possible introduction routes of Z. arboreus. This species feeds on fungi and plant material, requiring the existence of trees/wood debris and mild climatic conditions, and it is sometimes recorded as an intermediate host of some species of Cestoda and Nematoda. With the present record, the number of known native terrestrial gastropods from Trindade Island is reduced to six, whereas the number of introduced species rises to three, in addition to two cryptogenic species.

Objective: to evaluate the use of the educational technology “Descomplicando a Amamentação” in the knowledge construction of family members of premature newborns about breastfeeding in preparation for discharge from the neonatal unit. Method: an incorporated mixed methods study with QUAN notation (qual), conducted in five stages: initial interview; pre-test; intervention (mobile application); post-test; final interview. The study was conducted between December 2022 and July 2023, at the Neonatal Unit of a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, with the participation of 15 family members. The textual data from stage 1 were processed in the R Interface pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, while colorimetric marking was used in stage 5, both interpreted according to Thematic Content Analysis. The characterization data and data from stages 2 and 4 were quantitatively analyzed with simple descriptive statistics. Results: preparation for discharge in the neonatal unit regarding breastfeeding before the intervention was mainly focused on the mothers during each feeding, with guidance from professionals on the baby’s positioning and latch. This approach was ad hoc, without standardization, did not involve all family members, and educational technologies were not used. After using the “Descomplicando a Amamentação” application, there was a 28.9% increase in the total number of correct answers, highlighting its importance in preparing for discharge, with this aspect being reinforced by the interviews. Conclusion: the application positively helped in the knowledge construction of family members of premature newborns. It is suggested that family members be involved in preparing for discharge throughout hospitalization, including the use of educational technologies. DESCRIPTORS: Family; Patient discharge; Infant premature; Breastfeeding; Educational technology