Federal University of Pará

Objective Analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness to compile the most used HIIT training types in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods This is a systematic review of searches performed in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Studies included I) needed to apply HIIT training II) adults with SCI to analyze III) cardiometabolic aspects and cardiorespiratory fitness. Two independent reviewers selected the articles for inclusion, extracted their data, and assessed their methodological quality. Results 654 studies were found. Thus, 12 studies, 11 pre- and post-intervention, and one control group (CG) with 106 participants were analyzed. Pre- and post-HIITT intervention results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic aspects (VO2peak, LDH, HDL, insulin resistance). In addition, GC results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness observed in the intervention group (HIIT) compared to the moderate-low intensity (GC) group. Seven studies used the arm ergometer as the primary exercise modality. Two studies described functional electrical stimulation (FES) performed with the arm ergometer plus electrical stimulation in the lower limbs. None reported heart rate dynamics during the study period. Conclusion High-intensity interval training improves physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in adults with SCI. Evidence level II; Systematic Review of level II studies. Keywords: Spinal Cord Injuries; High-Intensity Interval Training; Metabolism; Physical Fitness

Objective Analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness to compile the most used HIIT training types in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods This is a systematic review of searches performed in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Studies included I) needed to apply HIIT training II) adults with SCI to analyze III) cardiometabolic aspects and cardiorespiratory fitness. Two independent reviewers selected the articles for inclusion, extracted their data, and assessed their methodological quality. Results 654 studies were found. Thus, 12 studies, 11 pre- and post-intervention, and one control group (CG) with 106 participants were analyzed. Pre- and post-HIITT intervention results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic aspects (VO2peak, LDH, HDL, insulin resistance). In addition, GC results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness observed in the intervention group (HIIT) compared to the moderate-low intensity (GC) group. Seven studies used the arm ergometer as the primary exercise modality. Two studies described functional electrical stimulation (FES) performed with the arm ergometer plus electrical stimulation in the lower limbs. None reported heart rate dynamics during the study period. Conclusion High-intensity interval training improves physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in adults with SCI. Evidence level II; Systematic Review of level II studies. Keywords: Spinal Cord Injuries; High-Intensity Interval Training; Metabolism; Physical Fitness

The increasing aluminum production demands larger volumes of bauxite residue (BR) to be stored in the Amazon region. There are millions of tons of waste without reuse but with high potential for use in civil construction as artifacts or components for concrete. Due to the significant consumption of coarse aggregates for concrete, there is the possibility of producing synthetic aggregate (SA) from bauxite residue, containing high levels of residue (70%, 80% and 90%), maintaining satisfactory levels of resistance and durability. To evaluate this new product, two beams were made with conventional aggregate (gravel) and the others with SA. For the evaluation of the shear strength, friezes were made to fix the failure surface, aiming to reduce the influences of the arch action on the shear strength, inducing the failure in the brittle section. The friezes presented inclinations of 30° or 45°, according to the calculation models of the Brazilian code for concrete structures. All beams were subjected to bending test until failure. The results showed that the SA has potential for use in reinforced concrete structures, presenting a similar performance to the conventional aggregate. The results also showed the preponderance of tensile when the a/d ratio increases, evidencing the greater contribution of the coarse aggregate with the increase of the strut inclination.

Introduction Events such as the Paralympic Games leave a series of legacies in the host societies. This is also applicable to the development of associated scientific knowledge, particularly in the field of sports biomechanics. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the Brazilian scientific production in the field of biomechanics in Paralympic sports during the cycle that preceded and followed the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. Additionally, the study aims to provide insights for future research endeavors. Methods The search was conducted on the Lattes Platform, utilizing the filters “Assunto” and “Doutores” and the keywords “Paralímpico” and “Paralympic.” In total, 723 authors were identified who published articles related to the topic. Subsequently, the curricula were accessed, and the articles were sorted and identified, resulting in 37 articles that met all inclusion criteria. Results The results indicate that: a) Brazil witnessed an increase in the number of publications after London 2012; b) The majority of these productions (87%) originate from Public Institutions; c) There was a greater participation of other regions of Brazil in the production of knowledge in the area after Rio 2016; d) Individual modalities such as powerlifting and athletics were the most researched, despite Brazil's reference status in some collective modalities; e) Women remain a minority, both as participants in research and as authors of publications; f) The productions demonstrate high levels of quality; g) The most commonly used research techniques in biomechanics were kinematics and dynamometry. Conclusion The field of biomechanics in Paralympic sports has significantly benefited from the legacy generated by the Rio 2016 Paralympics. As future challenges for researchers, the following aspects stand out: maintaining the quality of productions, expanding studies to include collective modalities, increasing the participation of other federated entities in the production of knowledge in this field, promoting greater gender equity, and incorporating new research techniques in biomechanics. Level of Evidence II; Review Study. Keywords: Para-Athletes; Biomechanical Phenomena; Sports for Persons with Disabilities

This research paper focuses on the use of murumuru husk ash (MHA), an agro-industrial waste generated specifically in the Amazon region, as partial replacement of cement in structural concrete. It also evaluates the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the ash to act as filler in concrete and its properties in the fresh and hardened states in concrete. To this end, the MHA performed physical-mechanical characterization tests, such as specific mass, pozzolanic activity with Portland cement, pozzolanic activity with lime, and BET test, also performing the mineralogical and chemical analysis of the ash. The results showed that there is technical feasibility with partial replacement of 6% of MHA in cement using plasticizer additive to improve workability, thus showing an improvement in the physical-mechanical and durability properties of the concrete.

Resumo Objetivou-se, neste artigo, caracterizar as principais atividades socioprodutivas de camponeses-ribeirinhos em suas respectivas Unidades de Produção Familiar-UPF na várzea estuarina do Baixo Tocantins. Utilizou-se como instrumentais metodológicos a entrevista semiestruturada e a listagem livre, aplicadas para 16 camponeses-ribeirinhos, nos meses de agosto a dezembro de 2020. Foram construídas três tipologias de caracterização das UPF: Pouco Diversificada; Diversificada e Altamente Diversificada. Os resultados obtidos indicam um total geral de 41 atividades socioprodutivas. Dessas atividades, 49% geram produtos exclusivamente para o consumo familiar, 39% para o consumo e a comercialização e 12% exclusivamente para a comercialização. As frutíferas se destacam por sua importância na segurança alimentar das famílias, tendo em vista que 71% destas produzem frutos exclusivamente para o consumo. O açaí, por ser fonte de alimento e renda, foi considerado o fruto mais importante para os entrevistados. No que concerne à tipologia, 50% das UPF estão vinculadas à Diversificada, que buscam o equilíbrio entre a produção de açaí com outras atividades socioprodutivas; 31% à Pouco Diversificada, caracterizando-se pela ênfase com a produção de açaí e benefícios governamentais e 19% à Altamente Diversificada, priorizando a diversificação de atividades e produções durante o ano todo.

Purpose Compare infant suction in babies with and without ankyloglossia using a microprocessor-controlled pressure sensor coupled to a pacifier. Methods Fifty-five infants from 0 to 2 months of age underwent clinical examination for ankyloglossia, after which they were offered a silicone pacifier connected to the pressure acquisition device and suction activity was recorded. Thus, we extracted the frequency of sucks within a burst, the average suck duration, the burst duration, the number of sucks per burst, the maximum amplitude of sucks per burst and the inter-burst interval. Results The key difference in newborns with ankyloglossia in relation to control was that they perform longer bursts of suction activity. Conclusion The longer burst durations are likely a compensatory strategy and may underlie the pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding. We therefore propose a method for objectively quantifying some parameters of infant suction capacity and demonstrate its use in assisting the evaluation of ankyloglossia. Ankyloglossia; Sucking Behavior; Newborn; Breast Feeding; Lingual Frenum

In Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, a new species of coronavirus has emerged, defined as SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, COVID-19. Since the end of 2019, the virus has caused thousands of deaths worldwide. In their structure, they have proteins that are essential for their survival, including the Spike protein or spike protein, responsible for cell coupling through interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2. With the rapid spread of being a highly contagious virus, there were several mutations that increased the number of deaths. Amid the urgency of containment, vaccines were created with existing technologies from other viral infections. In addition to the intensification of research aimed at combating the pandemic, mainly in computational studies for the planning and repositioning of drugs capable of inhibiting the infection of COVID-19. Techniques such as structure- and ligand-based virtual screening, molecular docking, pharmacophoric modeling, quantitative structure–activity relationships, and artificial intelligence are used by research groups and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, a bibliographic review will be made on these aspects related to the Spike protein.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multifactorial processes related to different biological targets. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been used in AD treatment, but other therapeutic alternatives have prospected, such as Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitors. Considering the limitations of one-target drugs, the use of multi-target directed drugs rises as a promising strategy. Design new AChE-GSK-3β dual inhibitors as propitious multi-target drug candidates for AD treatment. Thirteen natural products were selected, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, pharmacophore modeling, ADME/Tox predictions and proposals development was performed. Given the results obtained and considering structural subunits of AChE and GSK-3β inhibitors, structural modifications were done to design new hybrids proposals. Hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions between compounds and important residues of AChE and GSK-3β were observed, besides, three pharmacophoric features were founded: one aromatic ring and two hydrogen bond acceptors. Compounds also demonstrated favorable ADME/Tox predictions. Subsequently, these results afforded the use of physostigmine and luteolin as prototypes for the design of nine hybrid proposals: five AChE inhibitors and four AChE-GSK-3β dual-inhibitors. Their bioactivity prediction showed that all proposals should exhibit anti-Alzheimer related activity; ADME/Tox predictions showed best results for Proposals 1, 2 and 5; and Proposals 6, 7, 8 and 9 presented higher affinity for both AChE and GSK-3β enzymes. Proposals 1 and 2 were considered potential AChE inhibitors, and Proposals 6 and 8 were elected as potential AChE-GSK-3β dual inhibitors for therapeutics in AD.

This study assessed the efficacy of artificial collectors in recruiting Mytella strigata along the Amazon Macrotidal Mangrove Coast. The experiment involved three treatments (PVC plate, PET, and polyethylene screen), each repeated thrice. The study was conducted over 315 days, during which settlement density, bivalve biometry within the collectors, and environmental variables, such as temperature (°C), salinity (g.kg-1), chlorophyll-a (mg.m-3), particulate organic matter (POM), particulate inorganic matter (PIM) (mg.L-1), water transparency (determined using a Secchi disc), and rainfall data (mm), were assessed at 45-day intervals. The recruitment of M. strigata was observed predominantly during the rainy season. Both mussel shell size and average settlement density significantly varied (p < 0.05) based on the type of collector, collection period, and their interaction. Polyethylene mesh collectors demonstrated a higher settlement density compared to PET and PVC substrates (p < 0.05), but mussel shell size was lower in this treatment compared to the shell size of juveniles in PVC and PET collectors. Among the collectors, PVC ones proved more effective for collecting M. strigata, considering the quantity of fixed juveniles and the size of the individuals. Regarding the region’s environmental conditions, recommendations are that producers place collectors in the water from January, with juvenile recruitment occurring February‒June.

This is the first report of Antiteuchus tripterus (Fabricius, 1787) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) damaging Araucaria angusti-folia (Bertol.) Kuntze, 1898 (Pinales: Araucariaceae) plants in Brazil. This bug, native to the neotropical region, damaged this plant on fragments of mixed rain forest in Bueno Brandão, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Araucaria angustifolia, native and with ecological and economic values, was widely used in the lumber market and, therefore, threatened with extinction. Nymphs and adults of A. tripterus were observed in March and April with a population reduction until June 2022. The bio-ecology and damage caused by A. tripterus on A. angustifolia are not known.

Background Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are the first line treatment for erectile dysfunction; however, several articles and case reports have shown central nervous system effects, that can cause seizures in susceptible patients. This study aims to describe the changes caused by the use of Sildenafil and Tadalafil through the analysis of abnormalities expressed in the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of rats and evaluate the seizure threshold response and treatment of seizures with anticonvulsants. Materials and methods The study used 108 rats (Wistar). Before surgery for electrode placement in dura mater, the animals were randomly separated into 3 experiments for electrocorticogram analysis. Experiment 1: ECoG response to using PD5i (Sildenafil 20mg/kg and Tadalafil 2.6mg/kg p.o.). Experiment 2: ECoG response to the use of PD5i in association with Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ—30 mg/kg i.p.), a convulsive model. Experiment 3: ECoG response to anticonvulsant treatment (Phenytoin, Phenobarbital and Diazepam) of seizures induced by association IPDE5 + PTZ. All recordings were made thirty minutes after administration of the medication and analyzed for ten minutes, only once. We considered statistical significance level of *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Results After administration of Sildenafil and Tadalafil, there were increases in the power of recordings in the frequency bands in oscillations in alpha (p = 0.0920) and beta (p = 0.602) when compared to the control group (p<0.001). After the use of Sildenafil and Tadalafil associated with PTZ, greater potency was observed in the recordings during seizures (p<0.001), however, the Sildenafil group showed greater potency when compared to Tadalafil (p<0.05). Phenobarbital and Diazepam showed a better response in controlling discharges triggered by the association between proconvulsant drugs. Conclusions PDE5i altered the ECoG recordings in the rats’ motor cortexes, demonstrating cerebral asynchrony and potentiating the action of PTZ. These findings demonstrate that PDE5i can lower the seizure threshold.

Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.), whose common name is “pracaxi,” is naturally found in the Amazon region. The present study is aimed at analyzing the anatomy, seed histochemistry, and chemical composition in fatty acid profile of P. macroloba seed oils. Seeds were collected in the cities of Belém, Marituba, and São Domingos do Capim-PA. For the study in light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and histochemistry, seeds were sectioned in cross and longitudinal sections of the embryonic axis and fixed in formaldehyde, acetic acid, and 50% ethyl alcohol; neutral-buffered formalin; and formaldehyde and ferrous sulfate and stored in 70% ethyl alcohol. For the anatomical study, the seeds were subjected to the usual techniques of plant anatomy. Histochemical tests were performed on plant material, freehand sectioned, and embedded in histological paraffin with DMSO. The fatty acid profile was determined for gas chromatography (GC-FID). Integument is divided into three strata, monoseriate exotesta, mesotesta formed by several layers of parenchyma cells, and monoseriate endotesta, formed by compressed cells. Cotyledons are composed of thin-walled parenchyma cells with several secretory cavities and secretory idioblasts. The main metabolic classes are lipids, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, and alkaloids. The main fatty acids found in P. macroloba oil are oleic, behenic, lignoceric, and linoleic. P. macroloba seeds have important anatomical characteristics for their circumscription in Leguminosae and also in Caesalpinioideae, and their oil is rich in fatty acids essential to the human diet, providing many benefits to the human health, such as fatty acids belonging to the omega family (linoleic, oleic).

This article deals with the asymptotic behavior of a mathematical model for laminated beams with Kelvin–Voigt dissipation acting on the equations of transverse displacement and dimensionless slip. We prove that the evolution semigroup is exponentially stable if the damping is effective in the two equations of the model. Otherwise, we prove that the semigroup is polynomially stable and find the optimal decay rate when damping is effective only in the slip equation. Our stability approach is based on the Gearhart–Prüss–Huang Theorem, which characterizes exponential stability, while the polynomial decay rate is obtained using the Borichev and Tomilov Theorem.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the burden of family caregivers of cancer patients in Palliative Care and the variables gender, age, health problems, and length of care. Method Descriptive correlational study with a non-probabilistic sample of 147 family caregivers at the Oncological Palliative Care Clinic in 2021 in Belém do Pará - Brazil. The Zarit Overload Scale was used to collect data, with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results 86 (58.5%) of the caregivers were female, 66 (44.9%) caregivers felt “Very overloaded”, and 104 (70.7%) had Moderate to Severe overload. There was no consistency in concluding that the variables gender, age group, health problems, or length of care had a statistically significant relationship (p>0.05). Conclusion It is hoped that the results will contribute to increasing knowledge of the subject, supporting care practice, and formulating public policies to meet the needs of caregivers of family members who are ill with cancer. KEYWORDS: Overload; Caregivers; Palliative Care; Oncology Nursing; Neoplasms.