Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul

A series of 2‐nitroimidazole‐1,2,3‐triazole sulfonamide hybrid analogs were designed using medicinal chemistry approaches, such as bioisosterism, molecular hybridization, Topliss tree decision, and Craig plot. A total of 24 compounds were synthesized via click chemistry in satisfactory yields. Overall, analogs 15 a‐x exhibited relevant in vitro anti‐trypanosomatid activity against amastigote forms of T. cruzi and without cytotoxic effect on LLC–MK2 cells. Analogs 15 b (R1=4‐Cl−Ph; IC50=1.63 μM, SI=>30.65), 15 m (R1=3,4‐di‐Cl−Ph; IC50=0.63 μM, SI=>78.96), and 15 s (R1=Ph‐4‐O−Ph; IC50=0.63 μM, SI=>79.90) demonstrated pronounced antitrypanosomal activity, more active than the reference drug, benznidazole and with good selectivity indexes. Furthermore, analog 15 b (R1=4‐Cl−Ph; IC50=0.5 μM, SI=>100) exhibited an outstanding antileishmanial activity against amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and impressive selectivity index, comparable to the reference compound amphotericin B. The mutagenicity of compounds 15 b and 15 m were evaluated against Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100 and TA102). Compound 15 b exhibited mutageniticy only at a concentration of 500 μg/plate for the TA100 strain, whereas compound 15 m was considered non‐mutagenic. These findings suggest that 2‐nitroimidazoles‐1,2,3‐triazole sulfonamide hybrid analogs are promising anti‐trypanosomatid candidates for future in vivo studies.

The fungi present in the breeding waters of mosquitoes have been scarcely investigated. This work explored the diversity of cultivable fungi present in the breeding sites of the South American malaria vector mosquito Anopheles darlingi. Water samples were collected from four sites located in the municipalities of Coari and São Gabriel da Cachoeira and four different culture media were used for the isolation of fungi. Two-hundred-and-six fungal strains were isolated and morphologically similar fungi were grouped into 30 morphotypes. Their taxonomic identities were assigned by macro and microscopic observations and sequencing of rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). Representatives of 26 morphotypes were identified at the genus level, one only at the family level, and three were not identified. The identified morphotypes belong to the phyla, Ascomycota (80.6%), Basidiomycota (11.7%), and Mucoromycota (2.4%), distributed in five classes, ten orders, 25 families, and 26 genera. This study fills a considerable knowledge gap about the fungi present in the breeding sites of An. darlingi mosquitoes.

The interplay between magnetic frustration and pairing is investigated by adopting a BCS-like pairing mechanism on the frustrated J1−J2 Ising model on the square lattice. The ground-state and thermal phase transitions of the model are analyzed using a fermionic formulation within a CMF method. In this approach, the lattice system is divided into identical clusters, where the intracluster dynamic is exactly solved, and the intercluster interactions are replaced by self-consistent mean fields. We introduce a framework with two pairing couplings: an intracluster local coupling, g, which controls the electron pairing and its mobility within the clusters, and an intercluster coupling, g′, which adjusts the pairing mechanism between clusters. Tuning g′/g allows evaluating how the pairing phase evolves from a weak pairing coupling between clusters (clustered system) to a strong one ( g′→g, homogeneous system). In the range 0⩽g′/g⩽1, we find that a gradual increase in g′/g favors the pairing phase and induces a change in criticality. In particular, our results reveal the presence of tricriticality for a certain range of g′/g. In addition, an increase in competing magnetic interactions weakens the magnetic orders, causing the pairing phase to occur at lower strengths of pairing interactions, especially when g′=g. Therefore, our findings support that magnetic frustration favors the pairing phase, contributing to the onset of a superconducting state.

Introduction The knowledge of the mode of action of an antimicrobial is essential for drug development and helps to fight against bacterial resistance. Thus, it is crucial to use analytical techniques to study the mechanism of action of substances that have potential to act as antibacterial agents Objective To use NMR-based metabolomics combined with chemometrics and molecular docking to identify the metabolic responses of Staphylococcus aureus following exposure to commercial antibiotics and some synthesized ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones. Methods Intracellular metabolites of S. aureus were extracted after treatment with four commercial antibiotics and three synthesized ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones. NMR spectra were obtained and 1H NMR data was analyzed using both unsupervised and supervised algorithms (PCA and PLS-DA, respectively). Docking simulations on DNA topoisomerase IV protein were also performed for the ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones. Results Through chemometric analysis, we distinguished between the control group and antibiotics with extracellular (ampicillin) and intracellular targets (kanamycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin). We identified 21 metabolites, including important metabolites that differentiate the groups, such as betaine, acetamide, glutamate, lysine, alanine, isoleucine/leucine, acetate, threonine, proline, and ethanol. Regarding the xanthone-type derivatives (S6, S7 and S8), we observed a greater similarity between S7 and ciprofloxacin, which targets bacterial DNA replication. The molecular docking analysis showed high affinity of the ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones with the topoisomerase IV enzyme, as well as ciprofloxacin. Conclusion NMR-based metabolomics has shown to be an effective technique to assess the metabolic profile of S. aureus after treatment with certain antimicrobial compounds, helping the investigation of their mechanism of action.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a trajetória e o impacto do Grupo História Oral e Educação Matemática (Ghoem), visando compreender como ele tem nucleado a formação de pesquisadores e formadores de professores a partir da participação de seus pesquisadores na criação de outros grupos e polos de pesquisa científica no País. Fundado em 2002, o Ghoem está vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática da Unesp de Rio Claro, o mais antigo do Brasil. Ao longo dos anos, Ghoem tem desempenhado um papel fundamental na criação de redes de pesquisa e na disseminação do conhecimento em História da Educação Matemática, notadamente. Os autores propõem uma narrativa sobre a formação e o desenvolvimento do Ghoem, explorando fases distintas, identificadas a partir de relatos, produções acadêmicas e dados dos pesquisadores. Além disso, apontam as contribuições do Grupo para a criação de outros polos e grupos de pesquisa, utilizando dados de plataformas acadêmicas e esquemas gráficos para visualizar essas conexões. Com isso, promove discussões sobre os diferentes movimentos e impactos do Ghoem, ao longo de suas mais de duas décadas de existência, ressaltando suas contribuições para o campo da Educação Matemática no Brasil.

Vernonia rubricaulis is a plant responsible for poisoning cattle living in areas subject to flooding in the Pantanal biome of Brazil. Because V. rubricaulis causes acute hepatic necrosis and clinical signs and lesions similar to other hepatotoxic plants, its action pathways are probably similar. However, the potentially toxic components of V. rubricaulis remain unknown. Our study aims to determine the chemical profiles of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of V. rubricaulis in the budding stage, which is known to be toxic, and in the mature stage. Experimental trials using mice and sheep investigated the presence of toxic substances in the extracts. Three groups of mice received different doses of V. rubricaulis extract. Another four groups were carried out with sheep that received: (1) aqueous extract of immature leaves, (2) aqueous extract of mature leaves, (3) ethanolic extract of mature leaves, and (4) ethanolic extract of immature leaves. Intoxication was reproduced in sheep only with the aqueous extract of V. rubricaulis buds; ethanol was not a suitable solvent for extracting toxic compounds. This finding suggests that toxic components are not present in considerable amounts in the mature plant. Swiss mice proved not to be suitable experimental models for reproducing intoxication because none of the extracts was toxic to the animals, including the one that was toxic in sheep. The chemical profile of the extracts revealed the presence of sugars, flavonoids, sphingolipids, and chlorogenic acids. Chemical profiles determined by HPLC-DAD-MS of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the buds and mature leaves of V. rubricaulis did not reveal compounds with known toxic potential. We demonstrated that the aqueous extraction method of V. rubricaulis was efficient at extracting toxic components from the plant’s leaves in the budding stage.

Background The recognition of facial expressions of emotions is an essential skill for social functioning, as it enables recognizing the possible intentions of others. Main body. Cultural context is an important aspect to consider in this skill, as it tends to modulate the recognition of facial expressions. Objective To develop and validate a set of facial expressions of basic emotions of Brazilian individuals considering the population distribution of the country according to age group, sex, and race. Methods A procedure with three phases was created to generate basic emotions and photograph facial expressions. A total of 459 Brazilians were then asked to identify the emotions of these facial expressions. Content validity was investigated based on the analysis of specialists and the recognition of emotions by Brazilian individuals. Results The final database consists of 56 high-quality color images. A good level of agreement was found for the expressions perceived by the assessors (81.6%). Conclusion The percentage of correct recognition of each emotion and the characteristics of the models are presented so that future studies can choose the most adequate images to meet their specific needs.

Purpose This study investigated the hypothesis of early dehiscence of hysterorrhaphy as the initial stage of post-cesarean uterine scar defects, examining the possible influence of barbed suture in this process. Methods This longitudinal, prospective, double-blind study included 54 pregnant women with no history of cesarean section, randomized into two suture groups: #0 polyglactin or #1 barbed PDS threads. Sutures were continuous, unlocked, involved the entire myometrium in a single layer, and included the endometrium. Tridimensional transvaginal ultrasonography was performed on the second day postpartum to investigate scar dehiscence and measure its maximal width. Results The groups had 29 and 25 participants, respectively. Ages: 18–37 (mean 25.80 ± standard error of the mean 0.69) years old. Groups were homogeneous for labor duration, cervical thickness, edge-to-os distance, retroversion, amniotic sac rupture, and additional hemostatic sutures required. Uterine retroversion accounted for 7.4% of cases. Dehiscence was observed in 68.5% (3.98 ± 0.57 mm). The only factor correlating (positively) with dehiscence width was myometrial thickness, whether proximal or distal. Conclusions Suture type had no influence on early dehiscence, which occurred at the same rate as published niche formation rates. Tridimensional ultrasound proved effective for evaluating dehiscence. Key words Cesarean Section; Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological; Suture Techniques

The conservation of seed quality throughout storage depends on established conditions, monitoring, sampling and laboratory analysis, which are subject to errors and require technical and financial resources. Thus, machine learning techniques can help optimize processes and obtain more accurate results for decision-making regarding the processing and conservation of stored seeds. Therefore, the aim was to assess and predict the physical properties (moisture content, seed mass, length, thickness, width, volume, apparent specific mass, projected area, sphericity, mean diameter, circular area, circularity, drag coefficient), and physicochemical quality (crude protein, ash content, and acidity index) of Jatobá-do-Cerrado seeds under different processing conditions with pulp, without pulp (scarification), without pulp (fermented), and storage conditions at 10 and 23 °C over six months. Data were analyzed on Weka software (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) version 3.9.5. testing the following models: Pearson correlation, Artificial Neural Networks, decision tree algorithms RepTree and M5P, Random Forest, and Linear Regression. Processing cerrado jatobá seeds by fermentation and storage at 10 °C minimized physical changes and preserved the physicochemical quality of the seeds in polyethylene plastic, glass container, tetrapack, and polyethylene container, over six months. The combination of processing, temperature, and packaging variables for Artificial Neural Networks, RepTree, Random Forest, and M5P algorithms outperformed linear regression, providing higher accuracy rates. Artificial Neural Network and Random Forest models were the best predicting the effects of treatments on changes in physical properties and physicochemical quality of jatobá seed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-81260-x.

This study analyzed the factors associated with the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of 12-year-old adolescents and their relationship with unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior. Data were collected from 615 adolescents from the five largest cities in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The theoretical framework of the social determinants of oral health guided all analyses and the measurement instrument was OIDP (impact of oral health on daily performance). Multilevel logistic and negative binomial regressions were performed to test the association of OHRQOL with unhealthy eating, sedentary behavior, sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviours. Considering the sample weights, 43% of the adolescents reported some impact on OHRQOL. In the adjusted models, higher consumption of unhealthy foods (moderate and high) was associated with a prevalence of impact on OHRQOL [OR = 3.59 (95%CI 1.99; 6.46)] and higher OHRQOL severity [RR = 2.05 (95%CI 1.43; 2.94)] compared to their counterparts. Sedentary behaviour was associated with the prevalence of impact on OHRQOL [OR = 1.52 (95%CI 1.22; 1.89)] and greater severity [RR = 1.21 (95%CI 1.07; 1.37)] compared to their counterparts. Unhealthy food consumption and sedentary behavior were associated with OHRQOL. Intersectoral health public policies for healthy eating and for reducing sedentary behavior on the internet and electronic games can help in the quality of life of adolescents.

The Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) is the largest educational institution in the Midwest of Brazil, with its quality in teaching, research, extension, management, and infrastructure recognized at national and international levels. In 2023, the university received the highest rating in the institutional assessment conducted by the Ministry of Education (MEC), the government body responsible for promoting quality education in the country, and for the first time, ranked in the top 100 global in the UI GreenMetric World University Ranking. UFMS was considered the 74th most sustainable university out of 1,183 institutions evaluated, and the 5th in the country. The university implements various good practices aligned with each of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda. The aim of this work is to present some of these practices, with an emphasis on incorporating the SDGs into the university's teaching, research, and extension projects. In a quantitative and descriptive analysis, from 2018 to 2023, there have been over 20,000 projects registered at UFMS with more than 45,000 SDGs indicated. It is hoped that this study can inspire other institutions regarding the importance of meeting the SDGs.

The composting process is an alternative for recycling organic waste, facilitated by microorganisms that produce compost or organic fertilizer in the presence of oxygen. The resulting compost can be used as fertilizer, significantly improving soil structure. The “Composta UFMS” project aims to environmentally manage organic solid waste generated on the UFMS University City campus in Campo Grande. Currently, dry leaves, pruning and weeding residues, wood shaving from vivarium, and organic waste from the University Restaurant are being directed for composting. In addition to valuing organic waste generated on the UFMS campus and used in the production of organic compost for the extension activities of the UnAPI Agroecological Garden project, the Biovalorization of Organic Waste project also includes scientific initiation subprojects, such as the study of growth potential of fungi of the genus Pleurotus on substrates derived from different organic residues and their mixtures for mushroom production. In addition to Environmental Education actions in schools with the Composting and Urban Agriculture in Schools project using the composting method directly on the soil, eliminating the need for turning. These actions resulted in the year 2023, the diversion of 4 tons of wood shavings from the vivarium and 4.8 tons of organic waste from the University Restaurant for composting, the care of around 60 elderly people in the UnAPI Agroecological Garden project and 5 schools in the Compostagem and Urban Agriculture in Schools. The results of this study will serve as a basis for the management of organic waste on the UFMS Campo Grande campus, as well as for future research on composting, as well as new Environmental Education and Scientific Dissemination actions.

Here we provide an ichthyofaunistic inventory of the Cerqueira César municipality, in the middle Paranapanema River drainage, upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Collections were carried out in 10 streams and in the Novo River, an important watercourse in the Paranapanema River basin. We caught a total of 808 individuals comprising 49 fish species. Among our main findings—in addition to the high species richness in the sampled region—was the capture of a probably undescribed species of Cambeva and the non-native poeciliid Poecilia reticulata. Some individuals were not identified accurately at the species level, requiring future evaluations. Our study fills an important gap on the ichthyofauna of the municipality of Cerqueira César and may, in the future, assist in new studies on impacts on waterbodies in the studied region.

Objective to evaluate the collective and resocialization activities developed in a CAPS I, from the perspective of users, family members and service professionals. Method evaluative research, anchored in the theoretical-methodological framework of the Fourth Generation Evaluation, conducted with 11 users, six family members and 10 professionals from a Psychosocial Care Center I. It took place from September 2021 to August 2022, using prior ethnography, interviews and negotiation, with data analysis using the Constant Comparative Method. Results participants pointed out that therapeutic workshops, support groups and collective meetings are held, which take place mainly in the physical space of the service, with adequate operationalization and frequency, facilitated by the professionals’ attitude and the provision of transportation and food. It was assessed that these actions had an impact on the psychosocial care offered, resulting in treatment adherence, improved interpersonal relationships within the service and community, emergence of positive feelings, social inclusion and support for coping with difficulties. The challenges are the support group schedule and the participation of children and adolescents. Final considerations collective and resocialization activities were evaluated as essential for the psychosocial care offered at CAPS, providing significant benefits to users, promoting interaction, social inclusion, interpersonal relationships and coping with adversities. Descriptors: Health services evaluation; Mental health services; Nursing; Psychiatric rehabilitation; Self-Help groups.

Objective To analyze the relationship between work ability and psychosocial factors of professionals from the healthcare area. Method Cross-sectional study with 197 healthcare professionals from a teaching hospital. The Work Ability Index and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III were applied. For data analysis, association tests and logistic regression models were used. Results Most participants were female (60.9%) with an average age of 40.12±7.14 years. The participants' good/optimal ability to work was 75.1%. The independent factors associated with work ability were recognition, self-rated health, somatic stress, leisure, commitment to time and interaction between work commitment and physical activity. Conclusion There was a reduction in the good/optimal work capacity of professionals who worked on the front line of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, with frequent exposure to psychosocial risks at work and of those who did not practice physical and leisure activities. Descriptors: Assessment of work capacity; Psychosocial risks; Occupational health; COVID-19; Healthcare professional

River-aquifer interactions play a crucial role in water availability, influencing environmental flows and impacting climate dynamics. Where groundwater tables lie below river water levels, stream water can infiltrate into the underlying aquifer, reducing streamflow. However, the prevalence of these “losing” rivers remains poorly understood due to limited national-wide in situ observations. Here we analyze water levels in 17,972 wells across Brazil to show that most of them (55%) lie below nearby stream surfaces, implying that these nearby streams are likely seeping into the subsurface. Our results demonstrate the widespread potential for stream water losses into underlying aquifers in many regions of the country, especially in areas with extensive groundwater pumping. Our direct observations underscore the importance of conjunctively managing groundwater and surface water, and highlight the widespread risk of streamflow losses to aquifers, which could impact global water access and ecosystems that rely on rivers.

Analyzing the temporal dynamics of ecological communities can shed light on coexistence mechanisms and help understand how populations and communities will behave in the face of climate change. However, little is known about how frog communities respond to climate in urban ecosystems, especially in tropical countries. Here, we analyzed how frog species richness and abundance are influenced by weather variables both intra‐ and inter‐annually. We surveyed a peri‐urban area in central Brazil, monthly for 3 years. To test the effect of weather variables on species richness and abundance, we used Generalized Additive Mixed‐effects Models. We assessed seasonality using circular statistics. We also tested for differences in temporal beta diversity within and among years by estimating species disappearance and temporal rank shift, in addition to a multivariate model‐based method to test the effect of year on species composition. Finally, we tested how taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity changed through time using a novel approach based on Hill numbers. We found that species richness varied little among years and was affected only by photoperiod, while species abundance was more variable both between and within years, being mostly affected by humidity, temperature, and photoperiod. Species composition varied little between years, mostly between the first and subsequent years. Conversely, beta diversity was highest within years. Only the effective number of species changed significantly through time. Our results help not only understand temporal mechanisms that allow species coexistence, but also allow to make inferences about the impact of urbanization on biodiversity in recently urbanized landscapes, showing that species composition in peri‐urban sites remains unaltered in a mid‐timescale, especially when climate conditions change little across years.

Patchy global data on belowground litter decomposition dynamics limit our capacity to discern the drivers of carbon preservation and storage across inland and coastal wetlands. We performed a global, multiyear study in over 180 wetlands across 28 countries and 8 macroclimates using standardized litter as measures of “recalcitrant” (rooibos tea) and “labile” (green tea) organic matter (OM) decomposition. Freshwater wetlands and tidal marshes had the highest tea mass remaining, indicating a greater potential for carbon preservation in these ecosystems. Recalcitrant OM decomposition increased with elevated temperatures throughout the decay period, e.g., increase from 10 to 20 °C corresponded to a 1.46-fold increase in the recalcitrant OM decay rate constant. The effect of elevated temperature on labile OM breakdown was ecosystem-dependent, with tidally influenced wetlands showing limited effects of temperature compared with freshwater wetlands. Based on climatic projections, by 2050 wetland decay constants will increase by 1.8% for labile and 3.1% for recalcitrant OM. Our study highlights the potential for reduction in belowground OM in coastal and inland wetlands under increased warming, but the extent and direction of this effect at a large scale is dependent on ecosystem and OM characteristics. Understanding local versus global drivers is necessary to resolve ecosystem influences on carbon preservation in wetlands.