Federal University of Espírito Santo

This study presents a solution to solid waste problems, focusing on spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and iron ore tailings (IOT) from the Mariana environmental accident in Brazil. The approach involves the production CoFe 2 O 4 from LiBs and IOT, which serves as a catalyst for solar photo-Fenton reactions for methylene blue (MB) decolorization and as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) detection. Chemical analysis showed recycling potential, with 45.22 ± 0.22% m m −1 Co from LiBs and 14.9 ± 1.5% m m −1 Fe from IOT, determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The sol-gel synthesized CoFe 2 O 4 exhibited a crystallite size of 51.9 ± 1.3 nm and agglomerated crystal clusters. Recycled-CoFe 2 O 4 exhibited a 98.1% MB decolorization efficiency in 60 min under solar irradiation and remained above 92.3% in all 7 reuse cycles. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9987, a sensitivity of 3.352 ± 0.0428 μA mol L −1 , and a limit of detection of 0.5511 µM in the concentration range of 1.96 to 23.08 mmol L −1 for AA detection. This study demonstrates the potential of recycled-CoFe 2 O 4 in an environmentally friendly dye removal and as an electrochemical sensor, offering sustainable waste management and resource utilization with solar energy.

The structure of the root system of the conilon coffee tree has improved over the years through propagation, genetic, and agronomic studies in response to demands for improvements in plant development, production, and survival of the species. Scientific research plays an important role in generating technologies and the security of applications. However, there is a need to refine the content generated to analyze discoveries and trends on the subject. Therefore, the present study conduct a bibliometric review and analysis on the main contributions of relevant studies, researchers, organizations, and countries in academic research on the rooting of Coffea canephora in the Web of Science (WOS) database. Data from the WOS database published between 1982 and 2021 and systematized in the VOSviewer software showed a set of 92 articles, the majority of which originated in Brazil and France, with the main groups being the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the Federal University of Viçosa, and CIRAD. The study was divided into five areas: genetic diversity, asexual propagation, nematology, tolerance to water stress, and micropropagation. However, in the context of climate changes and its impact on the production and longevity of Brazilian coffee farming, research focused on the root system has increased significantly, integrating it into lines that explore and integrate topics such as climate risk, water management, drought tolerance, and drip irrigation, including reflections on the performance of coffee agronomy.

World demand for wood products and the shortage of good quality lumber species are exerting pressure on native forests. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Eremanthus erythropappus crude oil in improving the resistance of Pinus taeda wood to Rhodonia (≈Postia) placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Neolentinus lepideus (brown rot) and Pycnoporus sanguineus (white rot) in accelerated laboratory decay tests. Test samples measured 1.90 × 1.90 × 1.90 cm. Oil was applied to wood surfaces using a brush to obtain nominal retentions of 15, 30, 45, and 60 kg of oil per m³ of wood. After treatment, the samples reached average retentions of 16.25, 28.75, 41.50, and 53.75 kg m⁻³, respectively, and were submitted to a soil block decay test (accelerated decay test) for 12 weeks. Increased oil retention caused a decline in the mass loss of Pinus taeda wood exposed to the fungi tested. A retention of 16.25 kg m⁻³ inhibited Rhodonia placenta degradation and prevented other xylophagous fungi attacks. The most severe decay occurred with Rhodonia placenta and the least with Pycnoporus sanguineus. Oil improved Pinus taeda resistance to the decay fungi, indicating that it is useful for treating wood in contact with domestic animals and humans, since it is not toxic to them. Keywords: Biological assays; Natural products; Wood protection

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term alendronate administration on bone repair and mineralization around osseointegrated implants in rats. A total of 160 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group (CTL) and the alendronate group (ALD). The ALD group received a subcutaneous injection of sodium alendronate (1 mg/kg/week), while the CTL group received weekly injections of saline solution. After 120 days of treatment, a bilateral implant was placed in the tibia of each rat. Ten rats from each group were euthanized at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, or 60 days post-surgery. Picro-sirius red staining was utilized to assess the distribution and arrangement of collagen fibers near the implant threads. Bone mineralization mapping of the native bone adjacent to the implant was performed using images obtained through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) across all follow-up periods. SEM-based mineralization mapping revealed an increase in both the degree and homogeneity of bone mineralization in the ALD group compared to the CTL group. Alendronate administration affected collagen arrangement and distribution, leading to a connective tissue with reduced organization and thinner collagen fiber bundles. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that alendronate administration resulted in a higher degree and homogeneity of bone mineralization, accompanied by reduced collagen content and organization, suggesting an impairment in bone remodeling around dental implants.

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a standardized exam carried out every three years by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development to measure the educational level of 15-year-old students in reading, mathematics, and science. This study aims to analyze what and how often teachers use methods to assess their students’ learning other than PISA. This mixed research uses the responses of teachers from five Latin American countries (Brazil, Chile, Panama, Peru, and the Dominican Republic) who responded to the 2018 PISA contextual questionnaire. Results organized the discussions based on three categories of analysis that align with assessment methods for learning, focusing on the dimensions of a) hetero-assessment, b) self-assessment, and c) feedback. Predominantly, hetero-assessment was the central approach, reflecting a traditional emphasis on the active role of the evaluating teacher. The absence of co-assessment and shared assessment highlights a gap in assessment practices, indicating the need to promote more collaborative and peer-to-peer assessments. This study concluded that these results must be interpreted considering contextual differences and local policies, showing the complexity of evaluation practices and indicating the importance of adopting comprehensive and collaborative methods to improve more inclusive educational environments that concern themselves with the learning processes of students in basic education. Keywords: System Evaluation; PISA; Educational Policies; Learning; Latin America

Resumo O artigo trata do processo de subsunção formal e real do Estado ao capital, tendo como um dos eixos fundamentais o evolver da guerra. Busca-se articular o objeto em suas dimensões lógica e histórica a partir da exposição de O Capital, o que, espera-se, servirá de base para a análise de fenômenos que vão do fetichismo jurídico aos nexos entre o Welfare e o Warfare State, passando pelos padrões de intervenção do Estado na economia, bem como para sustentar a atualidade da crítica marxiana ao Estado e ao direito.

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a standardized exam carried out every three years by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development to measure the educational level of 15-year-old students in reading, mathematics, and science. This study aims to analyze what and how often teachers use methods to assess their students’ learning other than PISA. This mixed research uses the responses of teachers from five Latin American countries (Brazil, Chile, Panama, Peru, and the Dominican Republic) who responded to the 2018 PISA contextual questionnaire. Results organized the discussions based on three categories of analysis that align with assessment methods for learning, focusing on the dimensions of a) hetero-assessment, b) self-assessment, and c) feedback. Predominantly, hetero-assessment was the central approach, reflecting a traditional emphasis on the active role of the evaluating teacher. The absence of co-assessment and shared assessment highlights a gap in assessment practices, indicating the need to promote more collaborative and peer-to-peer assessments. This study concluded that these results must be interpreted considering contextual differences and local policies, showing the complexity of evaluation practices and indicating the importance of adopting comprehensive and collaborative methods to improve more inclusive educational environments that concern themselves with the learning processes of students in basic education. Keywords: System Evaluation; PISA; Educational Policies; Learning; Latin America

Twenty-first century trends indicate that the central characteristic of contemporary education is the shift from an individual focus to a social, political, and ideological focus. Active teaching–learning methodologies, particularly with a problematizing approach, have been used in training and health professionals, as a strategy aimed at integrating knowledge and promoting a critical and reflective attitude towards practice. In view of this, the present study sought to build, standardize, and apply the problem-based learning (PBL) methodology in teaching the Medical Genetics discipline for the Medicine course at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), seeking to contribute to the consolidation of the study of genetic determinants of diseases and their applications in medical education and practice, in order to provide possible examples of medical conduct, given the different realities experienced by doctors. Through the application of PBL, students received a case study in the area of Genetic Counseling/Oncogenetics to apply their knowledge together with the use of different tools and software, in order to exemplify a model of medical conduct for that particular condition. The results indicate that the proposed class model was efficiently constructed, standardized, and applied to the third semester class of the UFES Medicine course, in which the students positively evaluated the application and use of the methodology in the proposed activity, highlighting its positive effects for medical training. The use of this class model based on the PBL methodology favors the development of the necessary skills, abilities, and attitudes recommended in the guiding documents for medical graduates, within the scope of Medical Genetics, in order to encourage the practice of personalized care in the formative years.

Background The presence of a human tail is a rare condition resulting from an embryonic remnant that fits the definition of a caudal appendage. It may be a vestigial (true) or a pseudotail. Both may be considered markers of underlying intraspinal abnormalities. Case Description The present case documents a 5-year-old girl with a caudal appendage in the lumbar region, with a previously normal neurological examination. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the presence of occult spinal dysraphism associated with a cutaneous appendage with lipomatous content. We performed microsurgical treatment to excise the lesion and explore the occult spinal dysraphism. A histopathological examination revealed mature adipose tissue with blood vessels and nerve fibers and no bone or cartilage tissue. Conclusion The presence of a tail-like appendage in the lumbosacral region must alert to the possibility of underlying occult spinal dysraphism. Preoperative assessment must include a complete neurological examination and a detailed MRI evaluation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a highly complex therapeutic environment for treating high-risk newborns. However, exposure to excessive light, constant manipulation, temperature changes, lack of adequate sleep and invasive procedures can alter vital signs, cause pain and stress, raising concerns about the baby’s neuropsychomotor development. The aim of this study was to analyze the response parameters of newborns admitted to a NICU, checking pain and vital signs during and after physiotherapy intervention. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study with a convenience sample. The participants were assessed before, during and after the physiotherapy intervention, in a single session, observing the variables pain, using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), and vital signs, using a specific form for collection. RESULTS: Twelve newborns took part in this study, five boys and seven girls, with a mean gestational age of 32.4±3.26 weeks, a mean birth weight of 1677±678.45g and a mean chronological age of 11.5±6.41 days. There was a significant decrease (Z=2.359 and p=0.018) in heart rate after the intervention, and a significant increase (Z=-2.071 and p=0.038) in peripheral oxygen saturation during the intervention. However, the oscillatory parameters remained within the normative values. As for pain, there was no significant difference between the moments before and during (p= 0.41), during and after (p=0.08), and before and after (p=0.18) physiotherapeutic care. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the physiotherapeutic intervention in the NICU did not cause pain to the newborn. Keywords: Neonatal Intensive Care Units; Newborn; Pain; Physiotherapy; Vital signs

In recent years, Brazil’s federal judicial system has embraced digitalization, making a large amount of legal process information available to citizens and legal experts. Despite the advances, a significant portion of the data produced and stored in legal systems presents itself in the form of natural language text, including numerous petitions and legal decisions. This creates barriers for automated querying and analysis of legal process data, especially considering the importance of the content of legal decisions in these tasks. In this paper, we report on an automated semantic annotation pipeline for judicial decision texts obtained from the official National Uniformization Panel (TNU) jurisprudence website. NLP models are trained in a few-shot learning context with a training set annotated by legal experts. The semantic annotation approach is evaluated using precision and recall. The results of the semantic annotation are produced into RDF-based nanopublications aligned with a reference domain ontology. The annotations are accompanied with provenance information including identification of the machine learning model used.

In this paper, we report an experimental demonstration of using an integrated silicon photonic neural network to overcome the chromatic distortion of direct-detection optical systems based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). The precompensation is conducted in the optical domain of a 125km link of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), i.e., the proposed approach enables OFDM pre-equalization directly in the optical domain instead of electronic distortion compensation that characterizes common OFDM-based systems. Thanks to the intrinsic features of the OFDM multiplexing format, and to the elimination of cyclic prefix provided by our proposal, improvements in spectral and power efficiencies can be achieved. The performance enhancements registered in the conducted experiments show that photonic integrated circuits can be embedded in future OFDM-based commercial transceivers, paving the way for new and promising architectures of intensity modulation and direct-detection optical communication systems.

Tropical peat swamp forests provide many important ecosystem services, especially their function as global carbon sinks. These carbon‐rich wetlands are widespread in South America, yet few studies have examined carbon stocks or losses due to land use change. In the lower Amazon, they are being converted to pastures largely utilized by domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). We quantified carbon stocks in intact peat forests and recently converted pastures (<10 years) at the Lago Piratuba Biosphere Reserve (LPBR) in the lower Amazon of Brazil. The soils of intact forests were typified by shallow organic (peat) horizons at the soil surface. The mean total ecosystem carbon stock (TECS) in intact forests was 354 ± 28 Mg C ha⁻¹. In contrast, the TECS of disturbed sites was significantly lower (p = 0.02) with a mean of 248 ± 17 Mg C ha⁻¹. We estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from water buffalo (due to enteric fermentation and manure deposition) to be 7.5 Mg CO2e ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Considering GHG emissions from this land use, the social carbon costs (SCCs) arising from the degradation of coastal Amazon peatlands are as high as US$2742 ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The SCC of meat produced from this land use is as high as US$100/kg of meat produced, which far exceeds the economic returns from livestock. Based on the estimated numbers of water buffalo for the southern portion of the LPBR and the time since initial disturbance, the annual GHG emissions from this land use are estimated to be 602,846 Mg CO2e year⁻¹ with an SCC as high as US$111,526,524 million year⁻¹. This land use also eliminates opportunity values and services of carbon storage and biodiversity that would be possible from a regenerating biosphere reserve.

Resumo A plastinação é uma técnica de preservação de matéria biológica, cujo princípio básico é a substituição dos fluidos corporais por um polímero curável. O tecido biológico não é só preservado por tempo indefinido, mas permanece também inerte, realista e livre de agentes decompositores. Diante das vantagens proporcionadas, a plastinação pode gerar muitos benefícios às exposições museais das ciências da vida e afins. Nesse sentido, o Museu de Ciências da Vida se institui enquanto único no mundo em produzir exposições com espécimes animais da fauna silvestre brasileira plastinados e, além disso, não há na literatura relatos do uso desse tipo de espécime em exposições, indicando suas vantagens e limitações. Os espécimes animais utilizados neste projeto foram: cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous), feto e cabeça de anta (Tapirus terrestris), gato-maracajá (Leopardus wiedii), mão-pelada (Procyon cancrivorus), preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus), quati (Nasua nasua), paca (Cuniculus paca), pica-pau-anão-barrado (Picmnus cirratus) e pena de harpia adulta (Harpia harpyja). Estes foram apresentados em quatro exposições diferentes: “Diversidade dos Vertebrados” em Venda Nova do Imigrante (VNI) (ES); “A Alma do Mundo - Leonardo 500 anos” na Biblioteca Nacional (RJ); “A Métrica do Corpo Humano” na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo e “Conheça!” na XI Semana de Biologia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Diante dos resultados obtidos, a plastinação mostrou-se uma ferramenta preciosa e facilitadora para a educação científica e ambiental, notando-se uma maior segurança e facilidade de transporte, planejamento e execução de exposições, com destaque para as itinerantes.

The objective of this article was to analyze, in an intersectional way, the profile and experience of women's participation in football in Brazil. We carried out a comparative analysis between women, based on data from the 2015 PNAD (IBGE, 2017). The data were treated with descriptive statistics. It is precisely black, poor, young, less educated women who engage in football, which contrasts with the opposite profile who engages in physical activities. The experience of these women is marked by a competitive emphasis, in public or free spaces for participatory football practice. These results highlight the importance of observing how social divides hinder access to football and public policies to democratize it. Keywords: Gender; Women’s football; Interseccionality; Leisure

Este estudo, quantitativo, adaptou e levantou as evidências de validade interna e externa da Retirement Planning Self-efficacy Scale (RPSS) no contexto brasileiro. Participaram da pesquisa 292 trabalhadores brasileiros mais velhos, sendo 60,3% mulheres e 39,7% homens, com idade média de 54,6 anos (DP = 7,8 anos). Os resultados confirmaram a estrutura interna bidimensional esperada da RPSS, na versão reduzida de 9 itens, e com as subescalas de autoeficácia financeira (3 itens) e autoeficácia de tempo (6 itens). A escala apresentou invariância configural, métrica e escalar para diferentes grupos demográficos. Os resultados também apontaram um conjunto robusto de evidências de validade externa, no qual houve associação significativa entre os tipos de autoeficácia com os construtos antecedentes e consequentes da aposentadoria. Abstract: Retirement Planning Self-efficacy Scale (RPSS): Psychometric Evidence with Workers This quantitative study adapted and collected internal and external evidence of validity of the Retirement Planning Self-efficacy Scale (RPSS) in the Brazilian context. A sample of 292 older Brazilian workers participated in this study, 60.3% women and 39.7% men, with a mean age of 54.6 years (SD = 7.8). The results confirmed the expected two-dimensional internal structure of the RPSS in the reduced version of 9 items, subscales of financial self-efficacy (3 items) and time self-efficacy (6 items). The scale showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance for different demographic groups. The results also pointed to a robust set of evidence external validity, in which there was a significant association between self-efficacy types and antecedents and consequents constructs measured in retirement.

We compute the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel invariants $\Sigma^1$ for the full and pure braid groups of the sphere $\mathbb{S}^2$, the real projective plane $\mathbb{R}P^2$, the torus $\mathbb{T}$ and the Klein bottle $\mathbb{K}$. For $M=\mathbb T$ or $M=\mathbb K$, $n \geq 2$, we show that the action by homeomorphisms of $Out(P_n(M))$ on $S(P_n(M))$ contains certain permutations, under which $\Sigma^1(P_n(M))^c$ is invariant. Furthermore, $\Sigma^1(P_n(\mathbb T))^c$, and $\Sigma^1(P_n(\mathbb{S}^2))^c$ (with $n \geq 5$) are finite unions of circles, and $\Sigma^1(P_n(\mathbb K))^c$ is finite. This implies the existence of $H \lhd Aut(P_n(\mathbb K))$ with $| Aut(P_n(\mathbb K)):H|<\infty$ such that $R(\varphi)=\infty$ for every $\varphi \in H$.

Climatic conditions, genotypes, and post-harvest processing methods influence coffee quality. Microbial fermentation during post-harvest processing has sparked researchers’ interest due to the modulation of the sensory characteristics of coffee. However, the influence of microbial fermentation on different coffee genotypes has been little investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and sensory changes of Coffea arabica cultivars caused by different post-harvest processing and fermentations. Catucaí 785 and Catucaí Açú cultivars had better sensory evaluation than the Arara cultivar in the two years of sampling. However, dry fermentation proved to be a promising alternative to improve the sensory analysis of the Arara cultivar. Inoculation of Saccharomyces pastorianus yielded positive results in the chemical and sensory of the Catucaí Açú cultivar. Each coffee genotype is capable of expressing unique sensory and chemical attributes depending on the different post-harvest processing and fermentations applied.

Resumo Buscando ampliar a aplicação dos compósitos termorrígidos, esta pesquisa objetiva identificar as bioresinas e biofibras mais resistentes às intempéries, contribuindopara seu uso externo. Foram levantadas pesquisas experimentais sobre compósitos com matriz sintética ou vegetal e fibras vegetais ou híbridas, com diferentes processos de moldagem, geometrias de reforço, alinhamento e tratamento das fibras e frações fibras/matriz. Buscou-se trabalhos que estudaram as resistências à tração e à flexão; a absorção de água dos compósitos em 24h de imersão e até a saturação; e sua retenção da resistência mecânica após envelhecimento. Investigou-se a influência do tipo de matriz e de fibra e de suas frações nessas propriedades. Resultados indicam que compósitos de matriz vegetal absorvem menos água em 24h, e que compósitos com linho, sisal ou cânhamo possuem a menor absorção de água na saturação e maior retenção da resistência à tração após o envelhecimento. Isto é, aparentemente esses compósitos sofrem menos danos devido às intempéries, possuindo maior potencial para uso externo. Mas, independentemente da fibra, conforme sua quantidade aumenta, diminui a retenção da resistência à flexão dos compósitos, limitando sua aplicação.