Fachhochschule Gesundheitsberufe Oberösterreich

Der Artikel beschreibt das Erkenntnispotenzial kardiovaskulärer Messungen in der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Dabei wird insbesondere auf Erkenntnisse aus der Disziplin der Neuro-Informationssysteme (NeuroIS), einem Teilgebiet der Wirtschaftsinformatik, eingegangen. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, wie die Anwendung kardiovaskulärer Messungen und damit die Integration kardiovaskulärer Daten die Wirtschaftsinformatik bereichern kann. Zahlreiche Forschungsbeispiele zeigen, dass verschiedene Phänomene im Zusammenhang mit Mensch/Aufgabe/Technik-Systemen - insbesondere kognitive und emotionale Prozesse bei der Nutzung von Anwendungssystemen - durch kardiovaskuläre Daten in Kombination mit Befragungsdaten tiefgehende Einblicke ermöglichen. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Fazit und einem Ausblick auf Forschungs- und Innovationsmöglichkeiten.

Background: European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in tertiary education at Universities of Applied Sciences recommend a high level of competence orientation. This can be achieved and evaluated by the definition of Learning Outcomes. Furthermore, these Outco- mes can assure a comparison of the level of education after graduation. Efforts should be made to achieve this form of Quality Assurance for the professional education of physiotherapists. Objective: The aim of this paper is to state consensus of the Austrian Universities of Applied Sciences Network for Physiotherapy in Neurology through the definition of shared Learning Outcomes for the field of Neurology for undergraduate physiotherapy students. Methods: Based on the guidelines of the European Qualification Framework (EQF), Physio Austria (Austrian Association of Physiotherapists) published the competency profile for physiotherapists describing learning outcomes of EQF levels 6 as the first study cycle with Bachelor degree. Specific learning outcomes for Physiotherapy in Neurology were added for the further development and differentiated assurance of Quality Standards in coordination with experts from the Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria. Results: In addition to the Learning Outcomes described in the competency profile of Physio Austria, this consensus paper describes those specifically for the EQF Level 6 of physiotherapy in neurology. Specifications in neurology were made for the following roles: Expert in Phy- siotherapy, Communicator, Teamworker, Health Promoter, Innovator, Health Professional. Conclusion: Recommendations for quality assurance in tertiary education are actively pursued across all participating Universities of Applied Sciences. This allows a better comparability of the educational standards in Physiotherapy in Neurology in Europe as well as internationally. This is of great importance for physiotherapists as health professionals

In diesem Beitrag wird die Methoden-Kombination von Interview und Beobachtung dargestellt. Im theoretischen Teil erfolgen Überlegungen zum Einsatz von Interview, Beobachtung und der Kombination der beiden Methoden als Forschungsstrategie. Anschließend wird zur Verdeutlichung des Einsatzes der Methoden-Kombination ein Beispiel aus der ergotherapeutischen Forschung mit dem Schwerpunkt „Erfassung von Handlungswissen“ gegeben. In der Diskussion wird versucht, den Mehrwert, welcher bei gelingender Integration der einzelnen Datensätze entstehen kann, näher zu beleuchten.

Increased resistancies of parasites are a challenge in parasite management worldwide. During the last decade a lot of research about secondary plant ingredients were conducted [1],[2],[3]. But farmers are still missing solutions in alternative parasite management. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on the exsheathment rate of parasitic third larvae in vitro. GSE was sourced from the local pharmacy. The content of bioflavonoids (naringin, hesperidin, néohepéridine, narirutine) was according to the certificate at 8 mg/ml. The parasitic larvae were extracted from faeces of pastured goats of the station after incubation of the feces at 28 °C for 10 days. The purified larvae were incubated with two differently concentrated GSE dilutions(GSE1: 1,6 mg/ml; GSE2: 3,2 mg/ml), with tetramishole hydrochloride (positiv control) and water (negativ control) for 3 hours at 22 °C. The proportion of exsheathment was counted 20, 40 and 60 minutes after starting the exsheathment process with diluted sodium hypochlorite solution. After 60 minutes the exsheathment rates of the negative control, positive control, GSE1 and GSE2 were 96,7 %, 4,2 %, 6,4 % and 15,1 %, respectively. The exsheathment rate of the positive control reflects the situation of resistancy in parasites of goats of the station. Although the in vitro examination in GSE showed comparable results with the positive control further investigations are necessary to verify these effects under agricultural field conditions.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with presumed autoimmune origin. The development of lesions within the grey and white matter, which are highly variable with respect to number, total volume and spatial evolution and only show a limited correlation with clinical disability, is a hallmark of the disease. Interestingly, population-based studies indicate a distinct outcome depending on gender. Here, we studied gender-related differences in the evolution of white matter lesions in early MS by using geostatistical methods. Within a three years observation period, patients underwent standardized annual brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), accompanied by neurological examination. MS white matter lesions were automatically extracted and the derived binary lesion masks were subject to geostatistical analysis, yielding quantitative spatial-statistics measures on the lesion pattern geometries. Through the MS-lesion pattern discrimination plot, differences of white matter lesion pattern characteristics and evolution in male and female cohorts were disclosed: while at the individual level, both men and women show strongly varying lesion pattern evolution, at the cohort level spatial-statistics parameters are more distinct. The female cohort shows enhanced lesion pattern smoothness while the male cohort shows more complicated patterns with pronounced directional anisotropies. Regarding evolution of MS white matter lesion patterns in the three year observation period, the female cohort shows slightly increasing pattern smoothness while the male cohort is distinguished by a pronounced decrease of pattern smoothness and total lesion volume. Our results justify detailed studies on gender-related differences.

Owing to ongoing changes in the working world and the resulting changing requirements of university graduates, requirements for teachers are continuously changing. Although this is currently being taken into account at universities, there is a need to take action in the area of fieldwork education. The aim was to create a skill profile for fieldwork educators in occupational therapy, thus providing a basis for fieldwork educators, universities, professional associations, and employers. This reflects on existing measures and generates new measures to facilitate quality improvement in the area of fieldwork education. Requirements were evaluated in two focus groups with a total of 14 practical training experts. Data were analysed within the scope of a qualitative content analysis and summarized in one profile. A total of 18 professional, methodical, social, and personal requirements were identified. Fieldwork educators are able to organise, take responsibility, have expertise, and prepare contents adapted to the needs of individual students. They guide, supervise, give feedback to students in a formative way, thereby assessing and supporting their personal development. Moreover, as communicators, they have a stable personality, are open for further development, flexible, and reflective. In order to meet these requirements, fieldwork educators must be fully committed. Moreover, the professional association needs to create a role model and provide task-specific cross-university training. It also requires the support of universities who are called upon to increase networking and communication with all parties involved and the support of the employers who need to provide additional time resources.

Research examining the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in physical therapy in many countries has revealed positive attitudes, varying degrees of EBP use and barriers at practitioner, patient and organizational levels. In contrast to these countries, Austria does not have an academic or research tradition in physical therapy. Engagement in EBP in countries such as Austria is unknown. The objectives of the study were to describe the current state of EBP engagement and identify factors associated with EBP engagement among Austrian physical therapists (PTs). A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Existing questionnaires and the theory of planned behaviour guided questionnaire development. Face and content validity and ease of use of the questionnaire were evaluated in pilot tests. Item-level response frequencies and percentages were determined. Simple and multiple regressions were used to identify factors associated with EBP engagement. The final sample size was 588 (response rate: 17.5%). Ten percent of participants fully agreed that they regularly use guidelines and standardized assessment tools in clinical practice. While 49.9% reported not using electronic databases for literature searching, 41.9% reported reading research articles 2-5 times per month. Most frequently cited barriers to EBP engagement were lack of scientific skills, lack of time and insufficient organizational support. Research awareness, attitude, behavioural control, involvement in research and degree level were final correlates of EBP engagement. Austrian PTs show a low level of engagement in EBP. Initiatives to advance EBP in Austria and other countries with no academic or research tradition should primarily target practitioner-level factors. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease with rapid involvement of the inspiratory muscles, leading to respiratory insufficiency. Death often occurs by aspiration and pneumonia. Endurance- and strength therapy within ALS are discussed controversially. Objective: To review the current literature to assess the efficacy of inspiratory muscle training for ALS. Method: Systematic review, using databases as PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Intervention: Inspiratory muscle training vs. sham training or inspiratory muscle training alone. Outcome measures: Inspiratory muscle strength, dyspnoea, quality of life and survival time. Results: Four studies could be included in this review, two RCT's, one pre-experimental study and one with a historical control group. In total 73 patients underwent inspiratory muscle training. Conclusion: Studies varied in onset of the training, the training protocol and the outcomes measured. At time, there is limited evidence that inspiratory muscle training leads to strengthening of inspiratory muscles in ALS. Improvements made were minor, in only a few parameters and also in control groups. Survival time was significantly longer in the experimental group in one study. Interesting suppositions (diaphragm training vs. other IM training, improvement of chest wall and lung compliance) need to be examined in robustly designed future trials, defining exact therapeutic windows and interventions.

This is a consensus of the Austrian working group of IBD (inflammatory bowel diseases) of the ÖGGH on nutrition in IBD. Malnutrition should be assessed in case of IBD (in 20 - 70 % of Crohn's patients) and weight loss(> 5 % within 3 months) or nutritional deficiencies or after extensive bowel resection and afterwards also treated. Malnutrition should be treated with medical therapy of IBD and also adequate - as far as possible - with oral nutritional therapy particularly because of reduced life quality, risk of opportunistic infections, osteopenia/osteoporosis, longer hospitalisations and higher mortality. Iron homeostasis, serum levels of Vitamin B12- and folic acid, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and zinc should be checked. Therapy with enteral liquid diets is only indicated as therapy of first choice in children and adolescents, but only in rare situations in adults with IBD. There is - up to now - no proven oral diet for maintenance of remission in IBD. Probiotics as E. coli Nissle could be used as alternative to mesalazine for maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. A specific dietary counselling is mandatory in patients with ileostoma or short bowel syndrome. Malnutrition of short bowel patients is particularly dependent on the function and length of the remaining bowel, therefore the most effective medical therapy should be administered. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Hintergrund Die Akademisierung der Gesundheitsberufe in Österreich insbesondere der medizinisch-technischen Dienste und Hebammen impliziert den Forschungsauftrag für diese Disziplinen. Die Ausbildung für die medizinisch-technischen Dienste und Hebammen findet seit 2006 an Fachhochschulen statt. Gleichzeitig leisten diese Berufe durch ihre Perspektiven einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu den veränderten Anforderungen des Gesundheits- und Sozialsystems. Neben anderen Faktoren ist Forschungskompetenz ein zentraler Erfolgsfaktor für den Aufbau von Forschung an Fachhochschulen in Österreich. Ziel Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt, wie ein Aufbau von Forschungskompetenzen der Gesundheitsberufe an Fachhochschulen in Österreich stattfinden kann und formuliert Handlungsempfehlungen dazu. Methode Zehn Experteninterviews wurden durchgeführt und mittels GABEK® (ganzheitliche Bewältigung von Komplexität) ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Daten aus Workshops, die im Rahmen des Projekts Health Care 2020 – Forschungsstrategie ausgewählte Gesundheitsberufe von etwa 100 forschenden Berufsangehörigen erhoben und einer Sekundäranalyse unterzogen wurden, ergänzt und Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet. Ergebnisse Das vorhandene Personal benötigt adäquate Unterstützung beim Erwerb von Forschungskompetenzen durch die Schaffung zeitlicher und finanzieller Ressourcen und bei der Durchführung von Forschungsprojekten. Das Anwerben etablierter Forscher, die Schaffung entsprechender Arbeitsbedingungen und die Entwicklung von Anreizsystemen sowie von Karrierepfaden und Systemen der akademischen Qualifikation werden neben der Einrichtung von konsekutiven Master-Studiengängen und Kooperationen mit etablierten wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen empfohlen. Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Die Gesundheitsberufe haben ein hohes Potenzial, um mittels Forschungsaktivitäten einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Herausforderungen des Gesundheits- und Sozialsystems zu leisten. Durch die fehlende Forschungstradition dieser Disziplinen in Österreich kommt den Fachhochschulen eine besondere Verantwortung zu, unter Einsatz entsprechender Maßnahmen einen Beitrag zum Aufbau von Forschungskompetenzen der Gesundheitsberufe zu leisten.