Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute

Chronic vestibular migraine (CVM) and cerebrovascular insufficiency are recognized contributors to cognitive impairment. Vestibular dysfunction affects spatial orientation and balance, while compromised cerebral perfusion impacts neuronal health. This study explores the combined pathological effects of these conditions and their role in cognitive decline and dementia. To evaluate the association between chronic vestibular migraine, cerebrovascular insufficiency, and their potential role in accelerating cognitive decline and the onset of dementia. A patient was evaluated from the ages of 48 to 74 years, initially diagnosed with chronic vestibular migraine and later developing cerebrovascular insufficiency. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) over a 5-year follow-up. Neuroimaging, including MRI and CT angiography, was employed to assess cerebral perfusion and white matter changes. The incidence of dementia was evaluated based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. The patient with coexisting CVM and cerebrovascular insufficiency demonstrated rapid cognitive decline, with MMSE scores decreasing by an average of 5 points over the follow-up period. Neuroimaging revealed microvascular ischemic changes and white matter lesions. Frequent vestibular migraines were associated with the progression to dementia over years of regular assessment and follow-up. Chronic vestibular migraine and cerebrovascular insufficiency are significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia. The presence of white matter lesions and ischemic changes appears to exacerbate neurodegeneration. Early diagnosis and management of vestibular dysfunction and cerebrovascular risk factors may help mitigate cognitive decline and reduce the incidence of dementia in affected patients.

A BSTRACT Periodontal disease, a prevalent oral health condition, involves a complex microbial community. Advanced sequencing technologies have enabled in-depth studies of the oral microbiome, focusing on specific bacterial taxa like TM7. This systematic review analyzes the role of TM7 in the oral microbiome and its implications for periodontal disease. This review underscores TM7’s importance in the oral microbiome and its potential as a target for future research on periodontal disease pathogenesis.

: Facial esthetics plays a pivotal role in orthodontics. Orthodontics can alter a patient’s appearance. Various factors related to malocclusion have strong influences on perceptions of facial esthetics : The aim of the study is to assess the self-esteem of patients before and after orthodontic treatment. : A questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple choice questions were given to 33 patients with moderate to severe malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment and the subjects had to mark “strongly agree”, ”agree”, ”disagree”, strongly disagree” aged 19-25 years and statistical analysis(Chi-square test) was carried out. : The results of the study showed improved self-esteem. : Mal-alignment is contemplated not as a dental issue, but is also related to healthy living. The self-esteem of the patients was significantly improved after orthodontic treatment because a smile plays an important part in facial expressions.

Benzimidazole is a bicyclic molecule that is mostly used in medicinal chemistry. The 2-substituted benzimidazoles that are now on the market include omeprazole, flubendazole, mebendazole, and albendazole. Antioxidants are compounds that impede the oxidation process, which is the chemical process that produces free radicals. A computational technique called "in-silico screening" is used in drug discovery to effectively estimate a molecule's likelihood of interacting with a target of interest. Antihelminthics are a class of antiparasitic drugs that either kill or paralyze internal parasites like parasitic worms, all without endangering the host. A standard procedure was used to create the 2-substituted benzimidazole. PyRx software was used to do the in-silico screening for anthelmintic drugs. The DPPH and ABTS methods were used to measure the antioxidant activity. Melting point, TLC, and IR spectra were used to confirm the structures of the produced compounds. The binding affinity for sulphosalicylic acid in the anthelmentic in silico screening was -7.7. Salicylic acid demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity, as seen by its IC50 values of less than 5 mg/ml for the ABTS method and 37 mg/ml for the DPPH method. Overall, the combination of theoretical and practical yield data, along with melting points, ATR Spectra and Rf values, offers valuable insights into the synthesis and characterization of chemical compounds. The salicylic acid derivative exhibits good antioxidant activity by both the methods. The Sulphosalicylic acid derivative shows prominent In-silico anthelmintic activity result hence the synthesized compounds can be tested for anthelmintic activity in future.

In this study, decentralized emission inventories were developed for the road sector in selected areas of Greater Chennai, with a specific focus on PM2.5 and PM10 emissions across four distinct periods: pre- and post-lockdowns, semi-lockdowns, and lockdowns. Land use types include residential, commercial, and industrial. It comprises 10 sampling stations: Anna Nagar, Ambattur, T.Nagar, Porur, Valasaravakkam, Koyembedu, Maduravayol, Kilpauk, Alandur, and Kodambakkam. Methodology included primary surveys to assess traffic patterns and mode preferences, monitoring vehicle volumes, and calculating emission rates in grams per second per square meter (g/s-m2). Utilizing primary surveys, the existing travel and transportation features were assessed to understand traffic patterns and mode preferences. Vehicle emission rates in grams per second per square meter (g/s-m2) for both PM2.5 and PM10 were determined for all ten stations. The study unveiled that the volume of vehicles commuting to the Koyambedu region is 2.5 to 5 times greater than in other areas. Modal shares varied, with two-wheeled vehicles constituting 33%, buses 25%, four-wheelers and three-wheelers 24%, and Vehicles for hauling goods 18%. Location with the greatest pollutant concentration proved Koyambedu at 0.000158 g/s-m2, correlating with its elevated vehicular inventory. Prompted by the current air quality status, this study underscores the necessity to accurately estimate particulate matter emissions from vehicles and understand their impact on air quality.

This systematic review examines the integration and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching within schools and synthesizes findings to evaluate the effectiveness, challenges, and pedagogical implications of AI-driven tools and applications in enhancing school EFL education. Original empirical studies were identified from seven authentic databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and ERIC), resulting in 189 eligible studies out of which 22 relevant studies reporting hands-on experiential learning outcomes of EFL students on AI use were included based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagram. Findings revealed revolutionary impacts of AI in school EFL teaching in areas like adaptive learning systems, assessment, speech recognition, pronunciation and personalized learning experiences. The review highlights significant improvements in student engagement, motivation and language proficiency attributed to AI interventions while also addressing concerns regarding accessibility, teacher training, and ethical considerations. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided to curb challenges and optimize the use of AI. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge on educational technology, providing valuable guidance for school teachers, policymakers, and researchers committed to advancing EFL education through innovative AI solutions.

The formulation and evaluation of a natural lip balm with beetroot juice as the main ingredient are the main subjects of this study. Due to its natural pigments and moisturising qualities, beetroot known for its rich colour and possible health benefits is a promising ingredient in cosmetics. The research begins with the development of a formulation incorporating beetroot juice alongside other natural ingredients to create a lip balm product. Subsequently, the physical, chemical, and sensory aspects of the lip balm formulation are evaluated. The overall quality and consumer attractiveness of the product are assessed by analysing various parameters, including colour, pH, texture, fragrance, and moisturising efficacy. Furthermore, stability checks are carried out to ensure the durability and shelf-life of the lip balm under different storage conditions. The findings of this study aim to contribute to the growing demand for natural and sustainable cosmetics while providing insights into the potential benefits of utilising beetroot juice in lip care products. Ultimately, the research seeks to offer a viable alternative to conventional lip balms, promoting both health-conscious and eco-friendly beauty solutions.

Artificial sweeteners, prominently exemplified by sucralose, have become pervasive in contemporary diets, prompting intriguing questions about their impact on metabolism and their potential role in the unfolding trends of obesity. Covering topics from its discovery to analytical methods for detection and determination in food samples, the manuscript scrutinizes the metabolic effects of sucralose. Notably, the association between sucralose intake and obesity is examined, challenging the conventional belief of its role in weight management. The document comprehensively examines in vivo studies, revealing sucralose's implications on insulin resistance, gut microbiota, and metabolic syndrome, providing a nuanced comprehension of its impact on human health. Additionally, it explores sucralose's effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular health, underscoring its possible involvement in malignancy development. The review concludes with a call for increased public awareness, education, and updated dietary guidelines to help individuals make informed choices about sweetener consumption. The future perspectives section highlights the need for longitudinal studies, exploring alternative sweeteners, and refining acceptable daily intake limits to ensure public health recommendations align with evolving regulatory guidelines. Overall, the manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of sucralose's multifaceted impact on health, urging further research and a balanced perspective on sweetener consumption.

This research presents a novel strategy for selecting the optimal virtual machine (VM) in a cloud environment. The approach employs an improved version of the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. Cloud computing, which offers scalable resources and services, has become an essential component of modern IT design. These resources must be used effectively in order to optimize performance and cost-effectiveness. The proposed improved ACO algorithm features enhancements that allow for more precise solution space exploration, which improves VM selection results. Extensive experiments and comparative research have demonstrated the efficiency of the improved ACO algorithm. This study advances cloud resource management methods by assisting in the optimal distribution of virtual machines to meet stated performance and cost targets.