Dijlah University College

Although extant literature has thoroughly investigated the incorporation of cloud computing services, examining their influence on sustainable performance, particularly at the organizational level, is insufficient. Consequently, the present research aims to assess the factors that impact the integration of cloud computing within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and its subsequent effects on environmental, financial, and social performance. The data were collected from 415 SMEs and were analyzed using a hybrid SEM-ANN approach. PLS-SEM results indicate that relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, top management support, cost reduction, and government support significantly affect cloud computing integration. This study also empirically demonstrated that SMEs could improve their financial, environmental, and social performance by integrating cloud computing services. ANN results show that complexity, with a normalized importance (NI) of 89.14%, is ranked the first among other factors affecting cloud computing integration in SMEs. This is followed by cost reduction (NI = 82.67%), government support (NI = 73.37%), compatibility (NI = 70.02%), top management support (NI = 52.43%), and relative advantage (NI = 48.72%). Theoretically, this study goes beyond examining the determinants affecting cloud computing integration by examining their impact on SMEs’ environmental, financial, and social performance in a comprehensive manner. The study also provides several practical implications for policymakers, SME managers, and cloud computing service providers.

Brucella melitensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus that causes brucellosis in humans. The lack of effective treatment and increasing antibiotic-resistant patterns shown by B. melitensis, warrant the search for novel therapeutics. In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics, reverse vaccinology, and biophysics techniques were employed to design a novel multi-epitopes based vaccine (MEBV) against B. melitensis. Core proteomics, subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatic studies revealed three core proteins: Flagellar hook protein (FlgE), TonB-dependent receptor, and Porin family protein as promising vaccine targets. The proteins have exposed topology, and are antigenic, and adhesive. Furthermore, B and T cell epitopes were predicted from these proteins. Highly antigenic, immunogenic, non-toxic and non-allergenic epitopes were shortlisted and used in the MEBV design. The designed MEBV also showed stable docked conformation with different immune receptors such as MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR-4. The global energy of selected docked complexes was as; solution 4 of MEBV-TLR-4 (−45.73 kJ/mol), solution 5 of MEBV-MHC-I (−20.94 kJ/mol), and solution 1 of MEBV-MHC-II (−3.45 kJ/mol). Molecular dynamics simulation studies unveiled a steady root mean square deviation (RMSD) pattern for the systems. However, all of them were stable in terms of intermolecular binding conformation and chemical interactions. Further, the systems showed robust binding energies with net binding energy < −300 kcal/mol. The van der Waals and electrostatic energies were the dominating energies and were found as intermolecular stabilizing factors. The vaccine was also predicted to generate promising immunological responses and thus could be an attractive candidate to be evaluated in experimental studies.

Text classification pertains to the automated procedure of assigning predefined labels or categories to textual data. A comprehensive review of the existing literature on Arabic text classification (ATC) reveals that most research concentrates on methodologies and approaches, with no thorough evaluation of ATC. Consequently, this systematic review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-the-art in ATC, illuminate the present challenges, and discuss prominent trends in large-scale research. From a collection of 2875 studies, 60 were determined to satisfy the eligibility criteria and were rigorously analyzed. The selected studies were divided into three categories: topic areas, tasks/applications, and ATC phases. The topic areas were classified into six primary sectors: healthcare, legal, security and cybersecurity, history, culture and religion, social media, and agriculture. The ATC tasks/applications were classified into nine groups: gender identification, author identification, disease detection, threat and spam detection, dialect identification, hierarchical categorization, news article classification, web page clustering, and question classification. The ATC phases were organized into five categories: corpus creation, preprocessing (stemming and tokenization), feature selection, feature extraction, and classifiers/approaches. The review emphasizes the proposed solutions in each ATC study and offers insights for future research. This review also underscores the potential applications of ATC in addressing current challenges across various industries and highlights the significance of developing a benchmark dataset for ATC to facilitate model comparison. The review concludes by proposing areas where further research is required, such as addressing the unbalanced dataset issue, enhancing the preprocessing phase, and exploring human factors’ role in utilizing ATC systems.

Spur gears are essential components in a mechanical power transmission system used in rotating equipment at varying loads and speeds. In food processing machinery, the PP materials are used but do not provide sufficient material properties. In the present paper, specimens and spur gears are made up of Short Carbon Fiber (SCF) reinforced matrix polyamide66 (PA66) composite materials on an injection molding machine. Carbon steel gears have a low strength-to-weight ratio as compared to polyamide composite gears. These gears produce more noise & vibration due to friction and need proper lubrication and maintenance. Further, inertia in these gears is more, affecting the performance. Tensile and density tests of specimens with a different weight percentage of SCF in PA66 are tested ASTM D 638-14 and ASTM D 792 standards. Tensile test performance on different specimen’s results shows that the strength increases up to 40% SCF content then almost remains constant. Further, FEA results show that the total deformation of carbon steel is significantly 97.70% less than PA66 and SCF/PA66 composite spur gears. Under the same torque, the stresses developed in SCF/PA66 composite gear are 11.68% less than in carbon steel gear. Hence composite spur gears have a high potential for good tensile strength and a weight reduction. To be a substitute for carbon steel gear for applications where moderate power and precision motion transmission. It is found that the weight of SCF/PA66 composite spur gears is 5.54 times much less than carbon steel. Finally, these gears are highly recommended for their superior properties and sustainability. The observation of tensile specimen failure with advanced microstructure Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy shows that most of the fibers of interfacial bonds pulled out and some agglomerated out of the PA66 instead of breaking. It is observed that due to proper mixing of fibers are evenly distributed in the matrix.

In this work, an innovative seedless and surfactant-free chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at low temperature was applied to obtain flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures (FZONSs) on glass and [Formula: see text]-type silicon substrates for the first time. Structural properties of these FZONSs were examined. The NSs were produced from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine, HMTA solution without any catalyst, template, or seed layer. An electric soldering iron pen was used to simultaneously heat the substrate and aqueous mixture of the constituents to grow the FZONSs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the samples showed the presence of three-dimensional (3D) flower-shaped nanomorphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detected the right trace elements in the FZONSs. X-ray diffraction analysis of the as-grown samples confirmed the existence of high purity nanocrystalline hexagonal phase of ZnO with preferred growth along (002) lattice planer orientation. The growth of ZnO nanorods into unified flower-like morphology was interpreted using a nucleation dissolution-mediated recrystallization mechanism. The fabricated FZONSs may provide potential in various applications including advanced catalysts, sensing devices, and solar cells.

ContextIn recent years, undivided attention has been given to the unique properties of layered nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) monolayers (C2NMLs), which have widespread applications (e.g., in catalysis and metal-ion batteries). Nevertheless, the scarcity and impurity of C2NMLs in experiments and the ineffective technique of adsorbing a single atom on the surface of C2NMLs have significantly limited their investigation and thus their development. Within this research study, we proposed a novel model, i.e., atom pair adsorption, to inspect the potential use of a C2NML anode material for KIBs through first-principles (DFT) computations. The maximum theoretical capacity of K ions reached 2397 mA h g−1, which was greater in contrast with that of graphite. The results of Bader charge analysis and charge density difference revealed the creation of channels between K atoms and the C2NML for electron transport, which increased the interactions between them. The fast process of charge and discharge in the battery was due to the metallicity of the complex of C2NML/K ions and because the diffusion barrier of K ions on the C2NML was low. Moreover, the C2NML has the advantages of great cycling stability and low open-circuit voltage (approximately 0.423 V). The current work can provide useful insights into the design of energy storage materials with high efficiency.Methods In this research, we used B3LYP-D3 functional and 6–31 + G* basis with GAMESS program to calculate adsorption energy, open-circuit voltage, and maximum theoretical capacity of K ions on the C2NML.

This paper presents a novel extended state observer (ESO) approach for a class of plants with nonlinear dynamics. The proposed observer estimates both the state variables and the total disturbance, which includes both exogenous and endogenous disturbance. The study’s changes can be summarized by developing a sliding mode higher-order extended state observer with a higher-order augmented state and a nonlinear function for the estimation error correction terms (SMHOESO). By including multiple enhanced states, the proposed observer can monitor total disturbances asymptotically, with the second derivative of the total disturbance serving as an upper constraint on the estimation error. This feature improves the observer’s ability to estimate higher-order disturbances and uncertainty. To extend the concept of the linear extended state observer (LESO), a nonlinear function can modify the estimation error in such a way that the proposed observer can provide faster and more accurate estimations of the state and total disturbance. The proposed nonlinearity also reduces the chattering issue with LESOs. This research thoroughly examines and analyzes the proposed SMHOESO’s convergence using the Lyapunov technique. According to this analysis, the SMHOESO is asymptotically stable, and the estimation error can be significantly reduced under real-world conditions. In addition to the SMHOESO, a modified Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) scheme is built, which includes a nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF) controller and a nonlinear tracking differentiator (TD). Several nonlinear models, including the Differential Drive Mobile Robot (DDMR), are numerically simulated, and the proposed SMHOESO is compared to several alternative types, demonstrating a significant reduction in controller energy, increased control signal smoothness, and accurate tracking of the reference signal.

ContextBy utilizing first-principles calculations, we studied the electronic properties of graphdiyne nanosheet (GDY) and its Si-doped counterpart, Si-GDY. Both GDY and Si-GDY sheet surfaces were examined for the drug cisplatin (CP) adsorption using adsorption energy, charge transfer, and changes in electrical conductivity as indicators. Pure GDY has little affinity for CP, according to this study. Only 7.83% of the GDY surface’s bandwidth energy changed after CP adsorption. CP on Si-GDY has a gaseous energy value of −18.75 kcal/mol and an aqueous energy value of − 49.39 kcal/mol.Methods The prescribed medications’ water-phase solubility is determined by their solvation energy value. These charges are transferred between CP and the Si-GDY sheet, which is extremely positively charged, and this gives CP the necessary binding energy. After CP adsorption, electrical conductivity of Si-GDY increased by approximately 19.01%.

The Network Design Problem (NDP) is the optimum network expansion planning problem that the branching ought to be involved within the network for obtaining the lowest merit index. This paper aims to apply the branch and bound algorithm to obtain the optimal solution in extend railway (Basrah-faw) project. Numerical experiments show that our algorithm is superior to previous algorithms in terms of both computation time and solution quality. The finding shows that representing the project through a network would facilitate the work of the executing company in calculating the shortest possible time as well as we obtain two paths with lower merit index which gives the flexibility and applicability of our algorithm for the decision maker.

Background and Objective Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness globally and directly impacts optic nerve-altering vision. The condition has been linked to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The objective of this review was to search how well different drug solutions containing gold nanoparticles (GNPs) work in treating glaucoma, with a focus on using contact lenses instead of regular eye drops. Materials and Methods The methodology was structured to review different literature on ocular drugs used in contact lenses to investigate and determine their impact on intraocular pressure (IOP). Some of the intraocular drugs covered in the methodology include timolol, bimatoprost, pilocarpine, etc. The review focused on using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) infused with the solution in contact lenses for timolol. Results The review found that timolol helps reduce intraocular pressure for the first two hours, but then the effect wears off. Moreover, gold nanoparticles infused with timolol solution on contact lenses improved IOP. GNPs in lenses increased the accumulation of timolol in ciliary muscles. Conclusion Contact lenses with saturated drug solutions and GNPs have better bioavailability and release durations. Given its prolonged drug release time and bioavailability, the timolol solution relieves intraocular pressure better than other solutions. GNP-infused contact lenses with drug solutions have been found to treat glaucoma better than eye drops.

In comfort, air-conditioning control over the humidity is essential in applications such as pharmaceutical industries, electronic gadgets manufacturing units, the food sector, paper industries, etc. Relative humidity of nearly 50% can effectively prevent the growth and abidance of biological pollutants. There are several methods using which dehumidification can be achieved. The most common method is subcooling air up to the condensation temperature of the moisture trapped and then cooling again, and the condensate is collected. This method is time-consuming and needs to be more effective. On the other hand, desiccants’ dehumidification process is suitable for maintaining humidity in air-conditioning systems and producing dry air. Desiccants with economical materials, high moisture removal rate, low regeneration temperature, and steadiness after many years make a desiccant system more successful in its performance and cost. The effect of change in process air temperature, process air humidity ratio, and regeneration temperature on the system's performance is studied. This research focuses on the functioning of various desiccant dehumidification systems and their applications. A comparative study of the different dehumidification systems found efficiency, low maintenance cost, and high sustainability.

This study presents the design and fabrication of an urban solar food cooking system with a phase change material (PCM) as a heat storage tank. The effort has been taken to test the system experimentally and explore its thermal performance under actual climatic conditions of Mumbai, India. The solar heat energy is stored in the tank using commercial grade Erythritol as PCM in current research work. A heat exchanger is well designed and fabricated to regulate the flow of solar heat energy from the storage tank to the cooking vessel, similar to the domestic Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cooking system. This solar cooker is designed to cook food twice a day for four family members (Equivalent to the energy of 5000 KJ). Cooking experiments were conducted on 19th April 2019 for the afternoon and evening slots with rice and potato as cooking loads, respectively. The time taken for cooking rice and potato are from 12:30 pm to 12:52 pm (22 minute) and from 05:30 pm to 05:59 pm (29 minutes), respectively. The heat transfer rate was also observed at different storage tanks and cooking unit points. The experiments show cooking is possible twice a day and considered as convenient as domestic LPG stoves. Furthermore, it was found that comparatively less time was required for cooking food than the other existing solar cookers.

In this paper, two new versions of modified active disturbance rejection control (MADRC) are proposed to stabilize a nonlinear quadruple tank system and control the water levels of the lower two tanks in the presence of exogenous disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and parallel varying input set-points. The first proposed scheme is configured from the combination of a modified tracking differentiator (TD), modified super twisting sliding mode (STC-SM), and modified nonlinear extended state observer (NLESO), while the second proposed scheme is obtained by aggregating another modified TD, a modified nonlinear state error feedback (MNLSEF), and a fal-function-based ESO. The MADRC schemes with a nonlinear quadruple tank system are investigated by running simulations in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and several comparison experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used as a tuning algorithm to parametrize the proposed MADRC schemes with the integral time absolute error (ITAE), integral square of the control signal (ISU), and integral absolute of the control signal (IAU) as an output performance index (OPI). Finally, the simulation results show the robustness of the proposed schemes with a noticeable reduction in the OPI.

The association between information management and cloud computing has been supported substantially in the existing literature. However, little is known about the role of national culture in this relationship. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the role of national culture in the relationship between information management and the adoption of cloud computing. A total of 300 Turkish and 349 Malay undergraduate students were recruited for this study. A multi-group structural equation modeling approach is used to investigate cross-cultural differences. The results showed that the relationship between perceived ease of use and usefulness was positively significant for both countries, but this relationship was stronger for Malaysia. Similarly, the relationship between perceived ease of use and behavioral intention was stronger for Malaysia. The results also indicated that perceived usefulness significantly predicts behavioral intention for Turkey, while this relationship was not significant for Malaysia. The results showed that information management impacts perceived usefulness in Turkey, while this relationship was not supported in Malaysia. In conclusion, the findings revealed that national culture plays an essential role in the relationship between information management and the adoption of cloud computing.

In this work, a Nonlinear Higher Order Extended State Observer (NHOESO) is presented to replace the Linear Extended State Observer (LESO) used in Conventional Active Disturbance Rejection Control (C-ADRC) solutions. In the NHOESO, the standard LESO is completed with a two-term smooth nonlinear function with saturation-like characteristics. The proposed novel NHOESO enables precise observation of the generalized disturbances with higher-order derivatives. The stability of the NHOESO is examined with the aid of the Lyapunov method. A simulation of an uncertain nonlinear Single-Input–Single-Output (SISO) system with time-varying external disturbances confirms that the proposed NHOESO copes well with the generalized disturbance, which is not true for other ESOs.

In automobiles, the cooling system is essential in increasing engine performance. Conventional coolants like water and ethylene glycol have low thermal conductivity. Nanotechnology allows the development of a high thermal conductivity coolant named ‘nanocoolant’, a colloidal suspension. This study is focused on the effect of nanocoolant size on the radiator, which is also responsible for fuel consumption. To prepare nanocoolant two-step method was used, in which nanoparticles were prepared separately and dispersed in a base fluid under ultrasonic agitation. This research was carried out for the dispersion of Al 2 O 3 in a water-ethylene glycol mixture with volume concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%. The experimentation was carried out on 180, 216, 288 and 360 mm tube-length radiators. The experiments were conducted at a coolant inlet temperature 65 °C, air velocity of 1.05 m/s, and volume rate of 4 to 9 litres per minute. The result shows that using 0.2% Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles, the overall heat transfer coefficient was augmented by 43% more than the base fluid. It is also seen that for 0.6% volume fraction nanocoolant, approximately 65% reduction in frontal radiator area is possible, which leads to decrement in the drag force and pumping power.

In the hundreds of bands of the photographed substance, hyperspectral imaging delivers a great density of spectral data. This allows the images to be used for a variety of purposes, including agriculture, geosciences, and biomedical imaging. Previous work didn’t discuss the best classifier with sufficient ground truth classes. This work presents the application of maximum abundance classification (MAC) for classifying a variety of areas over hyperspectral images. The allocation of an end-member throughout hyperspectral images can be described with abundance maps. Since each pixel's abundance values represent the proportion of each end-member that is present in that pixel, the pixels in a hyperspectral image will be classified in this study by determining the highest abundance rate of every pixel and allocating it to the corresponding end-member category. The ground truth classes are represented by nine end-members in the test data: Bitumen, Shadows, Self-Blocking Bricks, Bare Soil, highlighted Metal area, Gravel, Meadows, Trees, and Asphalt. By uniformly distributing the range of wavelength over the amount of spectral domains, we initially determine the central wavelength for each band to visualize loaded data and the end-member signatures of nine ground truth classes. Next, we estimate the end-members abundance maps. Finally, we classify the Max Abundance of every pixel to present a color-coded image, the overlaid, and the classified hyperspectral image areas over their category labels. The result demonstrates that brick, bare soil, trees, and asphalt zones have all been correctly identified in the photographs, which is beneficial for the identification or detection of materials

Two-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials are commonly used in nanobiotechnology in order to improve horizontal inorganic systems for medicinal purposes. In this research, a silicon carbide (SiC) monolayer with a chlormethine (CM) anticancer drug is investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The interaction between host and guest complexes with different configurations, charge transfer (CT), interaction strength, and structural geometries are also presented. Using the SiC monolayer with CM is found to be more efficient for biofunctionalization with the interaction energy (Eint) of − 29.05 kcal/mol. The charge transfer from the adsorbed CM to SiC was confirmed by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The results can provide insights into the application of nano-biomaterials in the fields of biology, nanomedicine and drug delivery.