Chongqing University

This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy control scheme capable of guaranteeing prescribed performance for stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown control directions. Unlike the majority of existing prescribed performance control schemes, the proposed scheme ensures the independence from initial errors and guarantees controllable overshoot. Moreover, the proposed prescribed function exhibits nonmonotonicity, which can be beneficial in control applications with input constraints. To address the challenge posed by unknown control directions, a novel class of multiple Nussbaum functions is introduced. Compared to the existing single Nussbaum function, the multiple Nussbaum functions can mitigate instability arising from the cancellation of multiple unknown signs. Additionally, to tackle unknown nonlinearities, a single-parameter fuzzy approximator is introduced, aiming to concurrently reduce computational complexity. Furthermore, a novel class of switching threshold event-triggered mechanisms is designed to address issues encountered in existing designs where parameter inequalities impose conservative constraints. The control scheme ensures that the tracking error converges to prescribed asymmetric boundaries with arbitrarily small residuals in a prescribed time, while also guaranteeing that all closed-loop signals are bounded in probability. The effectiveness and superiority of the control scheme are verified by simulation results.

Admittance control is an important method for providing collaborative robots with precise manipulation and flexible contact behavior in industrial settings that often involve physical interaction. However, too rigid or high-frequency interactions by non-specialists will jeopardise the stability of the system. To address this issue, this research presents a novel admittance control framework for collaborative robots to detect oscillatory states and maintain stability by adjusting the controller parameters. In particular, a recursive haptic stability observer is designed to provide a quantitative assessment of the system stability, while a variable admittance controller based on model predictive control is constructed for optimal tuning of stability and flexibility to meet the requirements of a variable task. The effectiveness of the present algorithm is verified in experiments simulating two industrial tasks conducted on the AUBO I5 collaborative robot with 23 volunteers. In addition, the algorithm is tested for application in real collaborative tasks.

Renewable energy is believed to be one of the most low-carbon energy sources. Accurate forecasts of renewable energy generation can help the government make correct energy decisions. However, the sequence of renewable energy generation is irregular, nonlinear, and complex. And the existing techniques has problems such as being too linear or requiring a large amount of modeling data. Therefore, a new method is needed to solve these problems. A novel fractional grey model with Bessel function of the first kind as the grey input is proposed, and the discrete convolution solution is utilized to make the model viable in operation. The introduction of Bessel function of the first kind and fractional accumulation makes the model more adaptable and stable, and has better nonlinear fitting ability. The Salp Swarm Algorithm is used to determine the optimal nonlinear parameters of the proposed model. Compared with the existing 15 models in 5 developed countries in Europe and North America, the minimum forecasting MAPE of the proposed model just reaches 0.58%, which is better than all comparison models. Since the model performs well in actual situations, it has high potential in accurately forecasting renewable energy generation. Hence, it can be considered as a reliable forecasting tool in the future.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics enable comprehensive measurement of gene expression at subcellular resolution while preserving the spatial context of the tissue microenvironment. While deep learning has shown promise in analyzing SCST datasets, most efforts have focused on sequence data and spatial localization, with limited emphasis on leveraging rich histopathological insights from staining images. We introduce GIST, a deep learning-enabled gene expression and histology integration for spatial cellular profiling. GIST employs histopathology foundation models pretrained on millions of histology images to enhance feature extraction and a hybrid graph transformer model to integrate them with transcriptome features. Validated with datasets from human lung, breast, and colorectal cancers, GIST effectively reveals spatial domains and substantially improves the accuracy of segmenting the microenvironment after denoising transcriptomics data. This enhancement enables more accurate gene expression analysis and aids in identifying prognostic marker genes, outperforming state-of-the-art deep learning methods with a total improvement of up to 49.72%. GIST provides a generalizable framework for integrating histology with spatial transcriptome analysis, revealing novel insights into spatial organization and functional dynamics.

Synthesis of chemically diverse heterocyclic scaffolds in DNA-encoded libraries is highly demanded. We herein reported a convenient one-pot multi-component on-DNA synthetic strategy to afford multi-substituted 2,3-dihydrofuran scaffolds via pyridinium ylide-mediated...

Correction for ‘Genetically engineered gas vesicle proteins with proliferative potential for synergistic targeted tumor therapy’ by Li Lin et al., RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 157–166, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA07532C.

Severe haze pollution has long been an environmental problem, which is complicated and poorly understood in the Sichuan Basin (SCB). In this study, a field observation was carried out to investigate the factors driving haze formation in urban Chengdu, a typical megacity in the SCB. It was found that the accumulation of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) played an important role in haze formation in urban Chengdu. The average mass fraction of BBOA in PM2.5 increased from ∼1% during clear days to ∼10% during severe haze episodes. A method combining backward trajectory analysis with fire spot distribution was used to evaluate the effects of regional transport of biomass burning (BB) emissions. The results showed that BBOA concentration increased by ∼3 times and PM2.5 concentration increased by ∼54% when BB emissions were transported from adjacent areas to urban Chengdu. Moreover, the parameter f60 (the ratio of the integrated signal at m/z 60 to the total signal in the organic component mass spectrum), which indicated the impacts of BB emissions, was reassessed to be 0.54% instead of the widely used value 0.3% previously. Our results uncovered the importance of BB emissions on haze formation in urban areas in the SCB and provided new insights into pollutant mitigation strategies in the region.

This article examines how audience-sensitive art exhibition labels engage visitors of different age groups – children and adults – from an appraisal perspective. The potential of evaluative language and emotionally charged expressions in enhancing visitor engagement is increasingly recognized by museum professionals, while it has received limited in-depth exploration in the research literature. A corpus of 56 audience-sensitive labels from an exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Australia was compiled for a comparative analysis of how they negotiate affect, judgement, and appreciation meanings. The findings reveal that both sets of labels frequently employ positive and inscribed appreciations to evaluate the qualities of the artworks. However, there are notable differentiations regarding the realizations of attitude types, subtypes, polarity, mode, appraisers, and the appraised triggers/targets. This article contributes to our understanding about the use of evaluative language in art exhibition labels for children and adults, offering insights into audience-sensitive label writing practice in the art museum context.

With the increasing problems caused by water pollution, the use of photocatalytic oxidation to remove pollutants from wastewater is a sustainable strategy. However, it is challenging to develop well-designed photocatalysts with high photo-quantum efficiency and the comprehension of their photocatalytic reaction mechanisms. Herein, a R/A-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx (R: rutile; A: anatase) photocatalyst with different ratios of rutile and anatase phases was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The results showed that the number of rutile and anatase phases could be readily regulated by adjusting the dosage of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and Ti3C2Tx. The prepared R/A-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx-0.2 contained a mass fraction of 42% rutile phase and 58% anatase phase, with the interface between the two phases exhibited a tightly bonded structure. Meanwhile, the heterojunction between the heterophase TiO2 and Ti3C2Tx interfaces improved the photo-quantum efficiency of R/A-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx, and the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) by R/A-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx-0.2 was 77.82% in 2 h under ultraviolet light illumination. Ultimately, the active species capture experiments verified that the primary active species in the photocatalytic reaction was h⁺, ·OH, and·O2⁻. This work could shed light on the new approach to the rational design of high-efficiency heterophase TiO2-based photocatalysts. Graphical Abstract R/A-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx photocatalysts with heterojunctions were controllably synthesized by an EDTA-2Na-assisted hydrothermal method.

Reported herein is the first example of a ruthenium-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation of phenothiazine-3-carbaldehydes to construct structurally diverse pyrido[3,4-c]phenothiazin-3-iums with dual-emission characteristics. Novel organic single-molecule white-light materials based on pyrido[3,4-c]phenothiazin-3-iums with dual-emission and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics have been developed for the first time herein. Furthermore, the dual-emission molecule could be fabricated as water-dispersed NPs, which could be applied in two-channel emission intensity ratio imaging to observe the intercellular structure and can specifically target the cell membrane.

This study explored the relationship between parental career support and adolescent career adaptability and the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of the father-child/mother-child relationship. The results of a questionnaire survey of 366 adolescents revealed that (1) parental career support positively predicts career adaptability; (2) the father-/mother-child relationship positively moderates their relationship; (3) the mother-child relationship moderates the pathway through which parental career support influences career adaptability via resilience—specifically, a strong mother-child bond amplifies the effect of parental career support on career adaptability through the mediating role of resilience. The study underscores the integrated impact of parental career support, parent-child relationships, and resilience in shaping career adaptability. Finally, the research provides recommendations for fostering adolescents’ career development and future research directions.

The evolutionary model of construction land serves as a fundamental pillar in national spatial development and planning research. However, previous studies have overlooked the "climbing" mode of construction land on three-dimensional terrains. To address this issue, utilizing elevation data and land use data from 2010 to 2020, this study employs slope analysis, intensity analysis, spatio-temporal transformation, and PLUS model to elucidate the spatial expansion process and driving forces of urban construction land in Chongqing from both two-dimensional and three-dimensional perspectives. The findings indicate that: (1) From a three-dimensional topographical standpoint, between 2010 and 2012, construction land gradually expanded towards low-slope areas, whereas between 2012 and 2020, it progressively extended into high-slope regions. (2) Regarding land type conversion patterns, the shift from arable land to construction land demonstrates a systematic inclination, while other transformations exhibit absolute or relative tendencies. Conversely, the conversion from construction land to arable land also displays a systematic pattern. (3) Since 2010, the growth process of construction land has transitioned from slow-equilibrium to rapid-disequilibrium with an expanding spatial disparity. (4) Most areas maintain relatively stable spatial conditions without significant jumps or transitions observed. (5) The expansion of construction land in Chongqing is primarily influenced by terrain, river, tunnel, rail transit, and other factors. The outcomes of this study can provide scientific foundations and decision-making references for rational planning in similar cities characterized by mountainous landscapes intersected by rivers.

To create green, low-energy self-compacting backfill materials, this study utilizes aeolian sand, slag, red mud, and calcium carbide slag to prepare diverse solid waste backfill materials in synergy. Additionally, a suitable amount of polypropylene fibers is added to enhance its toughness. During the experimental process, unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted using digital speckle technique. Computerized tomography scanning technology was employed for internal 3D visualization of the samples. Material strength difference mechanisms were characterized using SEM–EDS and XRD microscopic techniques. Finally, discrete element numerical simulation was utilized for analyzing the evolution of sample failure. The results show that with the increase in calcium carbide slag doping, the specimen UCS increases and then decreases, and when the doping of calcium carbide slag is 14%, the specimen UCS reaches a local maximum of 3.552 MPa; with the increase in the water–solid ratio, the specimen UCS gradually decreases, and when the water–solid ratio is 0.3, the specimen UCS reaches a local minimum of 3.26 MPa. With the increase in calcium slag doping, the mass percentage of calcium element and calcium-silicon ratio in the multi-solid waste matrix first increased and then decreased, and the micro-morphology of the multi-solid waste matrix included lamellar, block, and rod structures; With the increase in the water–solid ratio, the micro-morphology of the multi-solid waste matrix was gradually transformed, and the pore defects between the cementitious materials gradually increased. With the increase in calcium carbide slag doping, the porosity within the unit decreases, and when the doping of calcium carbide slag exceeds 14%, the porosity increases and the compressive strength decreases; with the gradual increase in the water–solid ratio, the porosity within the unit gradually increases, and the number of holes in the specimen reaches a minimum of 208 within the range of the study when the water–solid ratio is 0.24. Digital speckle technique and PFC numerical simulation together elucidate the sample’s failure process and crack evolution mechanism. Initially, the internal voids of the sample are gradually compacted, and crack propagation is slow. As the load increases to the peak, localized deformation and macroscopic crack formation occur in the sample. After the peak load, the sample exhibits significant displacement deformation, and the number of cracks increases significantly. The research findings can provide reference for the design and construction of solid waste backfill pipelines and trenches.

The floating phase, a critical incommensurate phase, has been theoretically predicted as a potential intermediate phase between crystalline ordered and disordered phases. In this study, we investigate the different quantum phases that arise in ladder arrays comprising up to 92 neutral-atom qubits and experimentally observe the emergence of the quantum floating phase. We analyze the site-resolved Rydberg state densities and the distribution of state occurrences. The site-resolved measurement reveals the formation of domain walls within the commensurate ordered phase, which subsequently proliferate and give rise to the floating phase with incommensurate quasi-long-range order. By analyzing the Fourier spectra of the Rydberg density-density correlations, we observe clear signatures of the incommensurate wave order of the floating phase. Furthermore, as the experimental system sizes increase, we show that the wave vectors approach a continuum of values incommensurate with the lattice. Our work motivates future studies to further explore the nature of commensurate-incommensurate phase transitions and their non-equilibrium physics.

Defect density on the perovskite film surface significantly exceeds that found in the bulk, primarily due to the presence of dangling bonds and excessive strain. Herein, a synergistic surface engineering is reported aimed at reducing surface defects of perovskite films. This method involves subjecting the thermally‐annealed perovskite films to a controlled cooling condition involving an ambient environment with regulated humidity, as opposed to a nitrogen environment, followed by phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) passivation. The perovskite films treated with moisture cooling (MC) exhibit enhanced radiative recombination, prolonged charge carrier lifetime, and improved hole transport and extraction when in contact with the hole transport layer (HTL), alongside a significant reduction in strain. Notably, the passivation effect of PEAI on the MC‐treated perovskite films is significantly amplified compared with the films subjected to nitrogen cooling (NC) treatment, as evidenced by a more uniform surface potential mapping and a markedly extended charge carrier lifetime. This enhanced passivation effect may arise from the higher ratio of newly‐formed 2D perovskite phase PEA2FAPb2I7 to PEA2PbI4 in the MC‐treated film. Consequently, the MC‐based perovskite solar cell (PSC) achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.28%, surpassing that of the NC‐treated device, which exhibits a PCE of only 24.01%.

Molecular engineering serves as a prevalent strategy in solar cells architecture toward robust, reliable, and highly efficient light‐electricity conversion devices. Specifically, two well‐known strategies, i.e., halogen substitution and π‐spacer modification, are extensively introduced. However, the underlying photovoltaics mechanism on benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodamine (BTR) remains lacking. Herein, a combined approach of density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT calculations is systematically introduced to unravel the implication in terms of structure–property relationships. The results suggest that halogen substitution on BTR molecular backbone can effectively reduce the frontier molecular orbital energy levels of molecule. Moreover, extending the π‐spacer can increase the conjugation length of the molecular backbone, which results in improving the photoelectric properties of small molecules. B 3 , i.e., the addition of a pair of thiophene rings to the π‐spacer of the BTR, with the lowest energy gap and reorganization energy, relatively small exciton binding energy, and the strongest light absorption spectra, is a promising candidate for the donor molecule. In addition, by combining these two modification strategies (i.e., chlorinated B 3 ), the overall performance of the new B 3 ‐Cl molecule can be further improved compared to B 3 . The findings provide a theoretical guidance for the rational design of novel A–π–D–π–A‐type small molecules.