Chittagong Independent University

This paper explores the effect of traditional practices and cultural norms on entrepreneurship and business success in Bangladesh. Using a constructive survey questionnaire, data was collected from 172 businesspersons. Factor analysis and regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The findings highlight that traditional family structures, gender roles, social hierarchies and traditional business networks significantly influence entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. These factors can either enable or hinder entrepreneurial activities, access to resources and funding, and decision-making processes. The study also identifies challenges faced by entrepreneurs because of traditional practices and cultural norms, such as limited resources for female entrepreneurs and barriers to fair competition. Based on the findings, implications are drawn for policy development, programming within educational institutions and entrepreneurial practice.

In this work, a reduced component count multilevel inverter (RCCMLI) topology of only six switches and two DC sources is proposed, which is simulated in high frequency-based Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation Techniques (MCPWM). As the conventional converters add more switches and component counts including high THD output, reduced component count topology is proposed in this paper. Besides, high-frequency control with asymmetrical DC inputs uplifts the output voltage level for the selected inverter. The proposed inverter is analyzed for both single and threephase modes for four types of MCPWM strategies such as Phase Disposition (PD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD), Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD), and variable Frequency PWM (VFPWM). Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) achieved for different methodologies of MCPWM is comparatively shown in the simulation and results section. For single-phase simulation voltage, THD is 9.03% with seven-level output, and for three-phase current THD is 1.63% with thirteen-level output. The simulated single and three-phase inverters can be used for solar power generation, especially for stand-alone and grid-connected applications.

The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has significantly affected global financial markets, requiring investors to adapt their attitudes accordingly. This study aims to explore the transformation of investor attitudes towards financial markets within the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. By analysing monthly data spanning from January 2021 to March 2023, including Standard and Poor 500 index, Bitcoin historical price, gross national income, US consumer price index and investor attitude index, various models such as regression, the vector error correction model, generalized autoregres-sive conditional heteroskedasticity and the granger causality model are utilized. The findings reveal a noteworthy and positive impact of investor attitude on returns in both markets. Positive investor sentiment is linked to higher returns and enhanced market confidence. Particularly, investor attitude's influence is particularly pronounced during wartime, as global net income exerts a significant negative effect on both markets. These findings emphasize the necessity of evaluating the financial health of industrial companies prior to making investment decisions amidst periods of conflict. Furthermore, the results provide remarkable guidelines for policymakers and investors, underscoring the necessity of tracking the investor attitudes during wartime and acknowledging their potential impact on investment decision-making in financial markets.

This study examines the effect of the Russia–Ukraine conflict on global financial markets and the resulting changes in investor psychology. We have analysed weekly data from January 2021 to March 2023, including indicators such as gross national income, Bitcoin historical price, Standard and Poor 500 index, US consumer price index, US dollar index, and investor psychology index, using a variety of econometric techniques. Our findings reveal a positive and significant correlation between investor psychology and market returns. These results highlight the importance of monitoring investor psychology during times of conflict as it can greatly impact investment decisions in financial markets, providing valuable insights for investors and policymakers

The focus of this study is to analyze the key elements that have a significant impact on the economic growth in South Asia, specifically the development of entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and the quality of institutions. Through meticulous analysis of annual data from 2010 to 2022, encompassing all South Asian countries except Afghanistan, a compelling correlation between entrepreneurship development, technological innovation, and the coveted economic prosperity is unveiled. These findings ignite a spark of inspiration, highlighting the pivotal roles of nurturing entrepreneurship and fostering technological advancements in driving sustainable economic growth in this vibrant region. However, the pressing need to address the barriers hindering progress cannot be overlooked. It becomes evident that enhancing financial development and institutional quality is crucial for unlocking South Asia's boundless potential. Equipped with practical policy formulations, governments and institutions can seize the opportunity to elevate these responsible factors and propel South Asia towards a future of unparalleled economic progress. JEL: O15; 033; P48; H55; G28

This study applies the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to explore the factors that potential users may prioritize when intending to use block-chain technology in accounting. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 217 respondents. Both factor analysis and regression models were applied to achieve the study's purposes. The findings indicate that respondents consider privacy, usefulness, cost, and facilitation issues when intending to use block-chain technology in accounting to enhance data reliability and reduce the workload of auditors. Bangladesh, a developing country, has immense opportunities to ensure a transparent society by applying blockchain technology in accounting, with cooperation from stakeholders such as firms, the government, regulatory authorities, and users of accounting information. It is expected that the findings of this study will help the concerned authorities to formulate appropriate strategies for the implementation of blockchain technology in the field of accounting in Bangladesh. K E Y W O R D S accounting, Bangladesh, blockchain technology, business strategy, factor analysis, stakeholder, UTAUT

Despite there being a well-documented need, as well as opportunity, to enhance foreign direct investment (‘FDI’) inflow to climate-friendly (‘green’) economic activities in Bangladesh, the reality portrays a stark contrast. Nowhere is it more obvious than the evolving investment relationship between China and Bangladesh under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Originally under the rubric of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) economic corridor, and later under the garb of the BRI, Chinese investments in Bangladesh have predominantly ended up in fossil fuel-based sectors. Even after the advent and expansion of the ‘green BRI’ initiative, reality has not changed much. This article offers an assessment of investment inflows from China to Bangladesh under the BRI umbrella against the backdrop of a growing green investment trend and the existing applicable legal framework. It finds that key legal and policy challenges that prevent leveraging of the BRI for green investment into Bangladesh include: an uncoordinated approach from the government, a disregard for the role of economic policy instruments for climate action, and politically motivated, as well as path-dependent decision-making with respect to investment promotion. This paper suggests that ambitious climate commitments combining economic policy tools, along with a more integrative and holistic domestic approach to climate action and investment promotion, can help shift the status quo.

A Deep Learning model will be a promising method for evaluating the parameters of the photonic crystal fiber for transmitting orbital angular modes, which is a challenge for the finite element method (FEM) owing to the FEM's high processing power and time requirements. This paper evaluates multiple Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models built from scratch to map design parameters and optical characteristics: Effective Refractive Index (Neff), Mode Purity (η), Dispersion(D), Effective Area (Aeff) & Nonlinearity (γ) of Ring Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (RC-PCF) employed for OAM transmission with notable precision having mean squared error of 0.02815 requiring significantly less time (approximately 4% of the time required in COMSOL Multiphysics), which can be regarded as a considerable substitute to simulative processes in terms of computational resources and complexity associated with the rigorous modeling through trial and error approach conventional numerical simulation techniques.

Established and well-known employers in Bangladesh often complain that suitable candidates are not available for employment in their organizations, despite the millions of unemployed graduates in the country. This bears clear witness that graduates in Bangladesh are mostly unable to fulfill the needs and expectations of established and well-known employers. Employing a qualitative research approach, this article explores the desired employability skills and graduates’ work readiness from the perspective of established and well-known employers in Bangladesh. The study identified the desired skills and traits as ‘communication’ ‘teamwork and collaboration’, ‘problem solving’, ‘computer literacy and technical skill’, ‘honesty and integrity’, ‘hardworking and willingness to take on extra work’, ‘achievement orientation’, ‘adaptability’, ‘time management’, ‘leadership’, ‘personality’ and ‘academic results and knowledge’. The study also revealed that graduates mostly lack the necessary skills as envisaged by Bangladeshi employers. As employers have outright authority in the selection of graduates, it is suggested that universities work together with industries to develop the skills and traits they demand. This is the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, to explore employability skills and graduates’ work readiness from the perspective of established and well-known employers in Bangladesh.

In the domain ofintellectual property (IP), the Geographical Indication (GI) is deemed to be a sleeping beauty due to its imperial reverberation in consolidating cultural and economic values, particularly in the developing and least developed countries. Bangladesh, being rich in cultural diversities and traditions, has a number of world famous foodstuffs, handicrafts, agricultural products and cultural heritage that could qualify as geographical indications. In this context, the country introduced a sui generis method of GI protection with the promulgation of the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 2013, which was also monumental in discharging Bangladesh's obligation under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The present paper has :firstly chosen to examine the concept of the GI and its legal framework from the IP perspective in order to safeguard both the cultural legacy and genuine producers of geographically exhibiting products of Bangladesh. The key focus of this paper is, however, on the compatibility of TRIPS to Bangladeshi law, particularly inrelation to the aspects of protection and registration of Gls, and to identify the unexplored challenges that the country is supposed to confront as a developing nation. Finally, this article portrays some way-outs to combat potential challenges and help ensure the prospects of Bangladesh in an ever expanding local and global market of GI goods.

This study aims to unearth the influence of students’ intelligence (IQ) on their academic achievement (AA) in a mediated mechanism. Following the theoretical essence, the present study analysed cross‐sectional data in Bangladesh and China using a self‐administered survey. A sample of 287 from Bangladesh (study 1) and 317 from China (study 2) showed that IQ does not influence creativity (CR) but AA. In effect, the direct and indirect (mediating) effects of CR on AA are not supported. Surprisingly, the impact of IQ on CR is significant through the mediating effect of creative self‐belief. The findings contribute to advancing and extending the knowledge gap in developing countries as these observed variables were witnessed as being Western‐biased. Furthermore, this study also contributes to formulating policies for higher educational policymakers to involve students in positive initiatives so that they can feel tempted to engage in creative practice.

This study presents a promising tetra band Mm-wave antenna (9×8×0.127 mm3 ) with a full ground plane for Ka, V and W-band applications. A rectangular 2-shaped resonator microstrip line antenna including the optimized shape is implemented. The tapered and truncated edges have been introduced to optimize the radiation pattern and overall performance. At the centered frequencies of 34 GHz, 62 GHz, 76 GHz and 93.7 GHz the proposed multiband antenna exhibits noticeable gain of 7.48 dB, 6.81 dB, 8.88 dB and 10.90 dB respectively. At the antenna's 76 GHz frequency band, a maximum bandwidth of 1.4 GHz is achieved. Thus, the suggested tetra-band antenna is the perfect candidate for high speed military and radar applications.

A Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) fed patch antenna with defected ground plane operating in microwave range, i.e.license free 5.8 GHz ISM band is presented for breast tumor detection. The antenna offers a size of 50×50×1.2 mm3 on a Rogers RT5880 substrate material with a loss tangent of tanδ =0.0009. The optimized antenna can successfully detect the presence of a tumor cell surrounding with healthy tissues in a breast phantom. The reflection coefficients (S11) of the proposed antenna with and without tumor are -24.11 dB and -23.96 dB respectively. The gain of the designed antenna remains 5.65 dB at 5.8 GHz with tumor cell. The proposed CPW fed microstrip patch antenna operating in license free ISM Band provides us a feasible solution to detect breast tumor successfully through microwave imaging at an early stage.