China Medical University Hospital

This paper exposes the precise soliton solutions of constant and variable order fractional for nonlinear Gilson-Pickering equation (GPE) via a novel numerical technique for the first time. These techniques are polynomial differential quadrature and discrete singular convolution method combined with Caputo and generalized Caputo definition. These techniques are applied to convert NLPDEs into nonlinear ODEs to extract wave solutions. Hence, we have employed perturbation and iterative techniques to solve Nonlinear ODEs. Thus, MATLAB code is designed to derive the results of the given model. Moreover, a parametric analysis is offered to discover the effect of the presented techniques on soliton solutions. Finally, the obtained results from this article show that the presented method is preferred for successfully solving nonlinear PDEs that appear in mathematical physics.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses a significant challenge for early diagnosis due to the lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers. This encouraged us to explore the diagnostic value of cancer‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as early detection biomarkers. We previously showed that the recombinant malaria protein VAR2CSA (rVAR2) selectively binds to oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) on the surfaces of cancer cells, which might be useful for identifying cancer‐derived sEVs. Indeed, flow cytometry revealed strong ofCS expression in PDAC cell‐derived sEVs, as evidenced by the presence of mutant KRAS, a common genetic alteration in PDAC. Plasma from PDAC patients showed significantly higher ofCS⁺ sEV levels compared to healthy donors and patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases. ROC analysis for ofCS⁺ sEVs revealed an AUC of 0.9049 for the detection of all‐stage and 0.9222 for early‐stage PDAC. Notably, mutant KRAS was also detected in these patient‐derived sEVs. Most intriguingly, combining ofCS⁺ sEVs and CA19‐9 resulted in an AUC of 0.9707 for the detection of early PDAC. Our study demonstrates that rVAR2 is suitable for detecting ofCS⁺ cancer‐derived sEVs in plasma, thereby providing high efficiency for identifying PDAC patients among a diverse population. These findings suggest that rVAR2‐based sEV detection could serve as a powerful diagnostic tool to improve patient survival through early detection.

Background/Objectives This study investigated the impact of dopaminergic medications on myopia progression by comparing myopia susceptibility in ADHD patients treated with dopaminergic agents to those untreated. A non-ADHD cohort was also established to assess myopia risk compared to individuals with ADHD. Subjects/Methods This population-based cohort study used Taiwan National Health Insurance data (2009–2020), stratifying participants by ADHD status. Myopia was identified using ICD-10 diagnostic codes, while ADHD-related drug usage (methylphenidate, atomoxetine, clonidine) was analyzed. Cox regression models compared hazard ratios (HRs) for myopia, with cumulative incidence curves generated via the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Adjusting for sex, age, comorbidities, and follow-up time, the untreated ADHD cohort had a 1.22-fold higher myopia risk (95% CI: 1.21–1.24) compared to the non-ADHD cohort. In contrast, ADHD patients receiving treatment showed a 39% reduced myopia risk (adjusted HR (aHR): 0.61; 95% CI: 0.59–0.62). An increased number of ADHD-related medications correlated with a notable myopia risk reduction: one drug (aHR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.49–0.51) and two drugs (aHR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.26–0.31). Conclusions Untreated ADHD in children is linked to a higher myopia risk than both non-ADHD individuals and treated ADHD patients. Dopaminergic treatments may provide a therapeutic avenue for mitigating myopia progression by enhancing dopamine signaling pathways. Key messages What is already known on this topic Dopamine release in the retina inhibits myopia progression, and ADHD is linked to dopaminergic dysfunction. ADHD treatments like methylphenidate enhance dopamine signaling, but their effect on myopia risk has not been thoroughly studied. What this study adds This study shows that untreated ADHD children have a higher risk of myopia, while dopaminergic treatments significantly reduce this risk. The use of multiple ADHD medications further strengthens the protective effect. How this study might affect research, practice or policy These findings suggest that ADHD treatments may serve as a new approach for myopia prevention, encouraging cross-field research and consideration of systemic therapies for managing comorbid conditions.

Real-world data on multiple myeloma (MM) outside Europe and North America are limited. The INTEGRATE study retrospectively assessed real-world treatment pathways and outcomes in MM from Argentina, China, South Korea, South Africa, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, and Türkiye. Medical records (2010–2011) of patients (≥ 18 years) with newly diagnosed MM were analyzed. The primary endpoint was time to next treatment (TTNT). Secondary endpoints included treatment pathways and clinical outcomes stratified by stem cell transplantation (SCT). Of 1511 patients analyzed (median age: 59.5 years), 32% had IgG kappa MM and 35.9% had International Staging System stage III disease. Bortezomib- and thalidomide-based chemotherapy regimens were the most common first- and second-line treatments; lenalidomide-based regimens were common in later lines. Median TTNT from initiation of first-line treatment was 39.5 months. Only 31.7% of patients received SCT at diagnosis, with improved outcomes versus those without SCT (median overall survival: 114.1 vs 85.9 months; 5-year relapse-free rates after first-line treatment: 58.2% vs 49.3%). Treatment strategies for MM outside Europe and North America align with guideline recommendations. More effective treatments and SCT at treatment initiation are needed. This study can guide future research in these regions utilizing newer treatment options.

Background Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with high‐dose cisplatin is the standard treatment for locally advanced head and neck cancer (LA‐HNC). However, some patients experience underdosing or severe side effects due to intolerance. That is, identifying patients who can tolerate high‐dose cisplatin remains challenging. Methods This study aims to develop a prediction nomogram to identify patients tolerating high cumulative cisplatin dose (CCD ≥ 200 mg/m ² ) during CCRT. The collected data of 1020 patients who received cisplatin‐based definitive CCRT between 2010 and 2019 in a Taiwanese medical center were retrospectively reviewed. Results A prediction model was developed using stepwise multivariable logistic regression and evaluated for accuracy. A nomogram was created to predict the likelihood of completing a CCD ≥ 200 mg/m ² , and its performance was assessed using various measures. The higher CCD group had better‐experienced status and median body mass index than the lower CCD group ( p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Univariate analysis identified several risk factors for high‐dose cisplatin intolerance, including old age, tumor site, the nasopharynx, stage IV disease, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 3, and weekly cisplatin ( p < 0.001 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, tumor site, stage IV disease, and hemoglobin level strongly predicted high‐dose cisplatin intolerance. The nomogram showed good predictive accuracy with a Brier score of 0.18, C‐index of 0.71, calibration curve slope of 0.95, and intercept of 0.2. Similar values were observed in the non‐nasopharyngeal carcinoma subgroup. Conclusions Our nomogram model identified patients who can tolerate higher cisplatin doses, showing predictive accuracy after internal validation. Developed using pretreatment characteristics like age, clinical stage, tumor size, and hemoglobin level, it predicts tolerability for CCD ≥ 200 mg/m ² . This method helps select patients for high‐dose cisplatin, enabling confident prescription of three‐weekly or weekly dosing to improve survival outcomes. Further prospective research is needed for a comprehensive nomogram.

Background Despite increasing interest in Turnbull–Cutait pull-through delayed coloanal anastomosis (DCAA) for low rectal cancer, its advantages over conventional immediate coloanal anastomosis (ICAA) with a diverting stoma remain unclear. This study aimed to compare postoperative outcomes between DCAA and ICAA following elective total mesorectal excision (TME) for low rectal cancer. Study Design This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent elective minimally invasive TME with hand-sewn coloanal anastomosis (ICAA or DCAA) for primary low rectal adenocarcinoma. The primary outcome was the overall 30-day postoperative complication rate. Postoperative anorectal function was assessed using the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome and Wexner scores one and two years postoperatively. Results A total of 305 consecutive patients (109 delayed, 196 immediate) were assessed. The overall 30-day postoperative complication rate was 25%, with a significantly lower incidence in the DCAA group compared to the ICAA group (15% vs. 31%, p= 0.002). Both early (≤30 days) and late (>30 days) anastomosis-related complications were significantly lower in the DCAA group than the ICAA group, at 7% vs. 15%, p =0.047, and 2% vs. 11%, p =0.005, respectively. Two years postoperatively, the DCAA cohort had a significantly lower proportion of patients with major Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (38% vs. 60%, p= 0.018) and severe incontinence (0% vs. 8%, p= 0.029). Conclusion DCAA without a diverting stoma for low rectal cancer removes the risks associated with stoma creation and closure-related morbidity. DCAA is also linked to significantly lower postoperative morbidity and improved anorectal function at two years compared to ICAA with a diverting stoma. DCAA may therefore be the optimal anastomotic method for patients with low rectal cancer.

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of T cell maturation and exhaustion. However, the mechanisms by which miRNAs influence T cell function in tumor environments remain unclear. This study focuses on miR-379-5p, which counteracts T cell exhaustion and enhances antitumor responses. Methods Native CD8 ⁺ T cells were isolated from the blood of healthy donors and subjected to chronic stimulation to induce exhaustion. RNA sequencing and miRNA sequencing were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. These miRNAs underwent bioinformatics analyses, including DESeq enrichment, immune cell infiltration assessment, and patient prognostic outcomes in The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets to assess their potential involvement in T cell exhaustion and antitumor immunity. The biological functions of miRNA on T cell differentiation, cytotoxic killing, and immune checkpoint regulation were investigated using in vitro assays, OT-I B16F10-OVA models, and patient-derived tumor organoids. Results MiR-379-5p is downregulated in exhausted T cells and negatively associated with exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in advanced tumors. It correlates positively with better survival outcomes in breast cancer, cervical cancer and melanoma. In CD8 ⁺ T cells, miR-379-5p reduces the expression of immune checkpoint proteins T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) by targeting their 3’ untranslated region. Overexpression of miR-379-5p in CD8 ⁺ T cell promotes differentiation into memory-like T effector cells and enhances cytotoxic killing of cancer cells. The transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) with increased expression in exhausted T cells and negatively regulates miR-379, restoring immune checkpoint expression and suppressing cancer-killing ability. In contrast, OT-I T cells expressing ectopic miR-379-5p show increased cytotoxicity against B16F10-OVA tumors in mice. Autologous T cells isolated from patients with breast cancer transduced with miR-379-5p significantly improve killing of tumor organoids derived from the same patients. Conclusions MiR-379-5p acts as an epigenetic tumor suppressor by enhancing CD8 ⁺ T cell effector functions and suppressing T cell exhaustion. MiR-379-5p could represent a novel marker and strategy for cancer immunotherapy, offering promising avenues for enhancing antitumor immune responses.

Background Recurrent breast cancer survivors often experience diverse symptom clusters (SCs) that impact their quality of life (QOL). Identifying these SCs is essential for developing targeted interventions to improve symptom management and care. Objective This study aimed to identify and compare SCs in recurrent breast cancer survivors with local-regional and distant recurrence. Methods In this cross-sectional study, adult women diagnosed with recurrent breast cancer within the past 10 years completed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-Breast Cancer Symptom Index Questionnaire-16. Latent profile analysis (LPA), guided by the Bayesian Information Criterion, identified distinct SCs based on groups of individuals with similar symptom patterns. Symptom frequency and severity were analyzed to determine the predominant symptoms for each recurrence type. Results This study analyzed data from 165 recurrent breast cancer survivors. Among participants with local-regional recurrence, 2 distinct SCs were identified, with sleep disturbances and worsening worry being the most prominent symptoms. By contrast, 3 SCs emerged among those with distant recurrence. While no single symptom was universally predominant, pain and sleep disturbances were consistently present in 2 of the 3 clusters for this group. Conclusions This study highlights the utility of LPA in identifying distinct SCs among recurrent breast cancer survivors, linked to local-regional and distant recurrence. The findings suggest that healthcare providers should prioritize managing sleep disturbances and worsening worry in survivors with local-regional recurrence, and pain and sleep disturbances in those with distant recurrence. Addressing these SCs through personalized care strategies may improve QOL for this population.

Prenatal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) or microplastics can impact liver fat accumulation in offspring. This study investigates the protective effects of prenatal melatonin on liver injury in male pups resulting from maternal exposure to a HFD and microplastics. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFD or a normal chow diet, with some groups exposed to microplastics alone or in combination with melatonin. Male pups were evaluated on postnatal day 7. Results indicated that pups in the HFD-microplastics group (HFD-Mi) exhibited increased liver lipid accumulation (observed in histological staining), apoptosis (elevated cleaved caspase 3, phospho-AKT, and TUNEL staining), inflammation (higher IL- 6 and TNF-α), and oxidative stress (elevated malondialdehyde). Conversely, melatonin treatment (HFD-Mi + M) significantly reduced these effects, including lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammation, while enhancing antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase activity and improving lipid metabolism (reduced SREBP- 1 expression). These findings suggest that prenatal melatonin mitigates liver injury caused by maternal HFD and microplastics through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and lipid-regulating properties, underscoring its potential hepatoprotective role.

The elusive nature of brain tumor progression, hidden behind the blood-brain barrier, presents significant challenges for treatment monitoring in high-grade gliomas. In this feasibility study, we evaluate a novel approach to tracking glioblastoma through liquid biopsy, assessing whether tumor cells leave detectable molecular footprints in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using the MiSelect R II System with specialized microfluidic technology, we analyzed paired blood and CSF samples from six glioblastoma patients, revealing a striking presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)– with higher abundance in CSF, where detection rates reached 100% compared to 83.3% in blood. Our technical validation demonstrates the system’s capability to identify CTCs through multi-marker analysis (EGFR+/GFAP+/CD45-). Preliminary observations revealed higher CTC counts in CSF (median 15.5 cells/mL) compared to blood (median 3.0 cells/mL), with notable differences between compartments suggesting they may reflect distinct aspects of disease biology. In a patient who developed progressive disease, we observed a substantial increase in CSF CTCs from 14 to 116 cells/mL, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts. Additionally, we detected CTC clusters in both compartments, an intriguing finding with potential biological significance. While our interim analysis provides technical proof-of-concept for CTC detection in glioblastoma patients, the limited sample size precludes definitive conclusions regarding clinical utility. These findings establish a methodological foundation for future comprehensive studies exploring the relationship between CTC dynamics and clinical outcomes in high-grade gliomas.

Background/Objective Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Although ASCVD risk is elevated in diabetic populations, the effect of acute kidney injury (AKI), especially when chronic kidney disease (CKD) is present, on post-ASCVD outcomes remain unclear. This study investigates the association between AKI—with or without co-existing CKD—and short‐term adverse outcomes in diabetic patients following their first ASCVD event. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database (2004–2020), which includes anonymized electronic health records from three affiliated hospitals. Patients with DM who experienced the first ASCVD event were categorized by kidney function: no known kidney disease (NKD), AKI, CKD, and acute-on-CKD (AoCKD). The impact of kidney dysfunction on outcomes was assessed using Cox proportional-hazards models, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 4525 patients, those with CKD and AoCKD exhibited significantly higher 1-year all-cause mortality (HR: 1.24 and 1.68, respectively) and risks of cardiovascular death, recurrent ASCVD-related hospitalizations, and heart failure, compared with NKD patients. Diuretic use was associated with increased all-cause mortality in AoCKD and CKD groups. In the contrary, the use of metformin was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in AoCKD and CKD groups. Conclusion AoCKD significantly increases short-term mortality and cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients post-ASCVD period, whereas AKI alone does not confer additional risk. These findings highlight the need for dedicated case-managed, personalized and multidisciplinary interventions for cardiorenal health. The early nephrologist consultation, echocardiography with speckle-tracking strain, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, pharmacologic strategies, such as cautious use of diuretics, use of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors, statin or metformin are recommended to improve outcomes in this high-risk group.

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide, and AIDS linked with chronic inflammation and immune activation, increases atherosclerosis risk. The application of bioinformatics and machine learning to identify hub genes for atherosclerosis and AIDS has yet to be reported. Thus, this study aims to identify the hub genes for atherosclerosis and AIDS. Gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The Robust Multichip Average was performed for data preprocessing, and the limma package was used for screening differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis employed GO and KEGG, protein–protein interaction network was constructed. Hub genes were filtered using topological and machine learning algorithms and validated in external cohorts. Then immune infiltration and correlation analysis of hub genes were constructed. Nomogram, receiver operating curve, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis were applied to evaluate hub genes. This study identified 48 intersecting genes. Enrichment analyses indicated that these genes are significantly enriched in viral response, inflammatory response, and cytokine signaling pathways. CCR5 and OAS1 were identified as common hub genes in atherosclerosis and AIDS for the first time, highlighting their roles in antiviral immunity, inflammation and immune infiltration. These findings contributed to understanding the shared pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and AIDS and provided possible potential therapeutic targets for immunomodulatory therapy.

The swallowing function is a major goal of reconstruction for the patients who had hypopharyngeal cancer and received total pharyngolaryngectomy with or without voice reconstruction. We would like to share our experience in reconstruction of swallowing function using jejunum, ileocolon, or anterolateral thigh flap for cervical esophagus. In this study, we proposed that the jejunum flap is the most suitable option for restoring swallowing function, owing to its physiological characteristics. A retrospective study was conducted in 36 patients undergoing reconstruction of cervical esophagus with free jejunum flap (7 cases), ileocolon flap (21 cases), or anterolateral flap (8 cases). Esophagography, time required to achieve swallowing of semisolid diet without tube feeding, changes in body weight before and after the surgery, and 99mTc for transit scan to evaluate pharyngeal clearance were used to evaluate the swallowing function of the patients. Patients with jejunum flap had the best swallowing function, followed by ileocolon and then ALT flap. Besides, no conduits needed to be modified in jejunum and ileocolon flap. Regarding swallowing function, for patients with longer life expectancy and no contraindication of laparotomy, jejunum flap should be the first choice to obtain optimal swallowing function for cervical esophagus. Anterolateral flap is the easiest and most commonly used flap and provides fair swallowing function if there is no leakage. However, the anterolateral thigh flap tends to develop narrowing on long-term following-up. Based on completeness of pharyngeal transit of bolus and lack of complications, patients with jejunal flap reconstruction showed best swallowing function, followed by ileocolon and then ALT flaps. Graphical Abstract

Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve compression neuropathy. While established surgical techniques have demonstrated reliable outcomes and safety profiles, innovations in minimally invasive approached continue to emerge. This study evaluates a novel minimally invasive surgical technique using a specialized instrument for carpal tunnel release. Methods In this prospective multi-center case series, 41 patients underwent minimally invasive carpal tunnel release using a novel surgical kit. Outcomes were assessed through Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ), grip and pinch strength measurements, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing at regular intervals over 24 weeks post-surgery. Results Mean surgical time was 7.02 min. Significant improvements were observed in VAS scores (LS-Mean − 0.57, P < 0.0001) and BCTQ scores (Symptom Severity: LS-Mean − 2.62, P < 0.0001; Functional Status: LS-Mean − 1.20, P < 0.0001) by 24 weeks. Grip and pinch strengths showed significant improvement from 2 weeks post-surgery. Mean time to return to work was 18.2 days. NCV testing demonstrated significant improvements in both latency (LS-Mean − 0.57, P < 0.0001) and velocity (LS-Mean 5.79, P < 0.0001). One superficial infection and two cases of temporary numbness were reported, with no recurrent CTS observed. Conclusions This novel minimally invasive technique demonstrates promising clinical outcomes with shortened operative time, rapid symptom relief, and early functional recovery. While larger randomized studies are needed, these preliminary findings suggest this technique may be a valuable addition to current surgical options for CTS. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05067205. Prospectively registered, date of first registration: 05/10/2021 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05067205).

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent a new generation of antihyperglycemic agents that operate through mechanisms distinct from conventional diabetes treatments. Beyond their metabolic effects, these medications have demonstrated neuroprotective properties in preclinical studies. While clinical trials have explored their therapeutic potential in established neurodegenerative conditions, their role in disease prevention remains unclear. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to comprehensively evaluate the prophylactic benefits of these agents across multiple neurodegenerative diseases and identify the most promising preventive strategies. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalKey, Cochrane CENTRAL, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov through October 24th, 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors. Our primary outcome was the incidence of seven major neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body dementia, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington’s disease. Secondary outcomes included safety profiles assessed through dropout rates. We performed a frequentist-based NMA and evaluated risk of bias with Risk of Bias tool. The main result of the primary outcome in the current study would be re-affirmed via sensitivity test with Bayesian-based NMA. Results Our analysis encompassed 22 RCTs involving 138,282 participants (mean age 64.8 years, 36.4% female). Among all investigated medications, only dapagliflozin demonstrated significant prophylactic benefits, specifically in preventing Parkinson’s disease (odds ratio = 0.28, 95% confidence intervals = 0.09 to 0.93) compared to controls. Neither GLP-1 receptor agonists nor other SGLT2 inhibitors showed significant preventive effects for any of the investigated neurodegenerative conditions. Drop-out rates were comparable across all treatments. Conclusions This comprehensive NMA reveals a novel and specific prophylactic effect of dapagliflozin against Parkinson’s disease, representing a potential breakthrough in preventive neurology. The specificity of dapagliflozin’s protective effect to Parkinson’s disease might rely on its highly selective inhibition to SGLT2. These findings provide important direction for future research and could inform preventive strategies for populations at risk of Parkinson’s disease. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42021252381.

The success of tumor prosthesis relies on the preclusion of deep infection and local recurrence in limb sparing surgery. The orthopedic implants enabling to simultaneously possess the antibacterial function and anticancer ability have become a desirable local therapy in the treatment of bone cancer. In this regard, we proposed a promising concept of the sequential release in a dual-drug system by combing titania nanotubes and chitosan as drug nanoreservoirs and sustained release films, respectively. An electrochemical anodization technique, controlled by anodization voltage, electrolyte composition, and processing time, was used to fabricate self-ordered titania nanotubes on the titanium surface, with their lengths simply tuned by the processing time, for drug loading. Two drugs of cisplatin and vancomycin as model anticancer and antibiotic, respectively, were sequentially loaded in nanotubes to investigate the release kinetics. The release profiles of cisplatin and vancomycin were found to be related to the spatial positioning of each drug on the nanotubes. Such a release sequence can be attributed to the anisotropic diffusion of drugs from the nanotubes, which can be further sustained for over four weeks through chitosan coverage. The drug release behavior was first evaluated in water using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of release kinetics over time. The influence of dual-drug-loaded nanotubes on the growth of staphylococcus aureus and osteogenic sarcoma in vitro was systematically evaluated for the therapeutic efficacy of bone cancer treatment. A high correlation between the viabilities of bacteria and cells and dual-drug release profiles was observed, indicating the feasibility of our nanotube-based concept utilizing a sequential release pattern to combat initial bacterial infection and prevent local recurrence.