Cesar Vallejo University

Objectives: This study examines the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between social media addiction and irrational procrastination among university students in Trujillo, Peru. Methods: The research employed a non-experimental, explanatory design with latent variables using measurement scales involving 342 university students aged 18 to 36 years. Data collection was carried out using quota sampling using institutional email lists. The findings reveal that social media addiction significantly influences both irrational procrastination and emotional regulation, with age moderating the relationship between emotional regulation and procrastination. Results: The results indicated that social media addiction explained 9.5% of the variance in procrastination and 12% of the variance in emotional regulation. Interestingly, although age alone did not directly predict procrastination, it demonstrated a significant moderating effect when combined with emotional regulation. The study did not find a significant mediating effect of emotional regulation between social media addiction and procrastination. Conclusions: These findings contribute to understanding the complex dynamics between digital behavior, emotional regulation, and academic procrastination, suggesting the need for targeted interventions that consider age-specific approaches to emotional regulation and social media use in the academic setting.

El artículo realiza una revisión sistemática de las tendencias actuales en las redes de egresados universitarios. El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las tendencias clave en las redes de egresados universitarios. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de 36 artículos seleccionados de bases de datos como Scopus y Google Scholar, utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo. La búsqueda incluyó términos clave como "red de egresados", "gestión de egresados" y "política de egresados", restringiendo los resultados a estudios publicados entre 2022 y 2024 en inglés y español. Los hallazgos revelaron tres dimensiones clave: desafíos y tendencias actuales, empleabilidad y desarrollo profesional, y estrategias de gestión de redes. Se observó que las redes de egresados juegan un papel crucial en el fortalecimiento del vínculo con las instituciones educativas y en la mejora de la inserción laboral. Sin embargo, persisten dificultades en la actualización de competencias y en la adaptación de los egresados a las demandas del mercado laboral. Se recomienda la implementación de estrategias flexibles y adaptables que fortalezcan la conexión entre egresados e instituciones, facilitando el acceso a nuevas oportunidades laborales.

The aim of this study was to compare the compressive strength, microstructural characteristics, and cost-effectiveness of cast dental posts fabricated using two techniques: torch casting (TC) and electric arc casting (EAC), both integral to the lost wax method. Employing an applied research approach with an experimental design, the study analyzed 40 non-precious gold (NPG) alloy cast posts, divided equally into two groups of 20 for each technique. The selection process was non-probabilistic and based on convenience, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure precision and relevance. The results reveal a significant advantage for the EAC technique. In Essay 1, EAC posts exhibited a mean compressive strength of 206.102 MPa, compared to 157.207 MPa for TC posts. Similarly, in Essay 2, EAC posts showed a mean strength of 172.625 MPa versus 136.303 MPa for TC posts. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05), with EAC posts also displaying smaller failure diameters and areas, suggesting better load distribution. Morphological and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous surface with irregular topography in both techniques. However, EAC samples displayed crystalline growths within the copper matrix, indicating a non-homogeneous stoichiometry, while TC samples showed aluminum-enriched zones, suggesting a non-uniform elemental distribution. Chemical composition analysis via energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) identified copper (Cu) as the predominant element in both samples, with trace elements such as aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) also present. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further revealed distinct crystalline phases, with EAC samples exhibiting a higher proportion of Cu₃Zn and gamma-Fe phases compared to TC samples. A cost analysis using Python 3.13 and Monte Carlo simulation with 1,000 iterations revealed that EAC is more expensive, with a total cost per unit of 2.181compared to 1.467 for TC, primarily due to higher operational costs. The Mann-Whitney U test confirmed significant differences in cost distributions (p < 0.001), indicating that EAC has higher and more variable costs. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that EAC produces dental models with significantly higher compressive strength and a more refined microstructure compared to TC, enhancing restoration durability. However, its higher operational costs must be considered. These findings provide valuable information for dental professionals, particularly in low- to middle-income countries, and suggest that future research should explore additional properties such as corrosion resistance and biocompatibility to further validate the clinical applicability of these materials.

Introduction: Obesity and tuberculosis (TB) are two escalating global public health challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that overweight and obesity may be associated with an increased risk of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether overweight and obesity influence the risk and clinical outcomes of MDR-TB. Methods: We systematically searched five databases for studies published from inception through December 31, 2024. Results: Eight observational studies comprising 6,743 TB cases and 5,339 MDR-TB cases met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed that overweight and obesity were associated with a 38% increased risk of MDR-TB (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.14-1.67), with moderate heterogeneity ( I 2 = 78.7%, p < 0.0001). Notably, this association was significant only in studies conducted in Asia (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.49–2.06), suggesting potential racial or regional differences in susceptibility. Due to limited data, we were unable to perform a meta-analysis on other outcomes such as adverse effects of anti-TB treatment, prolonged treatment regimens, or MDR-TB-related mortality. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity may be emerging risk factors for MDR-TB, particularly in Asian populations. These findings highlight the need to consider metabolic and nutritional status in TB control strategies. However, due to study heterogeneity and limited data on clinical outcomes, further high-quality research is essential to confirm these associations and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Case-controlled field studies, ecological implementation field studies, and qualitative or mixed methodology studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of the ICD-11 clinical descriptions and diagnostic requirements (ICD-11 CDDR) for the diagnosis of mental disorders. This systematic review sought to analyze and synthesize the clinical utility indices of these guidelines from the perspectives of mental health professionals (MHPs) and patients from different regions of the world. A systematic search was carried out in five databases Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The relevant studies were subjected to explicit eligibility criteria, resulting in 19 included studies. The study characteristics were tabulated, methodological quality was assessed, and findings were summarized using convergent narrative synthesis. The overall findings indicated that the clinical utility of the ICD-11 CDDR was positive for the majority of studies (78.95%) that analyzed a wide range of mental disorders. Analyses at the level of the disorder groups also revealed the same trend. Almost only qualitative or mixed studies have identified negative aspects or obstacles of this diagnostic system. The clinical utility of the ICD-11 CDDR for the diagnosis of mental disorders is supported. Future research could resolve concerns regarding the isolated negative outcomes of ICD-11 CDDR performance. Finally, it is necessary to expand the scope of the training programs for MHPs and policymakers regarding the use of these guidelines in clinical practice.

In reinforced concrete construction, materials are subjected to high stresses, which can generate deformations and cracks, affecting their performance and functionality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the incorporation of glass fiber (GF) and the combination of GF with steel fiber (SF) on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Standard concrete (SC) and GF mixtures were prepared at doses of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9%, as well as hybrid mixtures of GF with SF at doses of 0.08%, 0.16%, 0.24% and 0.32%. The GF had lengths between 100 and 120 mm, while the SF measured 60 mm. A 1% plasticizer and a water/cement ratio of 0.71 were used. The mechanical properties of the hardened concrete were evaluated at 7, 14 and 28 days in terms of compressive, tensile and flexural strength. The results indicated that the use of GF reduces the workability compared to hybrid mixes but maintains the unit weight and air content within the normative parameters. In addition, 0.3% GF content increased strengths by up to 11%, while the combination of 0.3% GF with 0.32% SF showed improvements of up to 19% in all properties evaluated at 28 days. The combination of GF and SF has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of concrete, allowing its use in various structural applications, such as pavements, slabs, precast elements, columns and beams.

In recent years, the academic research landscape in La Libertad, Peru, has been characterized by a limited and uneven scientific output among institutions and faculty members. Factors such as an excessive workload, insufficient resources, and inadequate training in research methodologies have hindered the development of a robust research culture. Understanding the attitudes of faculty members toward research is crucial for enhancing scientific production within the university setting. The aims of this study were (1) to comparatively analyze faculty’s attitudes toward research in La Libertad, considering their sociodemographic characteristics, and (2) to examine these attitudes across five key dimensions: personal perception, capabilities and training, evaluation, challenges, and collaboration and methodology in research. A sample of 110 university teachers from Chepén, Piura, Trujillo, and Chiclayo participated in a structured questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and comparative analyses were conducted via the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. The results revealed significant differences in attitudes toward research on the basis of gender, age, and teaching experience across various dimensions. Personal perceptions of research varied significantly across all three sociodemographic factors. Research skills and training showed disparities by gender and teaching experience but not by age. The valuation of research differed by gender and teaching experience but not by age. The challenges in research varied by age but not by gender or experience. Collaboration and methodology differed by gender and teaching experience but not by age. This study contributes to our understanding of the research attitudes in higher education by highlighting the complex interplay of sociodemographic factors. These findings have implications for developing personalized professional development strategies and targeted interventions to enhance research skills, improve the valuation of research, and address age-specific challenges in the research process.

Objective This study explored the indirect effects of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness on the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism in university students, also examining the moderating role of preprofessional internship (PI).Methods A cross-sectional predictive study was conducted that explored the relationship of predictor variables with some criterion variable. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey to which 950 students from two private universities responded (M_age=23.2±2.2 years, 52.7% women). Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation and moderation.Results Emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness mediated the relationship between perceived stress and cynicism. Likewise, the implementation of PI moderated both the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion and the relationship between emotional exhaustion and cynicism.Conclusion These findings provide evidence that perceived stress is associated with increased cynicism through symptoms of emotional exhaustion and academic ineffectiveness. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by the completion of PI.

Background/Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a critical social issue, with gender perspectives offering valuable insights into its dynamics. Recent studies suggest that alexithymia, or the inability to identify and express emotions, may play a significant role in exacerbating IPV, especially in peri-urban areas. The general objective of this study was to determine the moderating role of gender in the relationship between alexithymia and intimate partner violence among adults in populated centers in Trujillo in 2024. Methods: A correlational research design with explanatory scope was employed, including moderation analysis. The sample consisted of 108 adults aged 18 to 35 from populated centers. The instruments used included the Intimate Partner Violence Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: Results indicated that, in the alexithymia variable, females predominated with a high level (78%), followed by a medium level (19%). In the intimate partner violence variable, females also predominated, with 48% at a high level and 39% at a medium level. Additionally, a positive, moderate-to-high, and significant correlation (ρ = 0.78, p < 0.001) was found between alexithymia and intimate partner violence. Conclusions: The study concluded that gender does indeed serve as a moderating variable (E = 1.42, p < 0.001) in the relationship between alexithymia and intimate partner violence in adults from populated centers.

This systematic review examines digital transformation in post-pandemic supply chains through a bibliometric analysis of literature from 2020 to 2024. Using the PRISMA protocol, we analyzed publications from Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Results show that sustainability has become the dominant keyword in digital transformation research, with China, the United States, and India forming the main research triangle. The most influential technologies driving transformation are big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things (IoT). Co-citation network analysis revealed three major research clusters: the green cluster led by Gunasekaran and Angappa focusing on supply chain management; the red cluster led by Rahman and Muhammad Saddiq addressing implementation aspects; and the blue cluster led by Calatayud and Rodriguez examining innovation and adaptation. Organizations are shifting from purely operational approaches to more holistic transformations that integrate strategic and organizational dimensions. We identified important research gaps in developing regions and in the integration of emerging technologies with existing systems. This review enhances the understanding of post-pandemic supply chain digitization while providing a framework for future research in this rapidly evolving field.

The structural system is an essential component in engineering and architecture, determining the stability, strength, and functionality of buildings. This study addresses the integration of geophysical data obtained through techniques such as Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), microtremors, and seismic refraction in architectural and structural design, with special attention to its application in expanding urban areas and vulnerable communities. These methods allow for the characterization of the soil’s dynamic properties, identifying critical vibration periods that influence structural behavior, especially in sandy soils near rock outcrops up to 30 m deep. The discrepancy between soil vibration periods and structural periods can induce resonance phenomena, highlighting the need to incorporate geophysical analyses in the design to avoid structural failures. By using adapted equations, the dimensions of load-bearing elements like columns are optimized, considering stiffness, mass, and local seismic conditions. The results obtained through computational tools validate the effectiveness of this approach, ensuring safer and more sustainable designs. This study emphasizes the importance of merging geophysical and dynamic knowledge to optimize structural performance and promote resilience in complex geophysical environments. Incorporating soil vibration analysis not only improves building safety but also contributes to sustainable urban development, especially in regions prone to seismic events.

Introduction: An impacted tooth is one that has not reached the occlusal plane due to a mechanical obstruction, which may include an adjacent tooth, a supernumerary tooth, or an odontoma. Lower third molars are the most frequently impacted teeth, whereas second molars are impacted less often. Currently, diagnostic imaging, such as tomography, is crucial for determining the treatment plan. For the extraction of impacted teeth, a vestibular approach is generally recommended, and for molars, odontectomy prior to tooth luxation and avulsion is advised. Objective: This study was aimed at describing the surgical technique for the flap extraction of an impacted lower second molar in a transverse position with the crown oriented towards the lingual side. Case Presentation: A 17‐year‐old male patient presented with pain in the lower left molar region. Clinical examination revealed the absence of Teeth 37 and 38. Tomographic imaging showed Tooth 37 in a transverse position with the crown oriented lingually and Tooth 38 in a vertical position. Extraction of Tooth 37 was performed using a vestibular approach and odontectomy due to space constraints. Conclusions: Retention of permanent second molars is rarely reported in the literature. It is advisable to apply all possible methods to position these teeth in the occlusal plane to ensure proper masticatory function. However, there are cases where extraction is necessary due to space limitations, and alternative solutions for replacing the lost tooth should be explored.

The present study evaluated the effect of two inoculum concentrations on the degradation of crude oil by Corynebacterium stationis CsPe-1. To this end, two treatment systems were utilized, each containing Davies Minimum Medium, 1% crude oil, and bacterial inoculum at concentrations of 10% and 15%, respectively. The degree of oil biodegradation was determined by evaluating the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the concentration and fractions of oil and grease, and the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The results indicated that both BOD5 and COD exhibited an increase after a 20-day treatment period. For the 10% and 15% inoculum concentrations, a statistically significant difference was observed between the initial and final values of oils and fats (p < 0.05). In both systems, the levels of oils and fats decreased by 61%, contrasting with the control system, which exhibited minimal variation. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the degradation of TPH at the two inoculum concentrations. The findings indicated that the biodegradation of TPH was more efficient with an inoculum of 15%, resulting in a 79.94% reduction in fraction 3 (28–40 carbon chains). Fraction 1 exhibited less degradation, attributable to the toxicity of short-chain n-alkanes. Genomic analysis identified the pcaG and pcaH genes, which have been linked to the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study underscores the biotechnological potential of strain CsPe-1 for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated environments, thereby contributing to the realization of Sustainable Development Goals 14 and 15.

The biceps curl test is easy to apply, does not require expensive equipment, and its short execution time makes it feasible in school settings with limited resources. To verify the reliability of the biceps curl test in children and adolescents and to provide reference values according to chronological age and sex. A total of 1103 schoolchildren aged 6 to 17 years (500 boys and 603 girls) were evaluated. Weight and height were evaluated and Body Mass Index (BMI) and Tri Ponderal Index (TPI) were calculated. The right and left hand biceps curl was evaluated in 30 s. Children aged 6 to 11 years used a 1 kg dumbbell and those aged 12 to 17 years used a 2 kg dumbbell. Percentiles were calculated using the LMS method. The values of the relative Technical Error of Measurement (TEM%) of the biceps curl test of both hands ranged from 0.48 to 2.89%. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) evidenced high values of 0.93 to 0.99. The Bland-Altman plot showed wide limits of agreement (-1.28 to 1.29 rep). These findings demonstrate that the test is reliable and consistent for use in pediatric populations and is suitable for different stages of physical development in school children. The values showed stability and wide limits of agreement. In addition, the proposed percentiles are useful to evaluate and monitor the strength endurance performance of both arms.

This study aims to determine the phytochemical profile of Jatropha humboldtiana ethyl acetate fraction (EAFHJ) using UPLC-MS/MS and evaluate its neuroprotective potential via in vivo model. In vivo behavioral assays including elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test, and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) assay were conducted in mice to evaluate the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured, and acute toxicity studies were performed to determine LD50. Thirty-three compounds were identified in EAFHJ, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins. In the FST, EAFHJ reduced the immobility time to 131.50 ± 3.46 s at 100 mg/kg compared to 139.88 ± 4.58 s in the control group (p < 0.01). In the EPM, the group treated with 200 mg/kg of EAFJH spent 48.14% of the time in the open arms, compared to 31.30% of the control group (p < 0.05). In the PTZ trial, the latency to myoclonic seizures was 3.0 ± 0.5 min at 200 mg/kg of EAFHJ compared with 1.01 ± 0.5 min in the control group (p < 0.05). The LD50 of the EAFJH was greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating low toxicity. Furthermore, a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4) were observed. Thus, it was concluded that Jatropha humboldtiana exhibits a diverse phytochemical profile and promising anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects, likely mediated by a combination of neurotransmitter modulation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Further studies are required to elucidate the precise molecular pathways involved and explore its clinical potential.

This study examines the determinants of the sustainable use of artificial intelligence (AI) among university professors in Peru. This research adopted a quantitative approach through a cross-sectional empirical–explanatory study, employing a structural equation model. Data were collected from 368 professors from eight Peruvian universities using a structured questionnaire that assessed six main constructs: attitude toward AI, prejudice against AI, facilitating conditions, use of AI, teaching concerns, and ethical perception. While the results reveal significant correlational relationships—with attitude toward AI, facilitating conditions, and prejudice against AI showing a significant association with its sustainable use, and the use of AI showing a significant relationship with professors’ ethical perceptions—the cross-sectional nature of this study precludes causal inferences. No significant relationship was found between the use of AI and teaching concerns. Additionally, demographic variables such as gender and age did not exhibit significant moderating effects. These findings contribute to understanding the factors related to the sustainable adoption of AI in higher education and provide valuable insights for the development of effective institutional strategies in the Latin American context.

Objective To determine whether economic factors are crucial in empowering women, guiding them towards growth and development opportunities, achieving empowerment, and contributing to two sustainable development goals of the 2030 development agenda: ending poverty and achieving gender equality. Methodology The research was foundational, with a phenomenological and hermeneutic design. The applied technique was in-depth interviews with 12 women who had started a business within the last five years in a region of Peru. Results It is evident that economic factors are decisive in business experiences and decisions, highlighting the necessity of having contingency funds to prevent operational impacts. Through entrepreneurship, women achieved economic independence, enabling them to support their families and impacting their empowerment. It concludes that to promote economic opportunity equality, addressing financing needs, encouraging economic independence, strengthening family empowerment, improving customer management, and facilitating access to government funds are essential. Conclusions The narrative of the participants provides a solid foundation for designing specific policies and support programs that boost the economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs and encourage their active participation in the business sphere.

We report the capture of several new species of longhorn beetles from Peruvian fauna using synthetic pheromones, syn-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate. A total of seven species of longhorn beetles from the subfamily Lamiinae were captured. These longhorn beetles were distributed into the following tribes and species: Acanthocinini (Hylettus spilotus, Leptostylus sp., Nealcidion emeritum, and Paroecus charpentierae), Acanthoderini (Oreodera bituberculata), Colobotheini (Colobothea osculatii), and Compsosomatini (Aerenea brunnea). All specimens were captured in traps baited with fuscumol, either alone or in blend. Our findings suggest that blends of pheromones containing fuscumol are crucial for monitoring potential invasive species in new agricultural and forestry environments.

Generalized anxiety has significantly increased in the general population during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for rapid screening tools. In this context, the present study analyzed the psychometric properties and internal consistency of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in healthcare workers and the general population in Latin America. A cross-sectional e-health study was conducted, surveying 11,279 Latin Americans online using snowball sampling. The sample included healthcare professionals, hospital populations, community members from various occupations, and university students from six countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, and Peru). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed separately for each country. Additionally, the instrument's internal consistency was evaluated by calculating McDonald's W index and item-total correlations based on the final items. The EFA revealed a unidimen-sional structure comprising the seven items of the instrument, which explained between 62.8% and 66.1% of the variance (KMO = between .900 and .910; p < .000). The CFA confirmed adequate fit indices for each country. The omega index ranged from 0.85 (Peru: CI = 0.800-0.884) to 0.95 (Argentina-Bolivia: CI = 0.901-0.985), and item-total correlations were high, ranging from .642 to .869, demonstrating the instrument's reliability. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the GAD-7 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing generalized anxiety symptoms in the Latin American population.