Central DuPage Hospital

Background The association between hypertension and migraine remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study employ multi-layered evidence chain that revealed the association between hypertension and migraine. Methods We first strictly included data from the NHANES 1999–2004 population and applied logistic regression, subgroup analysis and RCS to assess the correlation between hypertension, SBP, DBP and migraine. Meanwhile, LDSC and Mendelian randomization were conducted based on the GWAS to determine the causal relationship between hypertension and migraine. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary method. Sensitivity analysis and Colocalization analysis were performed to confirm the robustness of the results. LDSC validated the genetic correlation between traits. Enrichment analysis revealed their underlying biological mechanisms. Results After strict inclusion in NHANES, 10,743 participants were included. The logistic regression showed a significant correlation between hypertension (OR = 1.21 [95% CI, 1.08–1.36], FDR < 0.001)、DBP (OR = 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01–1.02], FDR < 0.001) and migraine. This association did not show significant group differences in subgroup. The MR results further supported the existence of a significant causal relationship between hypertension (OR = 1.77 [95% CI, 1.43–2.30], FDR < 0.001)、DBP (OR = 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.03], FDR < 0.001) and migraine onset. Additionally, the RCS analysis showed a linear relationship (P non-linear = 0.897) between the two. The LDSC result showed a significant genetic correlation between the two (Rg = 0.1092, SE = 0.028, P < 0.001). Conclusion The development of migraine caused by hypertension is mainly realized through high DBP.

Objective To determine whether lasers or topical desensitizing agents are more effective in managing dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and methods This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search included MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (WOS), ClinicalTrials.gov databases, and Scopus. Authors, publication year, study design, details of intervention and control groups, sample size, age, sex, follow-up time, assessment scale, mean, and standard deviation were extracted from the included articles. Only randomized controlled trials were evaluated. Only the random effects model was applied due to high heterogeneity (I² > 50%) in all the subgroups. Result 4,480 of 4,455 studies were excluded. Diode lasers and fluorine compounds were the most commonly used treatments. Lasers were superior in the long-term air blast group, though others did not. The medium-term tactile group indicated publication bias. Sensitivity analysis showed that the medium-term air blast group and short—and medium-term tactile groups lacked robustness. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system assessed the quality of evidence as very low. Conclusion It is insufficient to determine which treatment is more effective for managing DH. However, clinicians should recognize that laser irradiation is a feasible and reliable treatment for DH. Future research should focus on standardizing methods and exploring cost-effective laser applications. Clinical relevance DH, a global health issue, requires effective treatment. Lasers and topical desensitizing agents are commonly used in their management, but no definitive conclusion has been reached regarding which is superior.

Wide applications of nanomaterials cause substantial environmental impacts and public concerns over their toxicity when they are intentionally (such as in medicine) or unintentionally (environment exposure) introduced into the human and animals. As a susceptible population, pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to nanoparticle-induced toxicity. However, research in this aspect is still limited and many reported findings are often inconsistent even under the “similar” experimental conditions. Here, we discuss some controversial issues which impeded further progress in this research area. Issues in the discussion are crucial effects of nanoparticles’ true identity in a physical, chemical, or biological context, and the delicate effects of gestational stages during the pregnancy.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) combined with coaxial needle biopsy performed in different sequences for treating lung nodules with signs of malignancy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 patients (56 lesions) with lung nodules treated with MWA and coaxial needle biopsy between January 2020 and March 2024. Patients were divided into Group A (post-MWA biopsy; 26 patients, 29 lesions) and Group B (pre-MWA biopsy; 25 patients, 27 lesions). Ablation parameters, postoperative complications, prognosis, and pathological diagnosis rates were compared between groups. Patients with malignant pathology findings from both groups (Group C) were analyzed for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Technical success for needle biopsy and MWA was 100%. Pneumothorax incidence was 24.14% (7/29) in Group A and 33.33% (9/27) in Group B (p = 0.447). Intrapulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 13.79% (4/29) of Group A patients and 37.04% (10/27) of Group B of patients, showing a significantly higher rate in Group B (p = 0.026). The pathological diagnosis rate was 100% in both the groups, with malignancy rates of 72.41% (21/29) in Group A and 81.48% (22/27) in Group B (p = 0.422). For Group C, the 1–3-year OS rates were 100.00%, 93.75%, and 75.00%, respectively, and the corresponding PFS rates were 97.50%, 84.38%, and 60.00%. Conclusions Biopsy post-MWA maintains pathological diagnostic accuracy while significantly reducing the incidence of intrapulmonary hemorrhage compared to pre-MWA biopsy.

Numerous studies have shown zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) inducing zebrafish embryotoxicity. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of published data, the relationship between exposure dose and their toxicity is confounded. In this study, we present a rigorous approach for extracting and analyzing pertinent knowledge from the originally published evidence on embryotoxicity of ZnO NPs. The available 17 studies were determined by random effects model of meta-analysis. After exposure dose subgroup analysis from 0.5 to 50 mg/L, we found that ZnO NPs decreased the hatching rate of zebrafish embryo at lower dose of 0.5 mg/L (standardized mean difference (SMD) = − 2.20, 95% CI = [− 3.71, − 0.68]). Moreover, we summarized the potential mechanisms of ZnO NP-induced embryotoxicity and found that particle form or released Zn ions form nanoparticles entered into embryo and induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Our results help people get to know more about nano-embryotoxicity and provide a criterion for future studies to develop nanoparticles that are safe by design.

Background The effect of insulin resistance (IR) on epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate how early-stage IR influences EAT, contributing to myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction in non-diabetic patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 166 hypertensive patients who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) treatment at two medical centers in China from June 2015 to August 2024 were included. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was calculated, cardiac MRI parameters and EAT were measured. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median TyG. Binary logistic regression model, subgroup analysis and causal mediation analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between EAT, TyG and CMR parameters. Thirty healthy volunteers served as the control group. Results The high TyG group exhibited greater EAT volume, higher Native T1, and increased ECV (All P < 0.001) compared to the low TyG group. Additionally, significant differences were observed in GRS (P = 0.025), GLS (P = 0.015), and GCS (P = 0.048). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that TyG and indexed EAT volume were independently associated with high ECV value (TyG: OR 2.808, p = 0.002;indexed EAT volume: OR 1.038, p = 0.002), with results remaining stable after adjusting for confounding factors. Mediation analysis showed that even after adjusting for confounding factors, EAT continued to play a role in TyG-mediated ECV (indirect effect: 0.8844, [95% CI 0.4539–1.3666]). Conclusions IR in non-diabetic individuals at an early stage may change the physiological function of EAT and lead to the onset of myocardial fibrosis. Addressing IR early on could potentially improve the physiological function of EAT. Graphical Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global public health concern. The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is increasing; however, comprehensive data on its epidemiological and clinical characteristics remain limited, especially among populations who are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of EPTB in patients co-infected with HIV or HCV in Egypt. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients infected with TB who are treated in Egyptian chest hospitals from January 1 to December 31, 2023. Patients were categorized into pulmonary TB (PTB) and EPTB. Clinical data, including HIV or HCV co-infection status, were analyzed to identify risk factors and comorbidities associated with EPTB. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to examine predictors of EPTB. Among 7,245 TB patients, 42.5% were diagnosed with EPTB. Determinant of EPTB were HIV-positive (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.30–0.71, p < 0.001), being male (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.27–0.35, p < 0.001 ), age (particularly children under 5 years) (OR = 4.75, 95% CI: 2.29–9.84, p < 0.001 ), urban residency (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.87–1.27, p < 0.05), and comorbidities (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–0.98, p < 0.05). The most common sites for EPTB were the lymph nodes (27.10%) and pleural cavity/effusion (24.60%). EPTB represents a substantial proportion of TB cases in Egypt, particularly among younger individuals and females. Despite the low percentage of HIV or HCV co-infection in EPTB cases, further analysis and diagnostic testing of undiagnosed patients are required. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive care models for TB patients, especially in the context of HIV co-infection.

IMPDH2 is a rate‐limiting enzyme in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. It plays diverse roles in various physiological and pathological processes: nucleotide metabolism, inflammation, immune function, ribosomal stress. Structural or regulatory alterations in IMPDH2 are linked to significant health issues, and critical relevance in disease progression. We aim to underscore the potential of IMPDH2 as a promising therapeutic target for clinical applications. image

Background Maintaining a high participation rate is crucial for effective colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The COVID‐19 pandemic placed a significant burden on healthcare facilities, which hindered CRC screening efforts. However, the effects of the prolonged pandemic on CRC screening remain unclear. Methods We analyzed data from the Japan COVID‐19 and Society Internet Survey in September 2021 and 2022 to examine CRC screening participation over the past year. We also evaluated the association between CRC screening participation in 2022 and the participation status, future screening intentions, background characteristics, and anxiety about COVID‐19 measured using the fear of coronavirus disease 2019 scale (FVC‐19S) from the 2021 survey.. Results Of the 13,261 respondents, 40.5% reported undergoing CRC screening in 2021, while 48.7% did so in 2022. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis showed that significant factors associated with CRC screening participation in 2022 included being male (adjusted incidence risk ratio [aIRR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.00–1.14, p = 0.026), age in the 40s (aIRR 0.89, 95% CI; 0.81–0.97, p = 0.012) and 50s (aIRR 0.89, 95% CI; 0.82–0.98, p = 0.011), being unmarried (aIRR 0.88, 95% CI; 0.82–0.95, p = 0.001), and employment status such as self‐employed (aIRR 0.86, 95% CI; 0.76–0.97, p = 0.012) or unemployed (aIRR 0.86, 95% CI; 0.81–0.92, p < 0.01). Having an FVC‐19S score below 21 was also a factor (aIRR 0.95, 95% CI; 0.90–1.00, p = 0.032). Conclusions Although CRC screening rates increased from 2021 to 2022, a significant proportion of respondents still reported not undergoing screening, highlighting the importance of assessing the long‐term impact of COVID‐19 and identifying factors that make screening less accessible.

Importance Tirofiban is a nonpeptide antagonist of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor that inhibits platelet aggregation selectively. Despite widespread use in acute ischemic stroke in conjunction with endovascular treatment, the role of tirofiban is uncertain. Objective To assess whether intravenous tirofiban initiated before endovascular thrombectomy improves thrombectomy outcomes by achieving first-pass recanalization without intracranial hemorrhagic risk. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a multicenter, prospective, open-label, blinded, end point phase 2 randomized clinical trial that enrolled patients from 7 Chinese hospital stroke centers between April 30, 2021, and July 16, 2023. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 85 years with large vessel occlusion (internal carotid artery or M1 or M2 segment of middle cerebral artery) and were considered for endovascular thrombectomy within 24 hours of ischemic stroke onset or last known well time. Patients with a history of atrial fibrillation or treated with intravenous thrombolysis were excluded. Intervention Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to intravenous tirofiban (10 μg/kg bolus plus 0.1 μg/kg per minute infusion for 24 hours) or standard care before endovascular thrombectomy using a web-based, computer-generated randomization procedure. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving first-pass recanalization without symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. First-pass recanalization was assessed by reviewers blinded to treatment allocation and predefined as successful recanalization of a targeted vessel after a single pass of thrombectomy. The primary outcome was analyzed by modified Poisson regression with robust error estimation, adjusting for time from onset or last known well time to randomization and vessel occlusion site. Results Among 200 patients randomized (median age, 66 years [IQR, 58-72 years]; 146 male [73%]), 102 were allocated to receive intravenous tirofiban, and 98 were allocated to receive standard care before endovascular thrombectomy. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 64 of 99 patients receiving tirofiban (65%) and 46 of 95 control patients (48%) achieved the primary outcome of first-pass recanalization without symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted risk ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.04-1.73]; P = .03). Incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 0% (0 of 101 patients) in the tirofiban group vs 6% (6 of 98 patients) in the control group (unadjusted risk difference, −0.06 [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.01]). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of patients who had acute ischemic stroke with no history of atrial fibrillation and no prior intravenous thrombolysis, intravenous tirofiban administered before endovascular thrombectomy increased the likelihood of first-pass recanalization without symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. These findings suggest that neurointerventionalists may consider this pre-procedure antiplatelet treatment to facilitate endovascular thrombectomy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04851457

Background In orthopedics clinic, patellofemoral arthrosis is a special type of osteoarthritis and yet the surgical methods are still debatable. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 94 patients with knee patellofemoral arthrosis who were underwent knee arthroscopic exploration and debridement only or underwent arthroscopic release of the lateral patellar retinaculum at the same time. LPFA, PTA, PSA as well as WOMAC, Lysholm, Kujala and VAS scores were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes between two groups. Results All patients were followed up for more than one year. The LPFA and PTA were improved after surgeries. The postoperative Lysholm and Kujala scores of both groups were higher and the postoperative WOMAC and VAS scores were lower than those of preoperatively. There was no significant difference between two groups at 6 months, while at 12 months, observation group were better than those of control group. Conclusions Arthroscopic release of lateral patellar retinaculum is effective in the treatment of patellofemoral arthrosis.

Objective To evaluate the impact of preoperative pleural effusion on the ultrasound visualization of the paravertebral space (PVS), thoracic paravertebral nerve block administered by anesthesiologists, and to investigate whether ultrasound combined with pressure guidance can assist in locating the paravertebral space in patients with pleural effusion. Methods This prospective observational study enrolled patients undergoing thoracic surgery at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between September 2021 and September 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups based on preoperative CT findings: the pleural effusion group (n = 40) and the non-pleural effusion group (n = 40). Prior to the induction of general anesthesia, all patients were placed in a lateral position. Thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) was administered using ultrasound guidance combined with pressure monitoring, with a 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine. Results Parameters recorded included the duration of puncture and ultrasound pre-scan for TPVB, the ultrasound image definition score of the PVS, the pressure in the external intercostal muscle and PVS, and additional relevant indicators. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before anesthesia induction, post-induction, and during skin incision. Compared to the non-pleural effusion group, the pleural effusion group demonstrated prolonged ultrasound pre-scan and puncture durations. The PVS definition score, the ventral displacement of the pleura, and the accuracy of resident anesthesiologists in identifying the PVS were all significantly lower in the pleural effusion group (p < 0.05). Compared to non-pleural effusion group, the pleural effusion group had significantly higher pressure in PVS. In the pleural effusion group, the pressure in PVS was significantly lower than that in external intercostal muscle (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in MAP and HR between the two groups before anesthesia induction, post-induction and during skin incision (p > 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative pleural effusion is associated with reduced clarity of ultrasound visualization of the PVS, and extended procedural durations for anesthesiologists, thereby increasing the complexity of TPVB. Pressure detection during TPVB implementation can assist in locating the position of the puncture needle. For anesthesiologists with less experience, TPVB should be carefully performed in patients with preoperative pleural effusion. Trial registration The trial was prospectively registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under registration number ChiCTR2100050582, on August 30, 2021.

Introduction Neonatal sepsis is a key contributor to neonatal mortality worldwide, and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are disproportionately affected. With antimicrobial resistance challenging effective treatment of neonatal sepsis, it is increasingly urgent to improve infection prevention and control (IPC) in LMIC neonatal units (NNU) and reduce transmission of infections. One pathway to improvement which merits further exploration is the collaboration with families to build an IPC intervention. Families are constantly present on neonatal units, and much of the hands-on care for their newborns is given by them. For IPC to be effective, families must adhere to IPC standards within the NNU, but furthermore, any IPC intervention implemented must be feasible and acceptable for families as well as the hospital staff as this will increase uptake and effectiveness of the intervention. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of parental involvement in infection prevention and control in low- and middle-income setting neonatal units. Methods and analysis This protocol was developed in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. Searches will be carried out on six databases (Medline, CINAHL, Global Health, EMBASE, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus), and reference searching will be carried out on included studies. The search will be carried out from 2000 to present (end date 28/02/2024), and included languages will be English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers, with a third reviewer to resolve conflicts. Results will be reported by narrative synthesis of each sub-question in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Ethics and dissemination This study will be carried out using already published data exclusively and therefore does not require further ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations and through engagement with peers and relevant stakeholders. Trial registration number Registered with Open Science Framework - https://osf.io/snc7a/?view_only=8ffc39d837594b4388c7394a838c3a9e

Background Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) constitutes a serious source of global healthcare-associated infections, and the exploration of its resistance mechanism represents an important approach to address this issue. Because current research on antibiotic resistance predominantly focuses on multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa which is widely isolated clinically and the resistance mechanism is complicated. CRPA generally has a higher tolerance to other antibiotics than carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa, yet the specific mechanism of resistance remains poorly understood. Results This study delves into the specific antibiotic resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistance-only P. aeruginosa (CROPA), a rare kind of pathogen that shows resistance exclusively to carbapenem antibiotics. We collected 11 clinical isolates of CROPA, performed genome sequencing. Our analysis revealed numerous amino acid mutations and premature termination of OprD expression in the CROPA strains. The insertion of IS256 element into OprD in P. aeruginosa was a novel finding. Validation via qPCR and SDS-PAGE affirmed diminished OprD expression levels. Interestingly, common carbapenemases were not detected in our study, and there was no observed upregulation of relevant efflux pumps. The expression of wild-type OprD in CROPA strains restored the sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics. Conclusions Compared with previous studies on MDR-CRPA, the emergence of CROPA may be directly linked to changes in OprD, while other resistance mechanisms could contribute to broader antibiotic resistance profiles. By focusing on the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CROPA, this study illuminates the relationship between specific antibiotic resistance mechanisms and antibiotic resistance, providing a theoretical foundation for guiding clinical treatment and developing novel anti-infective agents.

Background Limited data are available about the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) among women undergoing cervical cancer screening in Mozambique. We describe the prevalence of high-risk HPV risk groups detected in women who participated in the MULHER Study, a prospective trial of Mozambican women undergoing cervical cancer screening with HPV testing. Methods From January 2020 to January 2023, 9,014 women aged 30–49 years in Maputo City and Gaza Province, Mozambique underwent cervical cancer screening. Cervicovaginal samples were self-collected (97.5%) or provider-collected (2.5%) and primary HPV testing was performed using the GeneXpert HPV testing platform (Cepheid Inc, USA) which provided data on HR-HPV risk groups: HPV16, HPV18/45 and 11 other HR-HPV types in aggregate. Women with a positive HR-HPV test underwent visual assessment using dilute acetic acid applied to the cervix for treatment decisions. Results Of the 9,014 women enrolled in the MULHER Study, 8,954 (99.3%) had a valid HPV test result. Of those, 2,805 (31.3%) tested positive for at least one HR-HPV group: HPV16 (n = 475, 16.9%), HPV18/45 (n = 686, 24.6%) and other HR-HPV (n = 2,150, 77.1%). A total of 17.8% were positive for multiple HPV HR groups. HR-HPV infection prevalence was higher among women living with HIV (WLWH) than HIV-negative women (39.7% vs. 24.3% respectively; p < 0.001). WLWH were more likely to test positive for HPV18/45 (p = 0.03) and for two or more HR-HPV risk groups (P < 0.0001) compared with HIV-negative women. HPV16 was the most frequently detected HR-HPV group (56.7%) among women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer. Conclusions HR-HPV prevalence was high among Mozambican women aged 30–49 years, especially among WLWH, consistent with the high burden of cervical cancer in this population. HPV16 was the most common HR-HPV group among women with cervical cancer. Further study is needed to determine the role of HR-HPV genotyping in follow-up and treatment in Mozambique.

Clinical risk scores, such as Thompson score, are useful alternatives to identify neonatal encephalopathy in low-resource settings where adequate training and equipment are often unavailable. An understanding of the clinical predictors of abnormally high Thompson score values would be beneficial to identify term neonates with suspected neonatal encephalopathy. A scoping review was conducted to identify a set of a priori neonatal and maternal variables associated with neonatal encephalopathy. Next, a prospective study of all term neonates admitted to Sally Mugabe Central Hospital in Zimbabwe between October 2020 and December 2022 was conducted to develop a predictive statistical model of abnormal (> 10) Thompson score. In total 45 articles were identified from searching Medline, Scopus and Web of Science and 10 articles were selected. Five studies were conducted in countries in Asia and five in Africa. Of 6,054 neonates who met the inclusion criteria, 4.06% (n = 246) had an abnormal Thompson score at admission with a case fatality rate of 589 per 1000 admissions. Among these neonates, 90.65% (n = 223) had a low Apgar score (p < 0.001). 40 candidate predictors were identified, of which 20 predictors were selected as the most important. Six risk factors were predictive of neonates at risk of abnormal Thompson score, including low neonatal heart rate (aOR = 0.97), temperature lower than 36.5 °C (aOR = 2.24), head swelling (aOR = 2.19), other maternal risk factors of sepsis excluding offensive liquor and premature rupture of membranes (aOR = 1.97), meconium-stained umbilicus (aOR = 1.79), and not crying at birth (aOR = 2.58). These identified risk factors should be prioritised before conducting a Thompson score assessment in resource-poor settings, and local clinical guidelines should incorporate these into the clinical management of at-risk neonates.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes demyelination within the central nervous system, typically manifesting as symptoms of optic neuritis and myelitis. We report the case of a 92-year-old patient with NMOSD who was admitted to our hospital; hers is currently the oldest reported case of NMOSD globally. The onset occurred after COVID-19 vaccination, and the patient responded well to treatment with satralizumab.

The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by inducing neuronal cell injury. This study investigated the specific functions of ubiquitin-specific protease 1-associated factor 1 (UAF1) in mediating the neurotoxic effects triggered on Aβ. To model AD-related neuronal injury in vitro and in vitro, SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Aβ25-35 and APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were utilized. Compared with control mice, UAF1 levels were significantly elevated in the hippocampus of experimental mice. In vitro experiments showed that UAF1 knockdown reduced Aβ-induced apoptosis and enhanced cell viability. Furthermore, UAF1 knockdown markedly suppressed Aβ25-35 -induced pyroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-18 through the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/Gasdermin D pathway. Mechanistic analyses revealed that UAF1 directly binds to NLRP3 to mediate its effects. In vivo, UAF1 knockdown mitigated cognitive deficits, decreased APP expression, Aβ plaque deposition, and reduced hyperphosphorylated Tau levels. These findings underscore the critical role of UAF1 in regulating neuronal apoptosis and pyroptosis, thereby highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for AD.

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease closely associated with synovial tissue inflammation, with the severity of synovitis impacting disease progression. m7G RNA methylation is critical in RNA processing, metabolism, and function, but its role in OA synovial tissue is not well understood. This study explores the relationship between m7G methylation and immune infiltration in OA. Methods Data were obtained from the GEO database. Hub genes related to m7G were identified using differential expression and LASSO-Cox regression analysis, and a diagnostic model was developed. Functional enrichment, drug target prediction, and target gene-related miRNA prediction were performed for these genes. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and unsupervised clustering analysis was conducted to examine immune infiltration patterns. RT-qPCR was used to validate hub gene expression. Results Seven m7G hub genes (SNUPN, RNMT, NUDT1, LSM1, LARP1, CYFIP2, and CYFIP1) were identified and used to develop a nomogram for OA risk prediction. Functional enrichment indicated involvement in mRNA metabolism and RNA transport. Differences in macrophage and T-cell infiltration were observed between OA and normal groups. Two distinct m7G immune infiltration patterns were identified, with significant microenvironment differences between clusters. RT-qPCR confirmed differential hub gene expression. Conclusion A diagnostic model based on seven m7G hub genes was developed, highlighting these genes as potential biomarkers and significant players in OA pathogenesis.