Central China Normal University

Background Physical activity plays a crucial role in promoting health, notably in mitigating anxiety symptoms. However, limited research has explored how different intensities of physical activity uniquely influence anxiety. This study investigated the dose‒response relationship between Chinese adolescents’ 24-h activity behavior and anxiety symptoms using compositional data analysis (CoDA). Methods The temporal distribution of 24-h activity behaviors of 176 adolescents was objectively measured by accelerometers, and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Data were analyzed using CoDA and the isotemporal substitution model to statistically modify the intensity and duration of exercise in predicting anxiety. Results Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but not light physical activity (LPA), was negatively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms; SB, SP and anxiety symptoms were positively inter-correlated. Isotemporal substitution analyses indicated that replacing 15 min of other activities with MVPA, or substituting SB with LPA, reduced anxiety symptom levels; conversely, the opposite substitutions increased it. Dose-effect analysis showed that the reallocation between LPA and SB had an equivalent but opposite impact on anxiety symptom levels. Meanwhile, When replacing other activities with MVPA, anxiety levels decreased slowly; when MVPA was replaced by other activities, anxiety levels increased rapidly. Conclusion MVPA is a key factor in alleviating anxiety symptoms, but it is essential to consider adolescents’ 24-h activity behaviors holistically. The primary goal should be to maintain existing levels of MVPA while reasonably promoting the replacement of SB with MVPA, thereby enhancing adolescents’ physical and mental health.

The activity of the CDK4/6-Cyclin D1 complex, which represents a fundamental component of the cell cycle regulatory mechanism, is linked to many cancers. The synergistic action of P21/P27 is crucial...

With the evolving advancements and transformative innovations in contemporary technology, the integration of information and communication technology into the workplace has become widespread. However, the integration of information and communication technology into workplaces is not devoid of challenges. A significant concern emerging from this integration is the propensity for employees to engage in cyberloafing behaviors. There were two contrasting perspectives regarding the relationship between workload and cyberloafing of employees—workload can either prompt or discourage cyberloafing behaviors of employees. Drawing upon activation theory, we propose the existence of a curvilinear relationship between workload and cyberloafing. To support this claim, we analyze survey data from 322 employees, which reveal a curvilinear relationship between workload and cyberloafing. Additionally, we explore the moderating effects of time management skills and social norms in the relationship between workload and cyberloafing based on the theory of planned behavior. Our findings indicate that the strength of the curvilinear relationship diminished among employees with higher time management skills and social norms. These findings have important implications for reducing employees’ cyberloafing in organizational settings.

A bstract We calculate the temperature dependence of bottomonium correlators in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with the aim to constrain in-medium properties of bottomonia at high temperature. The lattice calculations are performed using HISQ action with physical strange quark mass and light quark masses twenty times smaller than the strange quark mass at two lattice spacings a = 0 . 0493 fm and 0 . 0602 fm, and temporal extents N τ = 16 − 30, corresponding to the temperatures T = 133 − 250 MeV. We use a tadpole-improved NRQCD action including spin-dependent v ⁶ corrections for the heavy quarks and extended meson operators in order to be sensitive to in-medium properties of the bottomonium states of interest. We find that within estimated errors the bottomonium masses do not change compared to their vacuum values for all temperatures under our consideration; however, we find different nonzero widths for the various bottomonium states.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12-week periodized core training on the physical fitness of college table tennis players. Methods A randomized controlled experimental design was employed, and 18 college table tennis players (male = 11, female = 7) were randomly assigned to the core training group (CT, n = 9) and the control group (CON, n = 9). The core training group performed periodized core training for 12 weeks. All variables were assessed at three time points: pre-test, mid-test (after 9 weeks), and post-test. Results Significant interactions were found between time and group for muscle endurance, balance, and agility, as demonstrated in Left Side Bridge (p < 0.05), Right Side Bridge (p < 0.001), Plank (p < 0.01), and Edgren Side Step (p < 0.001). However, no significant interactions were observed for speed, muscle strength, or power. Conclusion Periodized core training has a positive effect on the muscle endurance, agility, and balance of college table tennis players. The improvement in agility may be attributed to the integration of sport-specific periodized training. Further research is required to examine its effects on speed and anaerobic capacity. Periodized core training appears to have limited effects on strength and power, suggesting it can be used as a supplementary element within a comprehensive training program to enhance physical fitness and performance among college table tennis players.

In a graph G, the normal k-edge coloring $\sigma$ is defined as the conventional edge coloring of G using the color set $\left[ k \right] =\left\{ 1,2,\cdots ,k \right\}$. If the condition $S\left( u \right) \ne S\left( v \right)$ holds for any edge $uv\in E\left( G \right)$, where $S\left( u \right) =\sum \nolimits _{uv\in E\left( G \right) }{\sigma \left( uv \right) }$, then $\sigma$ is termed a neighbor sum distinguishable k-edge coloring of the graph G, abbreviated as k-VSDEC. The minimum number of colors k needed for this type of coloring is referred to as the neighbor sum distinguishable edge chromatic number of G , represented as $\chi '_{\varSigma }(G)$. This paper examines neighbor sum distinguishable k-edge colorings in the joint graphs of an h-order path ${{P}_{h}}$ and an $\left( z+1 \right)$-order star ${{S}_{z}}$, providing exact values for their neighboring and distinguishable edge coloring numbers, which are either $\varDelta$ or $\varDelta +1$.

Rearrangement reactions are generally considered to be a rapid and synergistic intramolecular reconstructing process that is insensitive to intermolecular intruders. We report that α-iminol rearrangements could be strategically redirected by the interception of Petasis reactions, in the context of being avoided by strong electron-withdrawing groups on the migrative aryl units. 1,4-Aryl migration prevails over 1,2-aryl migration via forming a boron-ate complex. By leveraging this reactivity, we developed a regiospecific synthesis of unsymmetrically 2,3-diaryl substituted indoles from three readily available feedstocks: an amine, an arylglyoxal, and a boronic acid. While traditional Petasis reactions with similar three-component inputs are typically applied to build C(sp³)-C(sp²) and C(sp³)-C(sp³) bonds, the present transformation offers a special opportunity for constructing a C(sp²)-C(sp²) linkage. Highly substituted indole motifs with structural diversity in the C2 position are easily accessed by this three-component reaction. A mechanism containing a copper-cobalt collaborative promotion process was suggested.

Problem-solving strategies are crucial in learning programming. Owing to their hidden nature, traditional methods such as interviews and questionnaires cannot reflect the details and differences of problem-solving strategies in programming. This study uses the Hidden Markov Model to detect and compare the problem-solving strategies of different groups in an interactive programming environment. The results suggest that high- and low-performance students have significant differences in their problem-solving strategies in programming. High-performance students had more “blank behaviors” in programming than low-performance students in video recordings. Low-performance students spent more time “searching teaching materials” than high-performance students. In the transfer task, high-performance students began the task by “identifying the problem,” while low-performance students were involved in the “implementing of strategies.” Additionally, high- and low-performance students improved from basic to transfer tasks. These findings shed light on why students performed differently in programming and how and when teachers needed to provide instructions to students in programming education.

Two novel tetraphenylethylene-functionalized carbazole-based gold(Ι) complexes with phosphino-type auxiliary ligands are ingeniously designed and prepared. Significantly, this is the first time that two newly developed gold(Ι) complexes possessing phosphino ligands...

Synchronization phenomenon is of broad interest in various subjects and has received increasing attention, especially in the context of multiplex networks that have been proposed and widely used to study physiological functions related to the brain. For a multiplex neuron network coupled by electrical synapses, this paper shows how the classical master stability function (MSF) framework used for analyzing synchronization of a single network can be extended and applied to the synchronization analysis of multiplex networks. The results demonstrate that the proposed multiplex MSF framework can accurately predict the inter-layer, intra-layer, and complete synchronization regions of the network. More interestingly, by utilizing the partitioning of the synchronization regions obtained through this framework, we achieve effective control over the cluster synchronization structure. By selecting parameter points located in different synchronization regions, the cluster structure can be adapted to enable controlled transitions between a large number of small-scale clusters and a small number of large-scale clusters. In addition, we find that the synchronization region of the network is extremely sensitive to external driving, and small changes in the amplitude and frequency of the driving can significantly affect the synchronization. This research provides strong support for the analysis of synchronization phenomena in neuroscience and the design and optimization of multiplex networks.

A bstract Lepton flavor universality violations in semileptonic b → c transitions have garnered attention over a decade. For ${R}_{{H}_{c}}={\text{BR}}\left({H}_{b}\to {H}_{c}\tau {\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }\right)/{\text{BR}}\left({H}_{b}\to {H}_{c}{\ell}{\overline{\nu }}_{{\ell}}\right)$ with ℓ being e, μ , a sum rule among R D , ${R}_{{D}^{*}}$ and R Λ c was proposed to check consistency in the experimental results independently of new physics models. We revisit this relation from the perspective of the heavy quark symmetry. We derive a sum rule holding exactly in the heavy quark limit and clarify how model-dependent corrections are introduced in a realistic situation.

Smallpox is a highly contagious and ancient disease influenced by natural and social factors. These factors led to the wide spread of smallpox in Hubei Province of China during the historical period. We conducted the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of smallpox epidemics and their formation mechanism in Hubei Province of China during 1488–1949. Based on epidemic history and environmental data, we used M-K test, wavelet analysis, spatial autocorrelation model, epidemic center of gravity model and geographically weighted regression models.In terms of temporal changes, the earliest smallpox in Hubei Province can be traced to the Ming Dynasty. Smallpox epidemics in the Republic of China showed fluctuating and changing trends; in 1939, incidences of smallpox grew abruptly. Smallpox epidemics in the Republic of China occurred on a fluctuating cycle of two time scales: 8 years and 18 years. The epidemic season was mainly spring and summer.Smallpox epidemics in Hubei Province had a wide spatial scope and exhibited spreading and diffusion characteristics; three towns of Wuhan, Suixian and Yichang were the centers of the epidemics. Smallpox epidemics exhibited significant spatial concentrations; high concentration areas occurred mainly in Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang. The center of gravity of the epidemics exhibited a small swing from east to west and gradually shifted to the west.River networks, road networks, wars and other factors promoted smallpox epidemics; river networks and war factors were significant in eastern Hubei Province; road network factors were significant in southern Hubei Province; and droughts somewhat inhibited smallpox epidemics in western Hubei Province. Temperature fluctuations, droughts and floods, and war outbreaks played dominant roles in the temporal characteristics of smallpox epidemics in Hubei Province, and topography, population distribution and population movement played dominant roles in the spatial distribution pattern of smallpox epidemics in Hubei Province. We must establish and improve an epidemic monitoring and early warning system, pay attention to key areas, strengthen inspection and quarantine, stockpile smallpox vaccines, develop therapeutic drugs, and strengthen prevention of bioterrorism. Our study revealed how smallpox spreads in terms of both spatial and temporal patterns and mechanisms, and based on this, we can propose preventive and control measures against smallpox reemergence and its similar viruses.

Archeological line drawings are essential in archeological research, providing visual representations of artifact morphology and precise geometric measurements. Traditionally, these drawings were meticulously created by hand, a process that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents an algorithm for extracting feature lines from sculpture point cloud, enabling the automated generation of archeological line drawings. The method introduces a weighted centroid-based geometric metric to identify surface feature points and classify them based on their concavity or convexity. An iterative refinement process is then applied to ensure that feature points align correctly along the feature lines, and boundary points are extracted using an angular criterion. Finally, an enhanced curve-growing algorithm connects the feature and boundary points, producing a 3D line drawing. Experiments conducted on various stone sculptures demonstrate the practicality and accuracy of the proposed approach, with results showing significant improvements over existing methods.

In this paper, we consider complex-valued solutions of the planar Schrödinger–Newton system, which can be described by minimizers of the constraint minimization problem. It is shown that there exists a critical rotational velocity $0<\Omega ^*\le \infty$, depending on the general trapping potential V(x), such that for any rotational velocity $0\le \Omega <\Omega ^*$, minimizers exist if and only if $0<a<a^*:=\Vert Q\Vert _{2}^{2}$, where $Q>0$ is the unique positive solution of $-\Delta u+u-u^3=0$ in ${\mathbb {R}}^2$. Moreover, under some suitable assumptions on V(x), applying blow-up analysis and energy estimates, we present a detailed analysis on the concentration behavior of minimizers as $a\nearrow a^*$.

Emotion recognition in conversations has recently emerged as a hot research topic owing to its increasingly important role in developing intelligent empathy services. Thoroughly exploring the conversational context and accurately capturing emotion-shift information are highly crucial for accurate emotion recognition in conversations. However, existing studies generally failed to fully understand the complex conversational context due to their insufficient capabilities in extracting and integrating emotional cues. Moreover, they mainly focused on the speaker’s emotion inertia while paying less attention to explore multi-perspective emotion-shift patterns. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel multimodal approach, namely, GAT-CRESA (Graph ATtention based on Contextual Reasoning and Emotion-Shift Awareness). Specifically, the multi-turn global contextual reasoning module iteratively performs contextual perception and cognitive reasoning for efficiently understanding the global conversational context. Then, GAT-CRESA explores emotion-shift information among utterances from both the speaker-dependent and the global context-based perspectives. Next, the emotion-shift awareness graphs are constructed for extracting significant local-level conversational context, where edge relations are determined by the learnt emotion-shift labels. Finally, the outputs of graphs are concatenated for final emotion recognition. The loss of emotion prediction task is combined together with those of two perspective’s emotion-shift learning for guiding the training process. Experimental results show that our GAT-CRESA achieves new state-of-art records with 72.77% ACC and 72.81% wa-F1 on IEMOCAP, and 65.44% ACC and 65.04% wa-F1 on MELD, respectively. The ablation results also indicate the effectiveness and rationality of each component in our approach.

Soil quality is fundamental to nutrient-rich food production and the sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. However, inappropriate agricultural practices often lead to persistent soil exposure to air and sunlight, which increases soil organic matter losses and erosion risks, particularly under climate extremes. Here, we provide a satellite-based mapping of daily soil exposure occurrence across global croplands from 2001 to 2022 and evaluate the associated degradation risks caused by extreme climate events. We find that while 57% of global croplands experienced a reduction in soil exposure duration in the past two decades, 86% are increasingly subjected to climate extremes. The areas exposed to increasing climate extremes tend to have higher soil organic carbon levels, indicating an intensified degradation risk of global nutrient-rich cropland soils. Our study offers spatio-temporally explicit insights into global cropland soil exposure and its vulnerability to climate extremes, providing evidence to support improvements in sustainable agriculture practices.