Recent publications
- Atharva Yeola
- Matthew R. Allen
- Nimit Desai
- [...]
- John W. Ayers
Importance
The US Supreme Court decision Murphy v National Collegiate Athletic Association allowed states beyond Nevada to legalize sports betting, including online wagers. How sports betting has evolved and its association with gambling harms has not been studied.
Objective
To describe how US sports betting evolved after Murphy v National Collegiate Athletic Association and offer insights into the potential health effects of sportsbooks, which are platforms for wagering on sporting events.
Exposure
Enactment of (1) Murphy v National Collegiate Athletic Association nationally and (2) the opening of retail or online sportsbooks in states.
Design, Setting, and Participants
In this longitudinal study, aggregate US internet search trends for gambling addiction and wagers on sports were described before and after the emergence of legalized sportsbooks.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Internet searches per 10 million queries that mentioned gambling and addiction , addic t, anonymous , or hotline (such as gambling addiction hotline ) made to Google from January 1, 2016, through June 30, 2024.
Results
The number of states with operational sportsbooks increased from 1 during 2017 to 38 during 2024. Total sports wagers increased from 121.1 billion during 2023, with 94% of wagers during 2023 being placed online. There were 23% (95% CI, 15%-30%) more searches nationally for gambling addiction help-seeking after Murphy v National Collegiate Athletic Association . Massachusetts (47%; 95% CI, 21%-79%), New Jersey (34%; 95% CI, 21%-45%), New York (37%; 95% CI, 26%-50%), and Pennsylvania (50%; 95% CI, 35%-66%) each had more searches than expected after the opening of any sportsbooks in their state. Additional analyses suggest the opening of online, vs retail, sportsbooks corresponded with a larger increase in searches.
Conclusions and Relevance
The results of this time series study suggest that access to sportsbooks, sports wagers, and potential help-seeking for gambling addiction increased substantially and highlight the need to address the health implications of sportsbooks, including recognition and treatment of gambling problems and their broader societal implications.
MagNetUS is a network of scientists and research groups that coordinates and advocates for fundamental magnetized plasma research in the USA. Its primary goal is to bring together a broad community of researchers and the experimental and numerical tools they use in order to facilitate the sharing of ideas, resources and common tasks. Discussed here are the motivation and goals for this network and details of its formation, history and structure. An overview of associated experimental facilities and numerical projects is provided, along with examples of scientific topics investigated therein. Finally, a vision for the future of the organization is given.
This introduction to Psychodrama in Education offers an overview of the book content. The vision and objectives of the book are outlined while highlighting the importance of education in this day and age. Brief historical context is provided as it relates to this book and psychodrama in education. Chapter content is outlined briefly to introduce readers to the richness of the rest of the book. The importance and effectiveness of experiential learning is emphasized.
This chapter will orient on the implementation of Moreno’s methods of sociometry, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy within university programs both as experiential teaching processes and as foundational content for university programs in social work, counseling, psychology, creative arts therapies, and psychodrama. Moreno’s spontaneity learning theory will be introduced along with its connections to the larger experiential education field. The warming-up process will be emphasized as it relates to learning, action, and integration. This chapter will help educators reframe the classroom as a group where group work interventions, group dynamics, group development phases, group cohesion, and group learning processes are illuminated as relevant to the teaching process. Both the possibilities and limitations of integrating psychodrama into graduate university programs will be outlined, drawing from the experiences of related fields and international contexts. Furthermore, the author will describe his work implementing sociometry, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy processes to support university students in the United States. Examples will include using sociometry as an experiential teaching method prompting critical reflection on the six trauma-informed principles or the core values of the social work profession; using sociodrama to explore difficult interactions with counseling clients; and using psychodrama work to help doctoral students in exploring their relationship to their dissertation. Moreno’s methods offer rich potentialities within university programs, particularly for the helping professions. Students are hungry for an engaging learning experience, as well as for practical tools that can be implemented into their internships and future work—Moreno’s methods satisfy both of these hungers. This chapter will focus on the author’s experience developing curriculum, teaching courses, providing guest lectures, and supervising graduate students in university programs of social work, counseling, psychology, and the creative arts therapies. Differences and adaptations across the spectrum of university instruction from undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs will be discussed. Sociometry, psychodrama, sociodrama, and group psychotherapy can be implemented as experiential teaching tools to enhance and bring to life the educational process of any content. Students in the helping professions would also significantly benefit from learning Moreno’s methods (as curriculum content) to bolster their skills in working with individuals, groups, and communities.
Seedling recruitment is an important mode of establishment utilized by many invasive plants. In widespread invasive plants, regional variation in the rates of seedling recruitment can contribute to differences in invasion intensity across regions. In this study, we examined regional variation in reproductive traits and seedling performance in a cosmopolitan invasive wetland grass, Phragmites australis . We tested whether nitrogen levels and regions with different histories and intensities of invasion would affect reproductive traits and seedling performance. We sampled invasive Phragmites inflorescences from 34 populations across three regions in North America: The Northeast (old, most intense invasion), the Midwest (recent, intense invasion), and Southeast (recent, sparse invasion). We hypothesized that Northeast Phragmites populations would have the highest reproductive output and seedling performance, and that populations experiencing high nitrogen pollution would have higher reproductive output and seedling performance under high nitrogen conditions. We found that populations in the Northeast had the highest inflorescence mass, as expected. We also found that despite sparse distribution of Phragmites in the Southeast, populations from the Southeast displayed a high potential for sexual reproduction. However, increasing watershed-level nitrogen (kg/km ² ) decreased percent seed germination in Southeastern populations, suggesting that Southeastern populations are sensitive to rising nitrogen levels. While elevated nitrogen improved seedling performance through increased belowground growth in Southeastern Phragmites seedlings, elevated nitrogen decreased belowground growth in Midwestern seedlings. These results suggest that the southeastern region of North America may be primed to become an emergent invasion front of Phragmites , warranting more research into the possible management of Phragmites spread in the region.
While research suggests that sexual racism is prevalent within the gay community, studies have neglected to examine how this specific manifestation of racism influences queer Asian American men’s mental health. Queer Asian American men’s health outcomes are often overlooked as racism-related studies tend to homogenize queer Asian American men with queer men of color broadly. Thus, the present study examined the association between sexual racism and queer Asian American men’s depressive symptomatology and hazardous drinking, as well as the moderating role of collective racial self-esteem. The final sample consisted of 151 queer Asian American men who completed a 30-minute cross-sectional survey. Regression analyses indicated that sexual racism was positively associated with depressive symptomatology, whereas it was not associated with hazardous drinking. Additionally, collective racial self-esteem was not found to have a moderating effect. These findings underscore the necessity of racial justice-promoting interventions to minimize queer Asian American men’s experience of sexual racism in gay communities. Results also highlight the importance of developing culturally congruent training for clinicians working with queer Asian American men to gain an understanding of how sexual racism impacts this population.
Using 122 interviews, this study examines how students at one elite U.S. university conceptualized the impacts of extracurricular participation during college. Scholars have argued that activities can yield valuable forms of capital for students at the primary, secondary, and college levels, yet these processes remain undertheorized. Applying Bourdieusian field theory, I found that respondents perceived three structural parallels between their student organizations and actual workplace contexts. Through clubs, students socialized one another to adopt new relational orientations that anticipated future careers navigating institutional hierarchies. Despite their university’s supposedly endless resources for activities, students paradoxically restricted one another’s access to clubs through elaborate recruitment practices that mirrored job hiring. Within clubs, respondents described learning to manage one another and relate in a detached manner as colleagues, rather than friends. While past research has explored how extracurricular activities shape individual outcomes, this study reveals how students themselves perceived the impacts of club involvement, specifically in an elite institutional context. Respondents’ experiences suggest that extracurricular activities may represent a key site of “status degradation ceremonies” that ultimately enhance elite institutions’ consecrating function.
The repercussions of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and bisphosphonates pose serious clinical challenges and warrant novel therapies for osteoporosis in menopausal women. To confront this issue, the present research aimed to design and fabricate daidzein (DZ); a phytoestrogen-loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to mimic and compensate for synthetic estrogens and biomineralization. Hypothesizing this bimodal approach, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNPs) were synthesized using the chemical-precipitation method followed by drug loading (DZHAPNPs) via sorption. The developed nanoparticles were optimized by "Design-Expert" software and underwent comprehensives in-vitro and in-vivo characterizations. The particle sizes of HAPNPs and DZHAPNPs were found to be 118.9 ± 0.15 nm and 129.3 ± 0.65 nm, respectively, consistent with their FESEM and TEM images. A notable entrapment efficiency of 87.23 ± 0.97% and drug release of 91 ± 0.85% from DZHAPNPs was observed over 90 h at pH 7.4. Moreover, the XRD and FTIR results confirmed the amorphization and compatibility of DZHAPNPs. TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of blank and drug-loaded nanoparticles was up to 900 °C. In an in vivo pharmacokinetic investigation, three-fold increased bioavailability of DZHAPNPs (AUC0−∞ = 7427.6 µg/mL*h) was obtained in comparison to daidzein solution (AUC0−∞ = 2299.7 µg/mL*h). The comprehensive results of the study indicate that bioceramic nanoparticles are potential carriers for DZ delivery.
Emerging research indicates that people use multiple strategies to manage their emotions in everyday life. Yet, we know little about what these strategy combinations look like, how they function, or how individual differences influence these phenomena. We addressed these issues in two, 2-week daily diary studies performed during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 422; data collected April and September 2020). Each evening, participants rated their level of COVID-19 anxiety and indicated which of 18 emotion regulation strategies they used to manage it. There was tremendous diversity in the strategy combinations people used: 74% of the combinations were unique across participants and included strategies seldom studied together (e.g., exercise, journaling, social interaction, and cognitive reframing). On average, using a given strategy predicted same-day use of another strategy with only 1% accuracy. Despite this variability, a set of features consistently predicted effective regulation: Using large and healthy repertoires of strategies in diverse ways predicted reductions in anxiety over time. Psychologically distressed individuals experienced more daily anxiety and drew on a wider but more unhealthy set of strategies. However, when they used adaptive strategy combinations, they benefited just as much as less distressed individuals. These results illuminate the anatomy of people’s emotion regulatory lives, underscoring the need to develop frameworks that capture the diverse ways people manage their emotions. They also identify specific mechanisms that interventions can target to improve how people manage their emotions under ecologically valid conditions.
Background
Obesity poses significant health risks, which are frequently addressed with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, which initially leads to significant weight loss but frequently results in long-term regain and excess skin issues, prompting consideration of body contouring surgery (BCS) to potentially improve the quality of life and aid in long-term weight management. Thus, we assess the impact of body contouring on weight loss following bariatric surgery.
Materials and Methods
An extensive literature search was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) till March 2024. Data were extracted and analysed using Review Manager 5.4, focusing on body mass index (BMI), % Excess Weight Loss (%EWL) and % Total Body Weight Loss (%TWL). We calculated the mean difference for continuous variables, maintaining a 95% confidence interval (CI). To analyse the outcomes, we employed a random effects model.
Results
Thirteen studies were included in this review and eleven in the analysis, showing significant improvements in weight loss metrics for patients undergoing BCS after bariatric surgery. The BCS group had a mean BMI reduction of 2.64 kg/m ² compared to non-BCS patients (95% CI: [ −4.96, −0.32], P = 0.03), with considerable heterogeneity ( I ² = 80%). The %EWL was considerably greater in the BCS group, with a mean increase of 12.65% (95% CI [6.26, 19.04]: P = 0.0001) and significant heterogeneity ( I ² = 87%). Similarly, %TWL was larger in the BCS group, demonstrating a mean increase of 6.24% (95% CI [3.46, 9.02]: P <0.0001) with significant heterogeneity ( I ² = 77%).
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis provides evidence of the potential role of BCS in enhancing weight loss metrics. These insights could be pivotal for clinicians in optimising post-weight loss management strategies and for patients considering BCS as a step toward improved health and well-being.
We prove the uniform boundedness of oscillatory singular integrals with singular kernels | x | - n Ω ( x | x | ) {|x|^{-n}\Omega(\frac{x}{|x|})} and rational phases of the form P ( x ) + 1 Q ( x ) {P(x)+\frac{1}{Q(x)}} for arbitrary real-valued polynomials P and Q . Our main result shows that the condition Q ( 0 ) = 0 {Q(0)=0} imposed in [M. Folch-Gabayet and J. Wright, An estimation for a family of oscillatory integrals, Studia Math. 154 2003, 1, 89–97] is superfluous, which answers a question left open in that paper. As a secondary improvement of existing results, we also extend the space for Ω ( ⋅ ) {\Omega(\,\cdot\,)} from L log L ( 𝕊 n - 1 ) {L\log L({\mathbb{S}}^{n-1})} to the strictly larger space H 1 ( 𝕊 n - 1 ) {H^{1}({\mathbb{S}}^{n-1})} .
Background
Age is the greatest risk factor for self‐reported visual impairment (VI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). While prior studies demonstrate associations between VI and cognitive screening measures in older adults, the relationship between VI and specific cognitive domains remains unexplored. We examined the relationship between subjective VI and executive function, attention, visuospatial construction, episodic memory, and processing speed.
Method
Participants were older adults aged 55‐80: 58 cognitively unimpaired (CU) (MoCA>=26, CDR=0) and 19 MCI patients (MoCA>19, <24, CDR=.5). Subjective VI was measured with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ). A neuropsychological battery including the MoCA, CDR, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) was administered to assess cognition. Partial correlations controlling for age and years of education compared subjective VI scores to cognitive scores. A multivariate, repeated measures ANCOVA was run on a subset (N=23) of participants with 1 year follow‐up data to determine whether group performance differed over time on NEI‐VFQ and DSST.
Result
There were significant correlations between scores on the composite NEI‐VFQ and both the DSST and visuospatial sub‐scale of the RBANS in the CU and patient groups (p<.05). CU adults showed a greater practice effect over time on the DSST than the patient group, who declined in performance. Specifically, CU APOE E4 carriers had a larger increase in DSST score over 12 months than non‐carriers, along with a larger increase in subjective VI on the NEI‐VFQ.
Conclusion
Attention, processing speed, visuospatial construction, and executive function performance was related to a standardized measure of subjective VI in CU older adults and MCI patients. After 12 months, CU APOE E4 carriers showed a stronger practice effect than CU non‐ carriers on the DSST, concomitant with increase in subjective VI. Subjective measures of VI may serve as a tool in early detection of cognitive impairment, although increases in VI over time co‐occurred with increased practice effects in CU APOE E4 carriers. Longitudinal studies are ongoing to examine the predictive value of subjective VI on cognitive impairment.
Geologic records of tropical cyclones (TCs) in low-energy, back-barrier environments are established by identifying marine sediments via their allochthonous biogeochemical signal. These records have the potential to reconstruct TC intensity and frequency through time. However, modern analog studies are needed to understand which biogeochemical indicators of overwash sediments are best preserved and how post-depositional changes may affect their preservation. Here, we examine the overwash sediments of two successive land-falling, high-intensity TCs: Hurricane Ian in 2022 and Hurricane Irma in 2017. Hurricane Ian’s overwash sediments at two mangrove sites, including one directly along (Matlacha Pass) and one other distal from (Blackwater Bay) Hurricane Ian’s path through southwest Florida, USA, were identified as a light gray very poorly to poorly sorted coarse silty sand with marine microfossils and geochemical marine signature. Hurricane Irma’s overwash sediments remained identifiable from post-Irma sediments at Blackwater Bay as a gray poorly sorted coarse silt with a marine microfossil signature but lacking a distinctive geochemical signature. The identification of overwash sediments left by TCs occurring in within five years demonstrates the high preservation potential of overwash sediments in low-energy, mangrove environments. Similar environments can be utilized to advance paleotempestology studies in southwest Florida.
Persuasion plays a crucial role in human communication. Yet, convincing someone to change their mind is often challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a subtle linguistic device, generic-you (i.e., "you" that refers to people in general, e.g., "You win some, you lose some"), is associated with successfully shifting people's pre-existing views in a naturalistic context. Leveraging Large Language Models, we conducted a preregistered study using a large ([Formula: see text] = 204,120) online debate dataset. Every use of generic-you in an argument was associated with an up to 14% percent increase in the odds of successful persuasion. These findings underscore the need to distinguish between the specific and generic uses of "you" in large-scale linguistic analyses, an aspect that has been overlooked in the literature. The robust association between generic-you and persuasion persisted with the inclusion of various covariates, and above and beyond other pronouns (i.e., specific-you, I or we). However, these findings do not imply causality. In Supplementary Experiment 2, arguments with generic-you (vs. first-person singular pronouns, e.g., I) were rated as more persuasive by open-minded individuals. In Supplementary Experiment 3, generic-you (vs. specific-you) arguments did not differentially predict attitude change. We discuss explanations for these results, including differential mechanisms, boundary conditions, and the possibility that people intuitively draw on generic-you when expressing more persuasive ideas. Together, these findings add to a growing literature on the interpersonal implications of broadening one's perspective via a subtle shift in language, while motivating future research on contextual and individual differences that may moderate these effects.
Public water systems (PWSs) need robust taste and odor (T&O) methods for a diverse range of compounds to proactively monitor their systems from source to tap and make informed treatment decisions. In this study, Standard Method 6040D T&O compounds by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was revised to include 19 T&O compounds with various odor descriptors including earthy, musty, grassy, woody, fishy, septic, fruity, and sweet. An interlaboratory comparison was performed to determine method accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and ruggedness. Three laboratories achieved passing quality control (QC) acceptance criteria for all 19 compounds, and one laboratory achieved passing QC acceptance criteria for 14 compounds. In this article, occurrence data and method applications are also discussed, which will allow PWSs to monitor diverse classes of T&O compounds and make informed, proactive treatment decisions to maintain high aesthetic quality for their customers.
This mixed-methods study explores the impact of the Vista curriculum, a trauma-informed antiviolence intervention program for women who have used force in their intimate relationships, delivered by the Department of the Air Force Family Advocacy Program clinicians. Questions sought to understand any changes in personal growth, self-awareness, beliefs, and relationship interaction skills for 62 cisgender women. Findings suggest that women gained personal growth, self-awareness, and increased relationship tools. Women identified the positive impact cofacilitator support and non-judgment had on them and their ability to heal from their experiences and increase their awareness of viable non-forceful alternatives. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
Although U.S.-based mandatory and preferred arrest laws and policies were
created to promote domestic violence survivors’ safety, at times they have
contributed to the wrongful arrest of women defending themselves against
their abusive partners. While these laws and policies are the subject of
broad critique, less considered are domestic violence survivors’ descriptions
of the events that unfold after police officers respond to a domestic violence
incident and before they make an arrest. This is an important area of inquiry
as these events may highlight how the circumstances leading to wrongful
arrest decisions are more complex than the laws and policies alone. Data
from the present study came from the author’s larger in-depth qualitative
investigation of 33 cisgender women’s descriptions of their legal and child
protection systems involvement. The women were recruited from an
antiviolence intervention agency receiving referrals from communities with
mandatory and preferred laws and policies. The women had agency contact due to their use of force or alleged use of force. The respondents were
diverse across race, age, class, ability, U.S. citizenship status, and sexual
identity. The author analyzed the 33 women’s 51 interview transcripts
and extensive fieldnotes using rigorous iterative analysis and constructivist
grounded theory. The analysis revealed that seven of the 33 women, all
of whom identified domestic and sexual violence survivorship histories,
described a patterned series of events that unfolded after the police arrived
at the domestic violence incident and before the police made an arrest.
In this study, the author details three of the seven women’s stories to
demonstrate how a series of events, including police prearrest questioning
and their coercively controlling male partners’ tactics, facilitated the
women’s entanglement in what the author refers to as an “arrest web.”
Their incremental disentanglement from the arrest’s impact is also explored.
Broad system-focused implications are discussed.
Background
Informant reports can complement standardized cognitive assessment and improve accuracy of dementia diagnosis. Although informant reports correlate moderately with objective measures of decline, the influence of informant factors, such as gender, on these relationships is unclear. This study assessed the hypothesis that informant gender would emerge as an independent predictor in the relationship between informant ratings of cognitive function (i.e., Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) and cognitive assessment scores.
Method
204 adults aged 55‐80 (124 F, 80 M) completed the CDR with study partners (106 F, 95 M). Participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and CDR at screening, and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) within 12 weeks of screening. RBANS delayed memory index scores were available for 203 participants, and the RBANS total scores for 200 participants. 148 participants had FCSRT immediate free recall and delayed free recall scores available. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate whether informant gender significantly predicted the relationship between the CDR sum of boxes (SOB) and: RBANS total score, RBANS delayed memory index score, FCRST immediate recall score, and FCRST delayed recall score, while controlling for age and education.
Result
The CDR SOB was negatively associated with RBANS total score (R² = .547, β = ‐.511, p< .001), RBANS delayed memory index score (R² = .640, β = ‐.643, p< .001), FCRST immediate free recall (R² = .220, β = ‐.162, p = .025), and FCRST delayed free recall (R² = .667, β = ‐.646, p<; .001). Informant gender was not associated with any cognitive outcome (p’s> .05).
Conclusion
These results did not support the hypothesis that participants with female study partners would show a stronger correlation between informant ratings of cognitive function and cognitive assessment scores. Future work will: 1) use qualitative analysis to investigate potential gender differences in informant reporting and 2) examine additional informant‐related factors that may impact the relationship between informant ratings and neuropsychological testing such as informant level of education, culture, and family history and/or experience with dementia.
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