Bangladesh University of Textiles

The preconsumer textile waste in the manufacturing country dominates the circularity in the textile and apparel industries. Bangladesh, the world's second largest exporter of apparel, produces a tremendous amount of preconsumer waste while manufacturing yarn, fabric, dyed fabric, and apparel in the whole textile production chain. The sheer number of workers, traders, local manufacturers, exporters, and other formal and informal channels makes this waste management sector important. In addition, the value addition of this waste in the local and export markets is increasingly significant. This study aims to determine and fill the knowledge gap on current circularity practices of nonhazardous textile solid waste in Bangladesh, drawing experience from an end‐market for textile solid waste. One distinct textile waste cluster, Mirpur, was selected. Based on field surveys and interviews, it is found that approximately 76% of textile solid waste is reused, 11% is used for making recycled yarn, and another 11% is used as fuel for boilers and geotextile for road construction activities, and 2% is wasted as fabric dust. The cost of selling textile solid waste ranges from USD 0.1 to USD 0.95, depending on the type of waste. Overall, the Mirpur cluster processes around 600–800 tons of textile solid waste per month and employs around 800–1000 staff, of whom 95% are women. It shows an informal circular textile waste economy where nothing is wasted, and everything is utilized, creating new markets, products, businesses, and employment. However, such practices lack regulatory oversight and monitoring, which could be transformed into a formally functioning circular economy.

This study indicates that there is still a limited number of studies that examined the nexus among participative leadership (PL), follower’s psychological safety (FPS), followers’ radical creativity (FRC), and collaborative relationship (CR) in the manufacturing sector of emerging economies. This paper emphasizes the importance of FPS and business collaboration to promote FRC and sheds new light on manufacturing stakeholders’ involvement. That is why this research aims to investigate the relationship between PL and FRC, including the mediating effect of FPS. Additionally, CR functioned as a moderator in the connection between FPS and FRC. This study applies the social information processing (SIP) theory as the theoretical background by bringing the dynamics between leaders and followers to the current scholarly discourse. A quantitative survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire from the samples, including 82 leaders and 240 followers from 178 manufacturing companies from all parts of Bangladesh. The researchers in this study employed SPSS for the descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM to evaluate the anticipated connections. Moreover, the quantitative results showed that PL has a positive and substantial relationship with both FPS and FRC (β = 0.25, t-statistics = 5.67, P < 0.001). Additionally, FPS has a mediation effect on the link between PL and FRC (β=-0.12, t-statistics = 22.59, P < 0.001) On the other hand, it has been found that the collaborative relationship’s moderating influence is insignificant (β = 0.29, T-values = 0.66, SE = 0.0000031). This study clarifies how PL and FPS develop the FRC in Bangladeshi industrial firms. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting how organizations can promote FRC among their followers, foster PS through CR, and motivate individuals to actively participate in FRC endeavors to boost organizational productivity and effectiveness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-025-02950-3.

Natural fibre-based thermoset composites offer biodegradability, low cost, and availability but face challenges in mechanical performance. To address this, a study focuses on optimizing a novel architecture using low-twist twine from field-retted jute and banana fibres. Stitching techniques are used to manufacture non-crimp unidirectional preforms for investigating mechanical properties of jute–banana twine-reinforced epoxy composites. Four samples (JJJ, BBB, JBJ, BJB) with varying fibre compositions are compression moulded, where J is for Jute and B is for Banana. Results show increased mechanical properties with higher jute fibre loading. Tensile strength of JJJ, JBJ, and BJB exceeds pure banana (BBB) by 176%, 136%, and 60%, respectively. Flexural strength of JJJ, JBJ, BJB surpass BBB by 50%, 30.37%, and 3.77%, whereas impact strength of JJJ is 33.84% higher than BBB. Micromechanical analysis using different models predicts stiffness, indicating potential applications like aircraft components, car panels, and sports equipment. Hybrid UD composites with higher jute content show promise for various industries. Graphical abstract

Integrating phase change materials (PCMs) into textiles is primarily driven by their exceptional thermo-regulating properties, which arise from their ability to absorb, store, and release thermal energy during phase transitions. This unique capability makes PCMs highly effective in maintaining temperature stability and enhancing the comfort of textile products. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of PCMs and their role in thermal regulation within textiles. It begins with an overview of PCMs, including their classification and the mechanisms underlying their phase change behavior. It further discusses the process of microencapsulation, a key technique used to enhance the stability and performance of PCMs, along with various fabrication methods for integrating PCMs into textile materials. In addition to addressing the technical aspects, the chapter examines characterization techniques used to evaluate the performance of PCM-incorporated textiles and highlights their diverse applications across industries, such as apparel, bedding, and technical textiles. It also outlines the criteria for selecting suitable PCMs based on specific requirements, including thermal properties, durability, and compatibility with textile substrates, while providing a detailed cost analysis in light of current market trends and demands. The chapter concludes by addressing the environmental impacts and challenges of using PCMs, such as sustainability concerns and lifecycle considerations.

This study aims to explore the influence of sinker timing—a relative positional setting of two primary knitting elements, i.e., needle and sinker, on some important knitted fabric parameters and related properties. Plain jersey fabric samples were produced from cotton yarn (linear density of 19.68 Tex) at three different quality values (loop lengths of 2.77 mm, 2.84 mm, and 2.90 mm respectively) on a positive feed-based multi-feeder circular knitting machine. Three different sinker timings (regular, forwarding, and retracting) were used for each quality setting; thus, a total of 9 (nine) fabric samples were developed for experimental purposes. It was found that forward sinker timing resulted in an increase in the loop shape factor concerning regular sinker timing and vice versa. However, stitch densities were almost the same for all settings of sinker timing at a particular value of loop length. Consequently, fabric width was highest for forward timing and fabric areal density remained almost unchanged. Also visual inspection revealed no noticeable differences among the fabric samples.

In recent times, the integration of nanomaterials into 3D biofabricated structures has become a transformative approach in advancing the biomedical field. Nanomaterials exhibit distinctive properties such as superior mechanical strength, enhanced biocompatibility, and improved drug delivery efficiency, making them well‐suited for biomedical use. This comprehensive review explores the synergistic potential of combining nanomaterials—such as metallic, carbon‐based, ceramic, and polymeric nanoparticles—with advanced 3D biofabrication techniques, including 3D bioprinting, melt electrowriting, and electrospinning. These integrations have demonstrated significant promise in diverse biomedical applications, such as regeneration of nerve, bone, and cardiac tissues, wound healing, and cancer therapy. Despite substantial progress, several challenges hinder clinical translation, including difficulties in achieving precise nanomaterial integration, biocompatibility and toxicity concerns, scalability in manufacturing, and regulatory complexities. This review synthesizes recent advancements, evaluates existing challenges, and identifies key research directions to address these obstacles. It highlights the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration in maximizing the potential of nanomaterial‐integrated 3D biofabricated structures and promoting innovative advancements in biomedical science and healthcare.

The increasing emphasis on sustainability and resource optimization in logistics, particularly through Industry 4.0 strategies, necessitates a focused investigation in emerging economies. This study explores how Industry 4.0 can drive sustainable logistics in the electronic industry of an emerging market, addressing a critical gap in existing research. Using advanced modeling techniques i.e., Fuzzy total interpretive structural modeling (Fuzzy-TISM) and fuzzy Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (fuzzy-MICMAC), the authors identify and prioritize key strategies. These methods help map the interrelationships among strategies, distinguishing those that drive change from those that depend on other factors. Findings highlight the importance of establishing standardized benchmarking frameworks and leveraging RFID technology for real-time tracking and environmental adaptability. By offering a structured approach to Industry 4.0 adoption, this study provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry leaders seeking to enhance sustainable logistics practices in resource-constrained environments.

The study reports on the development of innovative hierarchical hybrid nanofibers for the efficient removal of cationic heavy metals and dyes from wastewater. The successful electrospinning of poly­(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) in combination with biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticle-doped graphene oxide nanocomposites (CuO–GO NCs) at various ratios produced functional nanofibers. The CuO–GO NC was synthesized with a facile one-step method. The cross-linked nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM results revealed that electrospun nanofibers displayed defect-free uniform spindle-like morphologies with CuO–GO partially embedded onto nanofibers, having average diameters ranging from 52.53 to 65.57 nm. Further, TEM images reveal that CuO–GO is homogeneously dispersed within the nanofiber structure. The thermal analysis demonstrated that the embedded CuO–GO in nanofibers improved the thermal properties and phase change behavior. The nanofibers with 1 wt % CuO–GO performed excellently with a maximum adsorption capacity of 155.23 mg/g for MB dye and 179.9 mg/g for Pb (II) ions. Moreover, the nanofibers exhibited superior removal efficiencies of 89.81% for Pb­(II) ions and 77.67% for MB dye. The optimal pH values for MB dye and Pb­(II) ion adsorption were determined to be 9.1 and 5.5, respectively. The recycling results demonstrated that the cross-linked nanofiber retained excellent stability and performance after four cycles. In this study, 1 wt % CuO–GO-loaded cross-linked PVA/CS nanofibers showed potential adsorption properties for treating MB and Pb (II) ions, making it suitable for wastewater treatment applications with high efficiency.

Chromium contamination from tannery effluents significantly threatens environmental sustainability and public health. This study aims to develop a Co-Zn ferrite-incorporated water hyacinth biochar (Co-ZnF@WHB) for efficient Cr (VI) removal from contaminated water. The biochar was synthesized through pyrolysis of water hyacinth steam at 450 ⁰C, followed by HNO₃ activation to enhance surface functionality. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed the introduction of C = O and − OH groups, which created active sites and significantly improved Cr (VI) adsorption. XPS analysis indicated Cr (VI) reduction to Cr (III) via oxidation of − C = O to COO⁻ groups. The incorporation of Co-Zn ferrite introduced magnetic properties, facilitating easy separation. Adsorption experiments revealed a strong pH dependence, with maximum capacities of 52.15 mg/g at pH 2.0 (298 K) in synthetic solutions and 66.38 mg/g at pH 3.54 for tannery effluent. Kinetic modeling suggested chemisorption as the rate-limiting step, while isotherm analysis confirmed monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic (ΔH⁰ ≈ 34 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (ΔG⁰ < 0) adsorption process. The response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design) optimized preparation conditions, ranking factor influence as pH > Cr (VI) concentration > contact time. The primary Cr (VI) removal mechanisms involved surface complexation, electrostatic interactions, and reduction. This study demonstrates the potential of Co-ZnF@WHB as an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly material for Cr (VI) remediation from polluted water sources.

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyethyl cellulose‐graft‐polyacrylamide (HEC‐g‐PAM) copolymers as a novel thickener for textile printing applications. The chemical structure of the copolymers was confirmed through FT‐IR and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy, which provided clear evidence of successful PAM grafting onto the HEC backbone. DSC analysis showed that HEC‐g‐PAM had a melting temperature between that of HEC and PAM, indicating improved thermal resistance due to the grafting process. The increased melting temperature suggests partial crystallinity retention and stronger intermolecular interactions. TGA analysis further confirmed enhanced thermal stability, with HEC‐g‐PAM exhibiting a higher onset decomposition temperature and intermediate residual weight compared to HEC and PAM. The HEC‐g‐PAM copolymer was evaluated as a thickener in reactive printing on viscose rayon fabrics and compared to conventional sodium alginate thickeners. Key factors such as HEC‐g‐PAM content, additives, and curing conditions were optimized to enhance viscosity, color strength, sharpness, and fastness, resulting in improved printing performance, bending length, and cost‐effectiveness compared to sodium alginate. With its enhanced thermal stability and printing properties, HEC‐g‐PAM demonstrates strong potential as an advanced thickener for viscose rayon fabric applications.

The recent advancements in smart textiles have led to a surge in the use of textile-based sensors to detect various signals, including touch, pressure, body temperature, humidity, and so on. Due to their flexibility, bendability, and lightweight design, all of which make them perfect for a variety of flexible sensing systems. Herein, a capacitive touch sensor consisting of all textile components has been architected through computerized machine knitting technology. The prototype has been realized with the double knit intarsia knitting technique, which enables seamless integration of touch sensing textiles onto non-conductive base fabric during single knitting operations. This simple and easily embedded touch interface enables users to experience soft and ultraflexible electronic textiles with high responsive (response time ~80 ms) sensing capabilities. High reproducibility and repeatability were observed with the manufactured capacitive touch sensor, with negligible change in capacitance within 500 touched-untouched cycles. The sensor also demonstrates outstanding flexibility against various mechanical deformations, that is, twisting, grasping, folding, and pinching. As a proof of concept, a machine knitted touch keyboard, numpad, wristband, and soft switch have been demonstrated as capacitive touch sensing user interfaces for human-machine interaction.

Growth of renewable plant-based cellulosic fiber is vital for a sustainable future. Natural cellulosic fibers are important for sustainability since they are renewable and biodegradable and have a minimal environmental effect. Extracting these fibers benefits environmentally friendly companies by providing alternatives to synthetic products, lowering carbon footprints, and reusing agricultural waste. This article describes a newly produced and unique natural fiber made from Amaranthus viridis fibers (AVFs) using hot water and 5% NaOH retting. ASTM standards have been used to evaluate the fiber’s hygroscopic behavior, density, fiber bundle strength, burning behavior, and chemical components. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, burn test, and thermogravimetric analysis tests are used to assess the fiber crystallinity, fiber arrangement, biological classification, combustion activity, and temperature sensitivity of substances materials. The extracted AVF with high cellulose content comprises 46.54% cellulose and has a mean moisture recovery and content percentage of 22.49% and 18.35%, accordingly. The suggested fiber has a mean tensile strength of 10.23 g/tex and breaking extension of 1.35 mm and got crystallinity of 41%. This fiber degrades at 595°C. The fiber is predominantly cellulose-based, with great moisture retention and recovery, strong strength, and thermal stability (degrades at 595°C). It possesses a moderate crystallinity that balances strength and flexibility, although it is less elastic (low breaking extension). It is appropriate for moisture management applications but not for ones that require a lot of stretch. This fiber has several applications, including biological materials, cellulose nanoparticles, and fiber-reinforced composites.

This study explores the practical application of material circularity in Bangladesh’s textile and apparel industry, focusing on pre-consumer textile solid waste management. While much of the existing literature discusses circular economy (CE) models theoretically, this research presents an actual case where a material circularity is implemented. Through a detailed examination of market clusters dealing with the resale, reuse, recycling, and the waste material matrix, the study uncovers the complexities of sorting, processing, and repurposing textile solid waste. Despite challenges like inconsistent sorting practices, informal market operations, and limited recycling infrastructure, the findings highlight significant scopes for material circularity. The study emphasizes the need for standardized regulations and targeted interventions to scale up circular practices. By showcasing real-world examples of material circularity, this research contributes to the development of a systematic, policy-driven approach to sustainable waste management in the textile industry, moving beyond theoretical discussions to practical, actionable insights.

Stretchable yarns (double core) fulfill consumer requirements for comfortable clothing with a flexible structure. The study focuses on utilizing various methods and filaments in yarn production and their effect on fabric characteristics. The experimental study includes the manufacturing of Ne 18/1 yarn (dual core) by three different methods: Invista® method, Texturing/Intermingling method, and Elasto twist method (Hamel twist and cover method) for ‘Z’ and ‘S’ twist direction using various filaments and properties of the developed yarns are measured using standard methods. Additionally, 3/1 ‘Z’ twill denim fabric was manufactured using this manufactured yarn, and fabric properties were evaluated. The impact of production method and filament type on these developed yarns and fabrics properties is analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and it is concluded that the filament type and production technique have a meaningful impact on yarns and fabrics properties. This comparative analysis provides valuable information and highlights the significance of filament type and production method in achieving desired properties.

Researchers are working hard to handle the intricate interplay and interconnected relationships between fiber properties, process parameters, and consumer requirements in yarn manufacturing. These relationships make a complex network and researchers tried to develop prediction models through artificial neural network (ANN). This paper provides a systematic and comprehensive up to date (2024) overview on applications of ANN in the textile yarn manufacturing (fiber to yarn) sector. In addition, diverse methodologies, approaches, and specific applications of ANN in fiber to yarn are criticized in this study. The limitations, challenges, and future scopes of this subject have been explored by synthesizing the selected relevant publications in the field of textile yarn manufacture and ANNs. The study contributes to the theoretical and practical implications through this review and concludes with a valuable future opportunity. Notwithstanding the fact that the research shows a clear improvement in the implementation of ANN in the yarn manufacturing sector, substantial work remains to be done in these areas.

The utilization of agro waste in the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is recognized as one of the most environment benign and cost-effective approaches. Accordingly, the present study biosynthesizes Ag and SiO2 NPs by utilizing agro waste, lemon peel zest and rice husks to produce two hybrid nano fluids named Ag–SiO2 and Ag–SiO2–bis for the purpose of yielding mechanically strong, durable, functional and comfortable cotton fabric. The synthesized nano fluids are incorporated on cotton woven fabric by mechanical thermo-fixation method. The produced Ag NPs are characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), and found the average size as around 30 nm with spherical shape. Again, SiO2 NPs are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), FESEM and EDX and the results reveal amorphous, spherical shape with the average particle size as around 50 nm. The FESEM of hybrid NPs are also analyzed. The surface morphology of treated fabric is assessed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDX. The antibacterial properties, UV protection ability, dye ability, moisture management property, mechanical properties are assessed and found better than that of untreated fabric. However, due to use of small amount of the above NPs in preparation of hybrid nano fluid, UV-protection ability is not found up to the mark. For addressing the durability of the functional cotton fabric, N, N′-methylene bis-acrylamide is used as a crosslinking agent which has also significant positive contribution to mechanical properties. However, this utilization of the cross-linker along with Ag–SiO2 hybrid nano fluid is the novelty of present investigation to improve the durable, functional and mechanical properties. The outcomes of the study suggest the greater efficacy of Ag–SiO2–bis hybrid nano fluid in functional clothing and medical textiles.

Integrating synthetic fibers into yarn manufacturing has revolutionized the development of stretchable fabrics, which have become essential in the textile industry. This research explores the development of Siro-spun dual-core yarns with elastane and PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) as core materials, alongside cotton as the sheath material, using a modified W-grooved roller system. The study aims to evaluate the impact of core material feeding techniques on the properties of the produced yarns. Five different samples were created using several feeding techniques, and their properties were investigated using standard testing methods and statistical tools such as MANOVA. The MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis) method was also employed to rank the yarn samples based on their overall criteria across multiple quality performances. The results revealed that yarns produced using the modified W-grooved roller exhibited superior mechanical (elongation and strength) and quality properties (hairiness, unevenness, and imperfections) compared to those produced using traditional methods. This comparative study demonstrates the potential of the modified W-grooved roller to optimize yarn performance, offering innovative solutions for stretchable yarn production and meeting the growing demands of the textile market.

The main aim of this research was to investigate the catalytic effect of the Nickel Nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) for the degradation of Novacron Ruby S-3B (NR) dye in water-based solutions. An average size of 53 nm of Nickel Nanoparticle was synthesized by chemical reduction method reaction with NiCl 2 where hydrazine was used as reducing agent in basic medium. Through the synthesis process various reaction conditions was varied as contact time, temperature and reactant concentration for better Ni-NPs yield. The particle size of Ni-NPs was determined by morphology studies using SEM and XRD. Further the synthesized Ni-NPs was used as catalyst for the degradation of NR dye in aqueous. The catalytic degradation of NR dye was determined by measuring the dye concentration reduction, amount of synthesized Ni-NPs catalyst used, with the reaction condition variations, as the effect of pH , temperature, and time variations. A maximum of Novacron Ruby S-3B (NR) dye degradation was estimated 94.262% after 180 min treatment at dye concentration 20 mgL ⁻¹ at 55ºC and pH -6 using synthesized Ni-NPs catalyst 20ppm.

The spinning industry makes a major contribution to environmental pollution due to the excessive use of natural assets and the generation of remarkable amounts of waste during manufacturing processes. Now, the spinning industries are concentrating on sustainable activities due to environmental issues. While textile recycling efforts have been widely explored, the utilization of soft waste (process waste) in yarn production remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating a sustainable approach incorporating soft waste into producing sustainable yarn using the ring-spinning technique. The research explores the properties of yarns manufactured from a blend of virgin cotton and soft waste, and 100% virgin cotton yarn is produced for comparison. The results indicate that incorporating soft waste leads to an increase in CVm% (13 vs. 11), hairiness (6.9 vs. 5.1), and IPI (165 vs. 125) compared to virgin cotton yarn. However, the elongation percentage (7.1% vs. 8%) and tensile strength (12.6 cN/tex vs. 16.2 cN/tex) showed a reduction, highlighting potential trade-offs in mechanical properties. The statistical analysis applies one-way ANOVA to evaluate the significance of variations in yarn characteristics made from the mixture of soft waste + virgin cotton and only virgin cotton. The manufactured yarns were examined in a modern weaving machine as weft yarn for fabric (denim) manufacturing and found to be perfect for normal operation. The article focuses on reducing negative impacts on the fabric (denim) manufacturing environment by incorporating soft waste to produce sustainable yarn. This research provides important insights into the production of sustainable yarns, focusing on environmental concerns.

This study has explored the potential interactions between Triton X-100 (TX-100) and crystal violet dye (CV) in the presence of different electrolytes and hydrotrope (HDT) solutions by using cloud point (CP) measurement and UV–visible spectroscopic techniques. The studied electrolytes are sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium acetate (NaOAc), and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), whereas the HDTs are sodium salicylate (NaSal), sodium benzoate (NaBenz), and 4-amino benzoic acid (4-ABA). There was a sharp increase in the CP values of the system studied in NaSal and NaBenz media due to “salting-in” effect, whereas the lowering in the magnitudes of CP was recorded in aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaOAc, Na2SO4, and 4-ABA as a result of “salting-out” effect. The extents of CP in the experimental system were varied with the enhancement of different electrolytes and HDTs concentration which followed the trend as $\normalsize {\text{CP}}_{\text{aq. NaSal}}>{\text{CP}}_{\text{aq. NaBenz}}>{\text{CP}}_{\text{aq. NaOAc}}>{\text{CP}}_{\text{aq. NaCl}}>{\text{CP}}_{{\text{aq. Na}}_{2}{\text{SO}}_{4}}>{\text{CP}}_{aq.4-\text{ABA}}$. The binding constant (${K}_{b}$) for the complexation of CV and TX-100 was determined by using the Benesi–Hildebrand equation with the help of UV–Vis spectroscopic method. The degree of ${K}_{b}$ was found to be dependent on the presence of salts and variation in temperatures. The recorded ${\Delta G}_{c}^{0}$ and ${\Delta G}_{b}^{0}$ values for the phase segregation and binding were found as positive and negative, respectively, in all experimental cases. The positive magnitudes of ${\Delta G}_{c}^{0}$ showed a decreasing trend by the boost of electrolytes and HDT concentrations. The appearances of $-{\Delta H}_{c}^{0}$ and ${-\Delta S}_{c}^{0}$ values in the solutions of different electrolytes confirmed the H-bonding and dipole–dipole interactions being in function amid the surfactant/dye mixtures in the aqueous media, whereas $+{\Delta H}_{c}^{0}$ and $+{\Delta S}_{c}^{0}$ values found in aq. NaSal and aq. NaBenz media were indicative of hydrophobic interactions to be have occurred between TX-100 and CV dye species. Both ${\Delta H}_{b}^{0}$ and ${\Delta S}_{b}^{0}$ values of binding were found to be positive revealing the presence of ion–dipole and hydrophobic interactions which were responsible for the binding of the respective components within the experimental surfactant–dye system. These significant results will be of great resource of knowledge to the researchers in the respective fields as well as highly useful for the formulations of quality products in various textiles and pharmaceutical industries. Graphical Abstract