Recent publications
Switching modulation involving two or more frequencies
exhibits outstanding performance for indirect time-of-flight (i-
ToF) LiDAR to address a problem with resolution and ambiguity
range. However, the accuracy and precision remain issues
when a target is far from the system due to a poorly received
signal. This work improves a LiDAR system by introducing
adjustable gain on the avalanche photodetector (APD) to
enhance the accuracy and precision. The system was experimentally
characterized by measuring a target at 5, 25, and 45
meters with gain settings of maximum, middle, and no gain.
The middle and maximum gain settings improved the signalto-
noise ratio (SNR), accuracy, and precision. Furthermore, the
proposed system may be appropriate for environmental
remote-sensing systems, such as mapping and autonomous
navigation.
A large percentage of implants are made of metal-based biomaterials, which have issues with mechanical performance and biocompatibility. Because of their advantageous qualities, titanium alloys—especially Ti6Al4V—are used extensively; nonetheless, issues have been raised about the release of aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V) ions and the health problems that go along with them. Furthermore, Ti6Al4V’s elastic modulus (110 GPa) is significantly greater than that of human bone (10–40 GPa), which might result in stress shielding phenomena that could lead to implant failure. To overcome these obstacles, this work explores the consequences of adding iron (Fe) to a unique Ti–6Mo–8Cr alloy. Fe raises the hardness of the alloy and decreases its elastic modulus while intensifying the β phase. Furthermore, a higher corrosion potential in 0.9% NaCl indicates that Fe inclusion greatly increases corrosion resistance while preserving biocompatibility, as shown by the non-toxicity to bone marrow stem cells. These results demonstrate the promise of Fe-modified Ti–6Mo–8Cr alloys as biomaterials for various biomedical uses, especially in resolving the biological and mechanical issues with traditional titanium alloys.
This paper highlights potential active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) generations from improper disposal of medicines and captures the perceptions of key stakeholders - households and pharmaceutical actors in Upper Citarum River Basin (UCRB). Most pharmaceutical waste is disposed of with household waste, suggesting landfills are the most significant APIs contamination sources. We highlight the complex relationship between knowledge, risk perception, and behavioural intentions, stressing the relevance of risk perception as a mediator when studying how knowledge affects behaviour. Age and income are suggested to moderate risk perception and behavioural intention. There is a heavy use of over-the-counter and prescription drugs in UCRB, especially Paracetamol (426.1 tons/year) and Amoxicillin (343.7 tons/year). Measured herbal APIs highlight the cultural significance and dependence on traditional medicine. We suggest examining the influence of affect on perception and behaviour in safe medicine disposal and the environmental and health risk impact of APIs in the water systems.
This study explores the culinary linguistic landscape of Kupang City, Indonesia, through an analysis of signboards in public spaces. Kupang, a multicultural and multilingual city, exhibits its diversity through the language choices on culinary signage, reflecting cultural identity, heritage, and modern influences. Using a qualitative approach, this research examines the linguistic of culinary signboards, focusing on language selection, cultural symbols, and visual design. Data were collected from 464 culinary signboards across various roads in Kupang. The findings reveal that while Indonesian dominates the signage, local and foreign languages also play significant roles in expressing authenticity and modernity. Culinary signboards function as cultural texts that connect the past and present, highlighting the interplay of tradition and globalization. This study contributes to the understanding of urban sociolinguistic dynamics and offers practical implications for preserving cultural diversity amidst modernization.
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is one of the world’s most destructive and costly pests. Its larvae can attack more than 80 crop species including corn. FAW control efforts that have been carried out by most of our farmers involve synthetic pesticides. The development of plant pesticides with essential oil (EO) base materials is becoming increasingly innovative through nanoemulsion technology. This study aimed to determine the effective concentration/dose of the compound EO nanoemulsion (CEoNE) formula against FAW egg mass. The research was carried out from August to December 2023. FAW egg masses were collected daily in the screen house and brought to the laboratory to count the number of eggs in one egg mass under a stereo microscope. Preliminary tests were conducted to determine whether the right dose affects egg mortality. The results of preliminary tests on the dose of CEoNE showed that at a concentration of 15 ml/L, the average percentage of mortality of FAW egg groups reached more than 60% for 1-, 2- and 3-d-old FAW egg masses. These test results revealed that the concentrations of the CEoNE formula that would be further tested for FAW egg mortality were 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15ml/L to determine the LC50. The results show that, compared with the other treatments, the dose of 13.6 ml/L CEoNE is more effective against 3-d-old egg masses, which indicates that CEoNE has an ovicidal effect on S. frugiperda.
Objective
To evaluate the effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation in maturation and adaptation media on oocyte development, embryo quality, and oocyte viability after vitrification.
Methods
The GSH concentrations were classified into four groups (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) which were added to the maturation medium. The maturation process was conducted in vitro for 24 h. Following maturation, oocytes were fertilized with Bali bull semen for 5-6 h and then cultured for 48 h. The morphological quality of ocytes matured with GSH addition and the vitrification method used was evaluated. Parameters assessed included maturation rate, fertilization rate, embryo development, post-vitrification oocyte morphology, and quality of post-vitrification oocytes with GSH added to the adaptation medium.
Results
The addition of GSH to the maturation medium significantly improved oocyte quality and embryo development ( P <0.05). Specifically, adding 1.5 mM GSH increased the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II from 57.6% without GSH oocytes to 79.0% with 1.5 mM GSH, two-pronuclei fertilization from 47.0% to 72.7%, embryo development from 37.1% to 57.2%, morula formation from 14.6% to 33.7%, and blastocyst formation from 8.1% to 23.8%. Additionally, the survival rate of oocytes post-vitrification increased to 75% with GSH supplementation.
Conclusions
The addition of 0.5-1.5 mM of GSH to the maturation and adaptation media significantly enhanced the metaphase II stage, fertilization rates, cleavage rates, and the survival of oocytes after vitrification. Among the concentrations of 1.5 mM was the most effective in increasing oocyte development and maintaining oocytes viability post-vitrification.
A novel solid state bio‐solar cell is demonstrated based on a purple bacterial reaction center‐light harvesting 1 complex (RC‐LH1) that exhibits high quantum efficiency and long carrier lifetimes. We demonstrate that careful choice of transport layers enables a high open circuit voltage of up to 0.3 V in these solid state biophotovoltaic devices. Electronic processes were investigated with impedance spectroscopy. Equivalent circuit modelling of impedance spectra obtained under illumination at DC offset voltages between open circuit and short circuit conditions revealed two relaxations on microsecond and millisecond time scales that are attributed to the charge transit time and carrier recombination processes, respectively. The operational stability of the solar cells was examined under constant illumination for over 3 hours and a burn‐in time of several minutes was observed, after which operational parameters stabilized. This work is the largest voltage reported for RC‐LH1 based solid state biophotovoltaic devices to date.
The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has become a significant concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential in biota, and diverse implications for human health and wildlife. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in environmental bioremediation techniques for reducing pharmaceutical residues, with a special emphasis on microbial physiological aspects. Numerous microorganisms, including algae, bacteria or fungi, can biodegrade various pharmaceutical compounds such as antibiotics, analgesics and beta-blockers. Some microorganisms are capable of transferring electrons within the cell, and this feature can be harnessed using Bio Electrochemical Systems (BES) to potentiate the degradation of pharmaceuticals present in wastewater. Moreover, researchers are evaluating the genetic modification of microbial strains to improve their degradation capacity and expand list of target compounds. This includes also discuss how environment changes, such as fluctuations in temperature or pH, may affect bioremediation efficiency. Furthermore, the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is emphasised as a major public health issue because it increases the chance for antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerging. This review combines existing information and outlines needed research areas for improving bioremediation technologies in the future.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/MgO copolymer nanofiber composites have been successfully synthesized with MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) variations using the electrospinning method as a promising strategy to obtain nanofiber models. The quantitative analysis of the FTIR spectrum using the Kramers–Kronig (K–K) relationship shows that the change of from (139 → 114) cm−1 indicates the change of strain, crystal symmetry, and phase transition. The crystallinity index increased (26.9 → 31)% caused by the increased concentration of MgO NPs in the composites rose as the result of XRD spectra analysis. The SEM analysis has provided valuable insights into the morphology of cPVDF nanofibers, demonstrating their predominantly linear structure while the influence of MgO concentration on nanofiber diameter decreased (621 → 347) nm. Based on the results, an increase in MgO concentration, a higher vibrational range of optical phonons, and an increase in crystallinity index successfully produced a copolymer material structure dominated by a linear nanofiber structure.
One way to treat diabetes mellitus type II is by using α-glucosidase inhibitor, that will slow down the postprandial glucose intake. Metabolomics analysis of Artabotrys sumatranus leaf extract was used in this research to predict the active compounds as α-glucosidase inhibitors from this extract. Both multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning approaches were used to improve the confidence of the predictions. After performance comparisons with other machine learning methods, random forest was chosen to make predictive model for the activity of the extract samples. Feature importance analysis (using random feature permutation and Shapley score calculation) was used to identify the predicted active compound as the important features that influenced the activity prediction of the extract samples. The combined analysis of multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning predicted 9 active compounds, where 6 of them were identified as mangiferin, neomangiferin, norisocorydine, apigenin-7-O-galactopyranoside, lirioferine, and 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I. The activities of norisocorydine, apigenin-7-O-galactopyranoside, and lirioferine as α-glucosidase inhibitors have not yet reported before. Molecular docking simulation, both to 3A4A (α-glucosidase enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, usually used in bioassay test) and 3TOP (a part of α-glucosidase enzyme in human gut) showed strong to very strong binding of the identified predicted active compounds to both receptors, with exception of neomangiferin which only showed strong binding to 3TOP receptor. Isolation based on bioassay guided fractionation further verified the metabolomics prediction by succeeding to isolate mangiferin from the extract, which showed strong α-glucosidase activity when subjected to bioassay test. The correlation analysis also showed a possibility of 3 groups in the predicted active compounds, which might be related to the biosynthesis pathway (need further research for verification). Another result from correlation analysis was that in general the α-glucosidase inhibition activity in the extract had strong correlation to antioxidant activity, which was also reflected in the predicted active compounds. Only one predicted compound had very low positive correlation to antioxidant activity.
Abstract
This study investigates the preservation of urban heritage in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, exploring the delicate balance between conserving cultural heritage and fostering modern urban development. In the face of rapid urbanization and globalization, Yogyakarta’s rich Javanese heritage encounters significant challenges in maintaining its historical and cultural assets while accommodating contemporary needs. This research underscores the importance of urban heritage—including historical, cultural, and architectural elements—in preserving the identity of metropolitan areas. The primary aim of this study is to analyse Yogyakarta’s policy on cultural preservation, focusing on the city government’s strategies to harmonize heritage conservation with urban development. The methodology employed includes Focus Group Discussions with local leaders, interviews with academics, analysis of government policies, on-site observations, and media content analysis. The findings indicate that Yogyakarta’s approach to cultural heritage management represents a distinctive model within Indonesia, successfully integrating heritage preservation with economic growth and cultural identity. This approach emphasizes the crucial roles of the community and government in safeguarding heritage and traditions. The study proposes a balanced method of development and conservation, presenting Yogyakarta’s model as a potential guide for other cities. This model highlights the value of community involvement and the significance of cultural heritage in enriching contemporary and future societal contexts.
The livelihood of small-scale fishers is highly dependent on marine resources and coastal areas while the condition of marine waters is increasingly unpredictable due to seasonal uncertainty and extreme weather due to climate variability. This condition has a negative impact on fish catches and the income of small-scale fishermen. The study results were obtained through interviews with respondents using a structured questionnaire. Sampling was carried out using multistage random sampling based on the type and number of ships controlled (1 GT-5GT). The total sample of respondents interviewed was 166 fishing households, consisting of 36 respondents from Bandar Lampung City, 65 respondents from South Lampung Regency, and 65 respondents from Tanggamus Regency. Data was evaluated using three analysis methods, namely household income structure, indicators of income vulnerability, and adaptation mechanisms. Income structure and income vulnerability use a quantitative approach, while adaptation mechanisms use a qualitative approach. The results of this empirical study found that the source of income of traditional capture fisher households is from: fishing business (on the farm) averaged 82.22%, in Tanggamus Regency, the proportion reached 86.22%. The income vulnerability index of traditional capture fisher households (LVI-IPCC value) in Bandar Lampung City and South Lampung Regency is positive (0.39 and 0.36). The income vulnerability index of traditional fishermen in Tanggamus Regency is negative -0.29. Fishermen employ an adaptation mechanism that engaged the five fundamental facets of income capital, namely natural capital, human capital, physical capital, financial capital, and social capital.
Background: The Indonesian government policy regarding obtaining universal coverage through National Health Insurance (NHI) is expected to increase public access to health service facilities, including in disadvantaged areas. This study analysed the role of NHI in hospital utilisation in underprivileged areas of Indonesia. Methods: Data from the 2023 National Socioeconomic Survey were used in this crosssectional study that included 130,331 participants. Hospital utilisation was the dependent variable and NHI membership was the independent variable. Residence, age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, and wealth status were control factors. A multinomial logistic regression was employed in the final stage for data evaluation. Results: In 2023, the hospital utilisation rate in Indonesia’s disadvantaged regions was 1.5% and the percentage of NHI members was 74.5%. People with an NHI membership were 3.01 times more likely to utilise the hospital than those without [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.583.50]. Seven control variables related to hospital utilisation were identified, namely, residence type, age, sex, marital status, education level, employment status, and wealth status. Conclusion: This study concluded that NHI membership influenced hospital utilisation in disadvantaged areas of Indonesia. Individuals with NHI membership were three times more likely to visit hospitals.
Vitamin E acetate (VEA) is commonly used in manufacturing pharmaceuticals, food additives, and animal feeds. However, VEA possesses disadvantages, including low water solubility, low bioavailability, and susceptibility to degradation and oxidation. This study investigated the use of cocoliposomes for encapsulating VEA (VEACL). The cocoliposomes consisted of coconut phospholipids (CocoPLs) and cholesterol (Chol). Several parameters, such as functional groups, transition temperature, encapsulation efficiency (EE), release profile, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, were analyzed to evaluate the impact of cholesterol inclusion on the cocoliposome membrane. The results show that the Fourier transform infrared spectra of VEACL do not exhibit any new, distinct peaks that differ from the peaks of its constituent composition. Therefore, it confirmed that no chemical reactions occurred during the manufacturing of VEACL. Cholesterol in the system raises the transition temperature of phospholipids and enhances the stability of VEACL. The EE remains above 80% despite a 20% increase in cholesterol levels. The release rate of VEA from cocoliposomes was slower with VEACL–20%Chol compared to VEACL–0%Chol. The cholesterol level leads to a decrease in particle size and an increase in the negative zeta potential of the cocoliposomes. Data show that cocoliposomes are effective carriers for VEA encapsulation.
Background: A highly important factor in enhancing quality of patient care and job satisfaction of health care staff is inter-professional communication. Due to the critical nature of the work environment, the large number of staff and units, and complexity of professional tasks and interventions, inter-professional communication in an emergency department is particularly and exceptionally important. Despite its importance, inter-professional communication in emergency department seems unfavorable. Thus, this study was designed to explain barriers to inter-professional communication in an emergency department. Methodology & Methods: This was a qualitative study with content analysis approach, based on interviews conducted with 26 participants selected purposively, with diversity of occupation, position, age, gender, history, and place of work. Interviews were in-depth and semi-structured, and data were analyzed using the inductive content analysis approach. Results: In total, 251 initial codes were extracted from 30 interviews (some of the participants re-interviewed) and in the reducing trend of final results, 5 categories were extracted including overcrowded emergency, stressful emergency environment, not discerning emergency conditions, ineffective management, and inefficient communication channels. Tumultuous atmosphere (physical, mental) was the common theme between categories, and was decided to be the main barrier to effective inter-professional communication. Conclusion: Tumultuous atmosphere (physical-mental) was found to be the most important barrier to inter-professional communication. This study provided a better understanding of these barriers in emergency department, often neglected in most studies. It is held that by reducing environmental turmoil (physical-mental), inter-professional communication can be improved, thereby improving patient care outcomes and personnel job satisfaction.
Background
The marine environment boasts distinctive physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. While numerous studies have delved into the microbial ecology and biological potential of the marine environment, exploration of genetically encoded, deep-sea sourced secondary metabolites remains scarce. This study endeavors to investigate marine bioproducts derived from deep-sea water samples at a depth of 1,000 m in the Java Trench, Indonesia, utilizing both culture-dependent and whole-genome sequencing methods.
Results
Our efforts led to the successful isolation and cultivation of a bacterium Priestia flexa JT4 from the water samples, followed by comprehensive genome sequencing. The resultant high-quality draft genome, approximately 4 Mb, harbored 5185 coding sequences (CDSs). Notably, 61.97% of these CDSs were inadequately characterized, presenting potential novel CDSs. This study is the first to identify the "open-type" (α < 1) pangenome within the genus Priestia. Moreover, our analysis uncovered eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) using the common genome mining pipeline, antiSMASH. Two non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) BGCs within these clusters exhibited the potential to generate novel biological compounds. Noteworthy is the confirmation that the terpene BGC in P. flexa JT4 can produce lycopene, a compound in substantial industrial demand. The presence of lycopene in the P. flexa JT4 cells was verified using Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction modes.
Conclusions
This study highlights the bioprospecting opportunity to explore novel bioproducts and lycopene compounds from P. flexa JT4. It marks the pioneering exploration of deep-sea bacterium bioprospecting in Indonesia, seeking to unveil novel bioproducts and lycopene compounds through a genome mining approach.
Crosstalk is a significant concern in the design of cabling systems for UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). Some factors such as, cable length, type, spacing between cables, and cable layout must be carefully considered to mitigate electromagnetic interference. This study examines various types of cables and the effect of spacing between cables, as well as the effect of cable shields using aluminum and copper to see their effectiveness in reducing crosstalk. Crosstalk levels were measured at both the near end (NEXT) and far end (FEXT) of the cables through CST Cable simulations in the frequency range of 1 to 900 MHz. Results indicate that increased spacing between cables can reduces crosstalk, with higher levels observed at the NEXT compared to the FEXT. Additionally, twisting cables can reduce NEXT crosstalk by up to 19 dBv at a 0 cm distance from the source cable. Furthermore, shielded cables significantly reduce crosstalk above frequency 300 MHz, with copper foil providing a 10 dBv reduction compared to unshielded cables and a 2 dBv reduction over aluminum foil.
BACKGROUND
Adolescent pregnancy is prevalent in Asian-African countries. Hence, it is critical to track the progress of research and development trends related to the topic. The study aimed to characterize published articles on teen pregnancy by measuring the authors’ country and affiliation, most relevant and cited journals, thematic research, and growth trends.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Descriptive statistics and retrospective bibliometric analysis were used. Using the Scopus database, we collected published articles from 2010 to 2023. Titles and abstracts were screened. Eligible papers were reviewed based on co-occurrence analysis. Classification and visualization of results were conducted using VOSviewer software version 1.6.17.
RESULTS
A total of 369 articles were relevant and included in the review. The countries that produced the most publications were South Africa and the United States. The most relevant affiliation was with the University of Cape Town, the University of the Witwatersrand, and the University of Kwazulu-Natal. The most relevant source journals were PLOS One, Reproductive Health, and BMC Public Health. The most cited sources were Lancet, PLOS One, and AIDS Journal. Four clusters were obtained that reflect the main topics, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, child, health services, and pregnancy. The current research terms include HIV infection and maternal health services.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests more research on the term “vertical transmission, breastfeeding, and partner violence” related to teen pregnancy. In addition, this research will inspire researchers and adolescent health policymakers to expand the scope of research to solve teenage pregnancy problems based on interdisciplinary theories and methods.
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Jakarta, Indonesia
Head of institution
Drs. Kukuh Syaefudin Achmad, M.Sc.
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