Babcock University

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have helped to make significant advances in various sectors, but their increasing adoption has generated security issues. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential for safeguarding Wireless Sensor Networks. Previous studies looked at threat detection using machine learning and deep learning approaches, but there was no precise feature selection method for threat classification. As a result, this study developed a Network Intrusion Detection (NID) Model for WSNs by selecting essential features using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Random Forest (RF) as the estimator and predicting threats using a Deep Learning Ensemble (DLE) method. The NSL-KDD dataset was utilised to establish the experimental setup. 123 features were reduced to 16 through Recursive Feature Elimination and Random Forest estimator. Common threats to WSNs include Denial of Service (DoS), Probe, Remote-to-Local (R2L), and User-to-Root (U2R). Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) from deep learning were trained as the base models on the WSN dataset. A Deep Learning Ensemble (DLE) was developed by integrating the base models’ predictions using a voting classifier, and its performance was evaluated and compared to similar models using Accuracy, Precision, recall, and F1 metrics. The performance evaluation results on RFE selected features showed that the CNN model, with an average accuracy score of 96.1%, outperforms RNN and DBN with average accuracy scores of 95.6% and 88.2%, respectively. The developed DLE model had performance score values of 99.6%, 98.9%, 98.4%, and 98.7% for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, respectively. The result of the evaluation of the developed DLE model was benchmarked with the Hybrid Model (CNN & LSTM), RNN (LSTM), and DNN with accuracy values of 97.7%, 92.8%, and 95.6%, respectively. The developed DLE model outperformed the benchmarked models. The developed DLE model, suggested by this research, can be employed with various optimisation methods for an extensive exploration of significant datasets and dimensionality reduction to boost classification accuracy.

Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic contributing to the rising male infertility rates. Addressing testicular dysfunction in diabetic patients requires a multimodal strategy encompassing medication, lifestyle changes, early diagnosis, and innovative treatments targeting specific biochemical pathways. This review explores the mechanisms of diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction and potential intervention targets. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science with keywords related to diabetes and testicular dysfunction. Diabetes leads to reduced testosterone synthesis, decreased spermatogenesis, increased germ cell apoptosis, and damage to Leydig and Sertoli cells. Mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction include: hyperglycaemia oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and disrupted hormone levels among others. Targeting biomolecular regulators involved in the pathogenic pathways offers a promising therapeutic avenue. Additionally, exploring plant-based therapies as alternative treatments shows potential in alleviating testicular dysfunction in diabetes. Implementing a comprehensive approach combining diagnostics, pharmacological interventions, and lifestyle modifications is crucial in managing testicular dysfunction in diabetic individuals. Future research directions suggest the need for large-scale clinical trials, personalized medicine strategies, and innovative technologies to address and mitigate testicular dysfunction in diabetic populations effectively.

In Cameroon, dietary staples are frequently contaminated with diverse toxic fungal metabolites, known as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins and fumonisins are a public health concern, particularly concerning cancer and/or early life stunting. Mycotoxin mixtures are predicted from food measures; and this study reports the levels and frequencies of urinary mycotoxin biomarkers in Cameroonian adults. A single first void urine sample was collected from 89 adults from Yaoundé, Cameroon. Urine samples were tested for eight distinct mycotoxins using measures of both parent compounds and/or their metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Altogether, seven distinct mycotoxins, aflatoxin, fumonisin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, nivalenol, ochratoxin A, and citrinin, (or their metabolites) were observed in urine samples. At least one mycotoxin was detected in all of the urine samples, 87 (98%) of which were above the limit of quantitation. Aflatoxin M 1 was detected in 42% (n.d.-0.21 μg/l) of samples of which about a quarter additionally contained fumonisin B 1 . Of the remaining toxins deoxynivalenol (78%), zearalenone (99%), ochratoxin A (95%), nivalenol (53%), and citrinin (87%) were present in the samples. Alternariol was not detected in any sample. Mixtures of mycotoxins in the samples were frequently observed with 64 samples (72%) containing more than five mycotoxin exposure biomarkers. Estimates of intake exceeded the TDIs for fumonisin B 1 (n = 4), deoxynivalenol (n = 1) and zearalenone (n = 2), no TDI is set for aflatoxin. This study reveals frequent co-exposure of Cameroonian individuals to a complex mixture of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins, with mixtures of aflatoxin and fumonisin being a particular priority from a public health standpoint.

This study explored the adoption of cloud computing in selected academic libraries. A survey research design was used for the study. A sample size of 152 was randomly selected from 250 academic librarians and library officers for the study. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation). The study found that library personnel are aware of cloud computing technology which could enhance effective implementation of the technology in the libraries in Lagos and Ogun States. Furthermore, cloud computing technology was adopted for the purpose of collaboration among staff and users, accessibility, storage digital resources etc. The study revealed a significant number of challenges to adopting cloud computing, such as lack of financial resources, concern for data security, lack of in-house experts, and, most importantly, staff resistance to change. The study recommended that library management address the lack of in-house experts and improve internet connectivity to ensure effective implementation of cloud computing technology.

Steroid 5α-reductase (5αR) converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a potent androgen driving prostate cell proliferation via the androgen receptor (AR). Both 5αR and AR play crucial roles in androgen-mediated disorders, making them key therapeutic targets in drug development. Current treatments target these enzymes individually and often cause significant side effects, highlighting the need for safer alternatives. Through in silico screening, 13 pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Heliotropium indicum (HI) were assessed for their inhibitory potential against 5αR and AR. Using machine learning, six alkaloids showed promising pIC50 values. The accuracy of the models was assessed using key statistical parameters, including the score, correlation coefficient for training sets (R²), correlation coefficient for test sets (Q²), standard deviation (SD), and root mean square error (RMSE). For 5αR, the results were 0.763 (R²), 0.781 (Q²), 0.748 (score), 0.362 (SD), and 0.832 (RMSE), while for AR, the values were 0.817 (R²), 0.783 (Q²), 0.713 (score), 0.427 (SD), and 0.782 (RMSE), indicating reliability. Europine-N-oxide (-10.27 kcal/mol) and Heliotridine-N-oxide (-9.72 kcal/mol) displayed stronger 5αR binding than Finasteride, while Heliotrine (-10.09 kcal/mol) and Europine-N-oxide (-8.76 kcal/mol) outperformed Enzalutamide in AR binding. Key hydrogen bonds and MD simulations confirmed stable interactions. Pharmacokinetic screening revealed favorable drug-like profiles, including good solubility and absorption with minimal CYP enzyme inhibition. These findings suggest that HI alkaloids are promising multi-target inhibitors for BPH treatment, warranting further in vivo validation and optimization.

Purpose Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with cardiovascular risks and comorbid pathologies, particularly cardiorenal disorder. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, are essential fatty acids that regulate metabolic health and ameliorate granulosa inflammation in PCOS. However, the effect of butyrate on cardiorenal damage associated with PCOS is unknown. This study investigated the impact of SCFA and butyrate on cardiorenal abnormalities in PCOS rat model and the probable involvement of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Methods Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into three groups, n = 5, namely control (CTL), PCOS (LEZ), and LEZ + BUT. Induction of PCOS with letrozole (1 mg/kg) lasted for 21 days, while treatment with butyrate (200 mg/kg) commenced after the induction and lasted for 6 weeks uninterruptedly. Results PCOS rats showed hyperandrogenism, multiple ovarian cysts, disrupted metabolic indices (fasting insulin and homeostatic model of insulin resistance), and increased (p < 0.05) plasma troponin T, urea, and creatinine, as well as increased cardiac/renal stroma cell–derived factor-1/caspase-6, malondialdehyde/nuclear factor-kappaB, transforming growth factor-β1, and renal ϒ-glutamyl transferase, while a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in systemic nitric oxide/endothelial nitric oxide synthase and cardiac/renal hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, which were accompanied with a decreased level of PON-1. These systemic and cardiorenal derangements were reversed by butyrate administration. Conclusions The results demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of SCFAs, butyrate, against cardiorenometabolic disorder in a model of PCOS. This beneficial effect is accompanied by an elevated level of PON-1. The present data possibly provides a preclinical relevance for the management of cardiorenal syndrome in PCOS.

Background Cow milk, which is sometimes consumed raw, hosts a plethora of microorganisms, some of which are beneficial, while others raise food safety concerns. In this study, the draft genome of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strain Cow102, isolated from raw cow milk used to produce traditional foods in Nigeria, is reported. Result The genome has a total length of 5,359,907 bp, with 70 contigs and a GC content of 57.35%. A total of 5,244 protein coding sequences were detected with 31% mapped to a subsystem, and genes coding for amino acids and derivatives being the most prevalent. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that the strain had new allelic profile assigned to the novel 6914 sequence type possessing capsular and lipopolysaccharide antigen K locus 122 with an unknown K type (KL122) and O locus O1/O2v2 with type O2afg, respectively. A total of 28 resistance-related genes, 98 virulence-related genes, two plasmids and five phages were identified in the genome. The resistance genes oqxA, oqxB and an IS3 belonging to cluster 204 were traced to bacteriophage Escher 500,465. Comparative analysis predicted one strain specific orthologous group comprising three genes. Conclusion This report of a novel sequence type (ST6914) in K. pneumoniae presents a new allelic profile, indicating ongoing evolution and diversification within the species. Its uniqueness suggests it may represent a locally evolved lineage, although further sampling would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. The strain’s multidrug resistance, virulence gene repertoire, and isolation from animal milk render it a potentially significant public health concern, underscoring the importance of genomic surveillance in non-clinical settings to detect emerging strains. Further research is required to fully characterise the capsular K type of ST6914.

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to various chronic diseases, and xanthine oxidase (XOD) is a significant source of ROS in human metabolism. Propolis, known for its antioxidant properties, contains bioactive compounds that may inhibit XOD and reduce ROS production. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of propolis-derived phytochemicals on XOD through in silico methods. We conducted molecular docking to assess binding affinities and interaction profiles of 48 propolis compounds with XOD’s active site. Key XOD interacting residues including Glu802, Arg880, Thr1010, and Glu1261 played a role in stabilizing the binding of lead compounds through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts. Compounds luteolin, apigenin, and acacetin exhibited high docking scores of -11.650, -11.470, and − 11.284 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating strong binding affinity than the common standards, febuxostat (-7.922 kcal/mol) and allopurinol (-5.707 kcal/mol). MMGBSA calculations supported these findings, with catechin, myricetin, and hesperetin showing favorable binding free energies of -53.48, -48.69, and − 48.40 kcal/mol. QSAR modeling further confirmed the inhibitory potential, with low IC50 values for the most active compounds. ADME-T analysis indicated high gastrointestinal absorption and favorable drug-likeness for several compounds, suggesting promising pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In conclusion, propolis compounds, particularly luteolin, apigenin, and acacetin, show significant potential as natural XOD inhibitors. These findings support further experimental validation of these compounds as antioxidant therapies for managing ROS-related diseases.

Background Mental health problems are common in the elderly; they often go unnoticed, ignored, untreated, or considered part of normal aging. About a quarter of the Nigerian population have mental health problems, out of which 3.26% are elderly. Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence, types, and factors associated with mental illnesses among the elderly. Materials and Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional survey of the elderly. Four hundred and two elderly people were selected by a multistage sampling technique and were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were summarized using proportion and presented in frequency tables. Bivariate analyses were done using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses. The level of significance was set at a 95% confidence interval with P < 0.05. Results The prevalence of mental illness among the elderly respondents was 35.8%. Of all the mental illnesses, generalized anxiety disorder ranked the highest (15.4%), followed by current alcohol dependence (14.9%). The factors found to be associated with mental illness in the elderly included monogamous family type (odds ratio [OR] = 0.211, P = 0.034) and monthly income <50,000 Naira (OR = 85.108, P = 0.003). Conclusion This study revealed that the prevalence of mental illness was high among the community-dwelling elderly respondents of Ogun East Senatorial District. The determinants of mental illness among the elderly were monthly income of <50,000 naira, while monogamous family type was found to be protective of mental illness in the elderly.

Ensuring consumer rights and addressing their various concerns has been identified as a crucial step in securing customer loyalty. However, the e-commerce sector in Nigeria has struggled to retain its customers due to its failure to adequately protect consumer rights. This lack of consumer rights protection has resulted in poor customer loyalty, with users frequently abandoning e-commerce platforms. This study examines the effect of consumer protection on brand loyalty within selected e-commerce firms. The research surveyed 497 active users of these e-commerce platforms with a 90.3% return rate and employed multiple regression analysis to assess the results. The findings revealed that consumer protection has a significant effect on purchase decisions (Adj.R² = 0.660, F(3, 445) = 290.639, p < 0.05), customer trust (Adj.R² = 0.580, F(3, 445) = 207.126, p < 0.05) and customer satisfaction (Adj.R² = 0.590, F(3, 445) = 215.819, p < 0.05) of listed e-commerce firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Consequently, the study concludes that consumer brand protection significantly influences the brand loyalty of selected e-commerce firms, recommending that e-commerce management prioritize the recognition and protection of consumer rights to enhance brand loyalty

Synapse impairment is associated with decline in learning ability and memory loss, which can be activated by enhanced oxidative stress, inflammation and hypermyelination of neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (Hipp), and other brain regions. Thus, we examined trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) neuroprotective mechanisms in cortico-hippocampal axis of rat deprived of sleep with concomitant long-time exposure to formalin inhalation. Thirty-six (36) healthy male Wistar rats (average of 170 ± 10 g) were randomly assigned into six experimental groups (n = 6). Positive control group (CON), TCA (40 mg/kg bw) control group (TCA), sleep deprivation exposure group (SD), 20% formalin inhalation group (FEx), SD + FEx group (SD + FEx) and SD + FEx + TCA group (SD + FEx + TCA). 20% formalin exposure was done via inhalation, with sleep deprivation for 8 h a day, 5 days/week, from day 1 to 56 while TCA was given intraperitoneally, from day 28 to 56 and thereafter, behavioral, biochemical, immunohistochemistry and histomorphology was assessed. SD, FEx and SD + FEx exposure provokes loss of body weight across days, impair short- and long-term memory functions and heightened pro-oxidants molecules with marked decreased endogenous antioxidants status in cortico-hippocampal brain region of the animal. The degree of cortico-hippocampal proinflammatory mediators were further upregulated supported with loss of pyramidal neurons, severe white matter degeneration, axonal loss and hypermyelination. In addition, SD + FEx exposure exacerbates cortico-hippocampal Nrf2 immunopositive cells. Herein, all these assaults were mitigated by TCA treatment, due to its ability to modulate Nrf2 protein, oxido-inflammatory signaling molecule and restore cortico-hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our findings showed the positive neuroprotective effects of TCA against neurodegeneration associated with SD + FEx exposure, by reducing oxido-inflammatory molecules, increasing the endogenous antioxidant defense system modulating Nrf2 protein and abating the loss of cortico-hippocampal neurons and histoarchitecture.

The common factors determining Commercial banks’ lending to SMEs are internal and external factors. This study assessed the combined effect of these two factors that determine the commercial banks’ credit accessibility and SMEs’ growth in Nigeria. Data from 1990 to 2023 were used to evaluate the hypothesis. The outcome demonstrates that internal factors of commercial bank factors on credit accessibility to SMEs was 0.039110 and statistically significant at the 5% level (p-value = 0.0254). The outcome suggests that internal factors of commercial bank determinants on the availability of credit to SMEs play a significant impact in the expansion of SMEs in Nigeria. At the 5 percent level, the external influence of commercial banks on SMEs' access to credit was -0.014003 and statistically insignificant (p-value = 0.2757). The results will substantially aid in designing and implementing monetary policy with regard to the cash reserve requirement. It also conveys to SMEs the significance of cash reserve requirement in improving loan accessibility in Nigeria. As a result, the paper recommends that monetary policy be continually improved to favour SMEs because doing so will facilitate their expansion.

Food safety has been a longstanding challenge, leading local governments, and international agencies to implement various policies to ensure food reaches consumers safely. To develop effective interventions that improve food safety in both formal and informal markets, it is essential to understand the rationales, mindsets, beliefs, and practices that influence consumer decisions. Such interventions should empower consumers to demand safer food. However, there is a notable gap in our understanding of consumer perceptions regarding food safety, which limits the effectiveness of these strategies. This chapter presents findings from a comprehensive study across multiple African countries, including Nigeria, Ghana, Zambia, Egypt, Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Cameroon, Gambia, South Africa, and Benin. By incorporating a diverse sample from these nations, the study captures the cultural, economic, and demographic variations within the continent, offering a holistic view of the factors shaping consumer attitudes towards food safety. The research investigates knowledge levels, prevailing attitudes, and common practices related to food safety among consumers. This multinational approach provides valuable insights into food safety perceptions in Africa, highlighting both commonalities and regional differences. The findings aim to inform policymakers, health professionals, and stakeholders involved in food safety initiatives to address the unique challenges and opportunities within African food systems.

Food packaging plays a critical role in shaping consumer perceptions and behaviors in the modern marketplace. The visual appeal of food packaging significantly impacts consumer perception. Aesthetically pleasing designs, vibrant colors, and clear imagery often attract consumers' attention and convey messages about product quality and freshness. Moreover, packaging materials and sustainability have emerged as key considerations for environmentally conscious consumers. Eco-friendly packaging materials and practices are increasingly favored, reflecting a growing awareness of environmental issues. The information provided on food packaging greatly influences consumer decision-making. Nutritional labels, ingredient lists, and product claims serve as vital sources of information for consumers concerned about health and dietary preferences. Clear and transparent labeling practices build trust and confidence among consumers, enabling them to make informed choices. Furthermore, the convenience and functionality of food packaging significantly impact consumer satisfaction. Packaging innovations such as resealable pouches, portion-controlled packs, and microwaveable containers enhance convenience and ease of use, catering to consumers' busy lifestyles and dietary preferences. The role of packaging in ensuring food safety cannot be overlooked. Sealed packaging, tamper-evident features, and expiration date labels reassure consumers about the integrity and freshness of the product, fostering trust and loyalty towards the brand. Social and cultural factors also influence consumer perceptions of food packaging. Cultural preferences, dietary restrictions, and lifestyle choices shape consumer attitudes towards packaging design, materials, and messaging. Moreover, social media platforms amplify consumer voices, enabling them to share opinions, experiences, and concerns about food packaging, thereby influencing purchasing decisions and brand reputation. In conclusion, consumer perception of food packaging is multifaceted, encompassing visual appeal, information transparency, convenience, safety, and socio-cultural factors. Understanding these dynamics is essential for food manufacturers and marketers to develop packaging strategies that resonate with consumers, build brand loyalty, and drive market success in an increasingly competitive landscape.

Neuropathy is a complex condition characterized by nerve damage and a wide range of symptoms, creating significant challenges in clinical management. Traditional pharmacological treatments often present partial efficacy and adverse side effects, prompting increasing interest in botanical interventions. This review evaluates the effectiveness of various plants in treating neuropathy and neuropathic pain, focusing on their pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, clinical studies, dosage, and safety profiles. Notable plants include Crocus sativus (saffron), Citrullus colocynthis (bitter apple), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), and Cannabis sativa. These botanicals demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and analgesic effects, highlighting their potential to reduce neuropathic pain and improve patients’ quality of life. Future research should focus on optimizing dosages, clarifying long-term effects, and integrating botanicals into broader treatment protocols for neuropathic care.

Introduction Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal compound that is frequently found in personal care and consumer products, and its its impact on male reproductive health is a growing concern. Despite existing experimental studies demonstrating its potential threats to male fertility, reports on its effects on human semen quality remains limited and inconsistent. Therefore, this study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the relationship between triclosan exposure and semen quality. Methods This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024524192) and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Results The study analyzed 562 screened studies, out of which five articles including 1,312 male subjects were finally included in the study. The eligible studies were geographically diverse, with three from China, one from Belgium, and one from Poland. More so, the eligible studies were both case-control and cross-sectional. The meta-analysis revealed that triclosan exposure significantly reduced sperm concentration (Standard Mean Difference (SMD) −0.42 [95% CI: −0.75, −0.10], P = 0.01) and sperm total motility (SMD −1.30 [95% CI: −2.26, −0.34], P = 0.008). Mechanistic insights from animal and in vitro studies showed that oxidative stress may mediate the adverse effects of triclosan on semen quality. Discussion This meta-analysis is the first comprehensive evaluation of the impact of triclosan on human semen quality, highlighting its potential to impair male fertility through reductions in sperm concentration and motility. However, the high heterogeneity among the included studies underscores the need for further high-quality research to establish more definitive conclusions regarding the effects of triclosan exposure on human reproductive health.

Zinc is an essential trace element for human health and a healthy immune system. Zinc is essential for many biological processes in the human body, including cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis, impacting an organism’s ability to grow. When one examines bioinformatics studies that have identified around 3000 human proteins that are thought to bind zinc, the significance of zinc becomes immediately clear. The utilization of zinc in the industry has grown over time; zinc is utilized in dentistry, medicine, and household cooking utensils. Identifying Zn (II) as a constituent of crystalline insulin also affects insulin functioning. During insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cells produce zinc (II) through exocytosis. This study aims to synthesize (Z)-((dimethylcarbamothioyl) thio) ((1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-en-2-yl) oxy) zinc hydrate (ZnHCP) and investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities via in vitro and ex vivo methods. Zinc (II) complex (ZnHCP) was synthesized using standard procedure. The complex was evaluated for its ability to scavenge free radicals, reduce ferric iron, and function as an iron chelator. Oxidative pancreatic injury was induced by FeSO4 and treated with different concentrations of the complex. The inhibitory effect of the ZnHCP on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was evaluated using metformin as standard. Using GraphPad Prism 9.0.1 software for analysis, all data that were presented as mean standard deviation (± SD) were used. Comparing ZnHCP to quercetin (standard), the scavenging property rises significantly with concentration. ZnHCP showed a dose-dependent inhibitory ability against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, compared with the standard drug (metformin). The malondialdehyde, catalase, as well as ectonucleotidase (ENTPDase) activities, were reduced when the damaged pancreas was treated with ZnHCP. Additionally, following treatment with 1000 µg/mL of ZnHCP, the pancreas had the greatest level of catalase and higher levels of ATPase and ENTPDase activities. It was shown that (Z)-((dimethylcarbamothioyl) thio) ((1,1,1-trifluoro-4-oxo-4-phenylbut-2-en-2-yl) oxy) zinc hydrate (ZnHCP) displayed a significant antioxidant potential and considerable α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory activity. Therefore, this synthesized compound (ZnHCP) could be a lead compound in antidiabetic drug discovery.