Autonomous University of Mexico State

Introduction: A quality assurance programme (QAP) must be implemented and monitored to ensure patient radiological safety in mammography units. A QAP should incorporate dosimetric patient quantities, including the mean glandular dose (MGD). The establishment of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) could promote the standardisation of radiological practices. In Mexico, QAP and DRLs are not widely used and their implementation status has not been reported. Methods: In this work, 64 mammography units were evaluated in terms of QAP-dosimetric indicators implementation. From the 26,364 mammography views gathered during the study, local DRLs (LDRLs) were estimated based on MGD for craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views. Nonparametric tests were used to analyse the relationship between exposure parameters (kV, mAs, exposure time) and MGD, categorised by compressed breast thickness (CBT) and patient age. Results: Almost 25 % of mammography units were found to comply with the QAP dosimetric indicators evaluated. The calculated MGD values show a significant positive correlation between CBT and exposure parameters across all age groups. MGD values significantly differed between age groups, with lower values observed in the elderly group. The LDRLs for craniocaudal (CC), mediolateral oblique (MLO), and all mammography views were 1.92, 2.27, and 2.09 mGy, respectively. The LDRLs regarding CBT (<20 110 cm) ranged from 0.80 to 3.05 mGy for CC and from 0.88 to 3.20 mGy for MLO. Conclusion: This study establishes the first mammography LDRL in Mexico. Given the limited compliance of QAP dosimetric indicators, the legal framework for monitoring radiological patient safety should be strengthened.

Crotalus intermedius Troschel, 1865 is a venomous snake endemic to Mexico, inhabiting high-elevation forests and shrublands. This study presents the first formal record of C. intermedius from the State of Mexico and its potential distribution. Only 11.4% of its potential range overlaps with natural protected areas (NPA), with 10.1% in federal NPAs, including our new record from Monte Tláloc within Iztaccíhuatl-Popocaté-petl National Park, and 1.3% in state NPAs. This finding fills a distribution gap in C. intermedius distribution and increases the number of venomous reptile species recorded in the State of Mexico to 16.

The effects of a synthetic M 7.1 strike lateral earthquake are evaluated at five sites in Michoacan state, western Mexico. In this work, the ground motion simulation was applied using the empirical Green’s function method proposed by Irikura (1986) by scaling the recordings of an M 5.1 left-lateral event to a hypothetical M 7.1 event assuming the same source mechanism. An M 4.3 was used as a Green’s function to generate an M 5.1 synthetic earthquake. Comparing the observed and synthetic M 5.1 earthquake, parameters were adjusted in order to scale the M 7.1 earthquake. Seven scenarios were tested for which the corresponding PGA and PGV were calculated. The results show that the maximum intensities at each station depend on the proposed rupture starting point. The highest Peak Ground Acceleration was 74.1 cm/s² corresponding to an intensity MMI of V at FMIR station located 60 km from the epicenter. The synthetic results constitute a useful input for seismic hazard studies in a state with poor instrumental deployment, such as Michoacan, and for technical standards for earthquake design that could be considered in the corresponding construction regulations.

Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758), Surinam Cockroach, is considered introduced to the Western Hemisphere, where it is a species of commercial and veterinary importance. In Mexico, P. surinamensis has been recorded from 17 states, and we newly report it in the states of Campeche, Michoacán, Puebla, and Querétaro, as well as the Ciudad de México, based on the examination of 184 specimens deposited in scientific collections. We also report it from the states of Aguascalientes, Baja California, Chihuahua, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Sonora, and Tabasco based on our review of 952 photographic records from the citizen‑science platform iNaturalist.

Biofertilizers are a sustainable biotechnological alternative for decreasing use of inorganic fertilizer. Some bacterial strains, such as Bacillus pumilus, can solubilize phosphates, making them available to crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Citlali). In this paper was studied the effect of Bacillus sp. strain Fo03, a phosphate solubilizer bacterial strain, on the growth promotion, production, and sprouting of potatoes under greenhouse conditions, compared with inorganic fertilizer. Five treatments were assayed: NPK 100% (T1), NK 100% (T2), Bacillus sp. strain Fo03, BP (T3), BP + NPK 50% (T4), and BP + NK 50% (T5). The parameters evaluated were plant height, fresh and dry weights, number of internodes, SPAD values, fresh weight of tubers, total number of tubers, number of tubers with diameters greater than or equal to 15 mm, length and width of sprouts. Treatments T1 and T4 showed a similarity in plant height (21.65 cm, 20.95 cm), number of internodes (12.42, 13.11), fresh weight (9.97 g, 5.53 g), and dry weight (1.87 g, 1.08 g), respectively. The tuber fresh weight (g), number of total tubers, tuber diameter ≥ 15 mm, and sprout width were statistically significant in T4 compared to the treatment with Bacillus sp. strain Fo03. The highlight result was the effect combined of Bacillus sp. strain Fo03 and the half dose of mineral fertilizer (NPK 50%) for having good yield of potato cultivation (growth, production, and sprouting), providing to farmers an alternative response for decreasing use of inorganic fertilizers. The use of Bacillus sp. strain Fo03 as biofertilizer may have a promising effect on the quality of potatoes, particularly in sprout length and width.

Ensuring safety in public transportation is a critical challenge for various levels of government in Mexico, where theft continues to be a frequent and concerning threat. This paper presents a novel system, the Smart Alert System for Public Transport Robberies (SAS-PT), which leverages Deep Learning combined with Transfer Learning techniques to analyze and classify audio signals indicative of robbery attempts. Our approach adapts pre-trained neural network models, refining them to detect specific audio cues linked to theft scenarios. We evaluate the system’s effectiveness across various pre-trained architectures and examine factors such as ambient noise and audio fidelity to optimize performance in real-world conditions. Results from experimental trials demonstrate that the SAS-PT achieves high detection accuracy, offering a reliable mechanism for rapid emergency alerts and enhancing safety within public transport networks.

EcoNicheS (https://github.com/armandosunny/EcoNicheS) is a comprehensive R package built on a Shiny dashboard that offers an intuitive and streamlined workflow for creating ecological niche models (ENMs) and landscape connectivity models. It incorporates tools for niche modeling, overlap analysis, and connectivity modeling, leveraging robust algorithms from the biomod2 suite. EcoNicheS is designed to simplify the technical complexities of ENMs, bridging the gap between advanced modeling techniques and user accessibility. The package offers an interactive interface for streamlined data input, model parameterization, and result visualization. Its comprehensive toolset includes occurrence data processing, pseudoabsence point generation, urbanization filters, and ecological connectivity modeling, distinguishing it from other platforms. EcoNicheS integrates innovative workflows with dynamic output visualizations while emphasizing reproducibility and comparability across statistical methods. Its practical applications span diverse research fields, including biogeography, epidemiology, evolutionary studies, climate change impacts, landscape connectivity, and biodiversity conservation. This versatility makes EcoNicheS a valuable resource for advancing in ecological and conservation science.

DNA serves as the foundation for molecular biology, leading to the development of numerous molecular techniques. Often, these techniques necessitate the separation and visualization of specific DNA regions. Electrophoresis provides a solution for this requirement. However, the purification of DNA from agarose gels presents a significant challenge, both in terms of complexity and cost. Therefore, here we propose two main protocols that are both cost-effective and efficient based on silica columns or freezing follow by alcohol precipitation. In the case of silica column extraction, the gel was partially or completely dissolved, yielding DNA in most situations. In the case of extraction by freezing and precipitation with ethanol, DNA was obtained in only two out of three treatments. A successful bacterial transformation and PCR were achieved confirmed the suitability of the recovered DNA for further applications.

Nonlinear molecular excitations in DNA have traditionally been studied within the framework of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). An alternative approach is based on the plane-base rotator model and SU(2)/U(1) generalized spin coherent states, which leads to a cubic-quintic NLSE. Higher-order nonlinearities are particularly useful for modelling complex interactions, such as those in DNA-protein systems, where multiple competing forces play a significant role. Additionally, the surrounding viscous medium introduces dissipative forces that influence the propagation of molecular excitations, resulting in energy dissipation and damping effects. These damping effects are modelled using the quasi-stationary method, which describes the system’s near-equilibrium behaviour. In this work, we analyse the evolution of nonlinear molecular excitations in DNA-protein systems, accounting for damping effects, and discuss potential applications to the transcription process.

This study examines the determinants of the sustainable use of artificial intelligence (AI) among university professors in Peru. This research adopted a quantitative approach through a cross-sectional empirical–explanatory study, employing a structural equation model. Data were collected from 368 professors from eight Peruvian universities using a structured questionnaire that assessed six main constructs: attitude toward AI, prejudice against AI, facilitating conditions, use of AI, teaching concerns, and ethical perception. While the results reveal significant correlational relationships—with attitude toward AI, facilitating conditions, and prejudice against AI showing a significant association with its sustainable use, and the use of AI showing a significant relationship with professors’ ethical perceptions—the cross-sectional nature of this study precludes causal inferences. No significant relationship was found between the use of AI and teaching concerns. Additionally, demographic variables such as gender and age did not exhibit significant moderating effects. These findings contribute to understanding the factors related to the sustainable adoption of AI in higher education and provide valuable insights for the development of effective institutional strategies in the Latin American context.

Placement of dental implants is often compromised due to alveolar ridge resorption caused by postextraction defects, periodontal disease, traumatic tooth avulsion, or long-term edentulism. During the last two decades, various techniques have been proposed for reconstructing atrophic alveolar processes. Different therapeutic modalities have been implemented to achieve bone gain. These techniques require an orderly sequence of maneuvers, which involves handling the soft and hard tissues to minimize the risk of complications. A clinical case of reconstruction of an atrophic alveolar process with xenograft, FRP and titanium mesh, placement of an implant and immediate provisionalization is reported. The reported case had a significant horizontal and vertical bone deficiency. The combination of different elements, such as the xenograft combined with FPR, the placement of a titanium mesh, and the final coverage of the mesh with a fibrin-rich plasma (FRP) membrane, resulted in a gain not only in the horizontal but also in the vertical direction.

Bioactive protein hydrolysates from Dosidicus gigas, obtained via Bacillus subtilis fermentation (20 °C, 4–8 h), were assessed for functional properties and their impact on jumbo squid sausage preservation. The hydrolysates exhibited strong antioxidant activity (742.17 μmol TE/g) and inhibited key metabolic enzymes: α-glucosidase (93.29%), α-amylase (20.87%), lipase (35.44%), and ACE-I (88.96%), indicating potential benefits for managing diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Sausages enriched with 0.1% hydrolysates, stored at 4 °C, had a 95.5% longer shelf life (43 vs. 22 days), reduced microbial spoilage (TVC: 3.68 vs. 5.42 Log CFU/g), and 35.6% lower total volatile bases. Water-holding capacity improved (88.21% vs. 87.15%), and oxidative browning was delayed, preserving color stability. These results highlight D. gigas hydrolysates as multifunctional bioactive compounds with potential as natural stabilizers in clean-label formulations. Their capacity to enhance food stability and replace synthetic preservatives offers a sustainable, innovative strategy for the functional food industry.

Infectious coryza (IC) caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (AP) has risen in importance as a poultry disease over the past several years because of its increased incidence in commercial poultry in both Europe and the United States. Because of this rise in importance, more attention has been focused on diagnosis, isolation, and surveillance of this bacterial pathogen. As a result, new knowledge has been produced and published. This review was compiled with the main purpose of summarizing and presenting the updated knowledge available about AP. However, the new knowledge can only be understood in the context of previously known facts about the disease. Therefore, this review has been organized in two major parts. The first part is a review of the established knowledge about AP, followed by recent updates. In the first part, we summarize the established well-known as well as some of the less-known facts and literature about AP. The second section focuses on specifics of the latest IC outbreaks in commercial poultry in northern latitudes, particularly in Europe and in North America. Additionally, we reviewed the current geographical distribution of the disease in Asia, South America, and Africa. The crises created by emerging or re-emerging disease outbreaks ignite interest in understanding the disease and pathogen in order to combat it properly. This results in new knowledge that improves the understanding of the disease features, leading to improved disease prevention, control, and eradication. Although knowledge about AP has advanced, knowledge gaps about the disease still persist. Therefore, this review concludes with summarizing the current knowledge gaps as well as potential areas for future research.

Introduction: Impetigo is a relatively common superficial infection of the skin and soft tissues. Although its prevalence is more significant in childhood, it might also occur in adulthood, affecting the quality of life of our patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ozenoxacin 1% with placebo or mupirocin was conducted. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Results: Four RCTs with 754 patients met the inclusion criteria. Ozenoxacin significantly improved the clinical success (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.26, and I² = 0%) and reduced the clinical failure (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.39–0.75, and I² = 0%) compared to the placebo. Microbiological success was also superior (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05–1.58, and I² = 4%), while the microbiological failure was significantly lower (RR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.21–0.46, and I² = 0%). Comparisons with mupirocin showed similar efficacy, though the estimates were less precise. Conclusions: Ozenoxacin 1% is an effective treatment for impetigo, significantly improving clinical and microbiological outcomes while reducing the failure rates compared to the placebo. Its efficacy is comparable to mupirocin, suggesting it as a viable alternative for first-line therapy. Given the low heterogeneity observed, these findings support the clinical use of ozenoxacin for impetigo management. Future large-scale RCTs and direct comparative studies are warranted to further validate its therapeutic benefits.

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents an alarming global public health concern exacerbated by livestock antibiotic misuse, affecting humans and the environment. However, the precise magnitude of antimicrobial residue concentrations in animal‐derived products remains not well understood. This study aimed to quantify antimicrobial residues in animal products through an analytical literature review. Methods This review covered the scientific articles from 1977 to 2020. The antimicrobials were classified according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines into four categories. The final database comprised seven qualitative variables (antibiotic, antibiotic class, region, country, decade, EMA category, animal product and animal species) and one quantitative variable (residue concentration recorded as µg/kg). Due to the number of variables involved in the study, a multivariate analysis approach was used using a Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) carried out in R. Results The highest concentrations of antimicrobial residues were detected in fish samples, followed by egg. Notably, concentrations of ruminant‐derived products were lower than to monogastric. β‐Lactam was the most prevalent residue followed by aminoglycosides, sulphonamides and quinolones, respectively. Moreover, South America had the highest residues levels, followed by Asia and Europe. Conclusions The multivariate analysis reveals a possible association between the EMA category, animal species, antimicrobial class and animal product. In conclusion, the concentration of antimicrobial residues in products of animal origin depends mainly on their origin (product, species and geographic region), showing the highest concentrations in products derived from fish and poultry.

Supplemental zinc in fattening lambs improves their health, performance, and meat quality. However, the Zn effect on grazing animals combined with different levels of concentrate should be known unknown. The objective was to evaluate the Zn-organic effect in the diet of grazing lambs supplemented with two levels of concentrate on growth, dry matter (DM) intake, carcass traits, body composition, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in Longissimus dorsi muscle. Twenty-eight lambs were used in a factorial arrangement of two levels of concentrate (C) feed intake (C-0.75 and C-1.5% of live weight) and two Zn-Met levels (0 and 80 ppm Zn kg−1 DM) on the grazing of Lolium perenne L. Digestibility and dry matter intake, weight gain, and productive performance were measured. At the end of the fattening period (90 d), the lambs were slaughtered and the carcass traits, body composition, instrumental quality, and lipid profile of meat were evaluated. The effect of treatment (T), measurement period (P), and T × P interaction was observed (p < 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI). For the final live weight (FLW) and daily weight gain (DWG), there was an effect (p < 0.05) of T and P, with Zn-80 ppm + C-1.5% treatment being greater. The live weight at slaughter (LWS) and leg length (LL) showed an effect (p < 0.05) of C × Zn. Zn-80 ppm + C-1.5% treatment was higher in the kidney fat, empty body weight, carcass fat, fat and retained energy but lower in protein content (p < 0.05). The physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid content of meat were not affected (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the concentrated-organic zinc synergy in grazing lambs improved the performance, weight gain, and body composition, which resulted in heavier carcasses with greater amounts of fat, protein, and energy deposited. Furthermore, the physical and chemical meat traits were not affected, but the n-3 fatty acid content and n-3/n-6 ratio in Longissimus dorsi was affected by the Zn level supplemented.

The influence of nano-encapsulated Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on total gas (GP), ruminal methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production, and fermentation activities of diets based on two different protein levels were investigated. A completely randomized experimental design with a factorial arrangement (2 × 4 × 4) with three replications was used. Factor 1 was the dietary protein levels (14%and 18%), factor 2 was the types of extracts used (TE; negative control (without extract), positive control (empty chitosan nano-capsules), Y. schidigera extract nano-capsules, and crude Y. schidigera extract), and factor 3 the doses of each type of extract (ED; 0-, 0.25-, 0.5-, and 1.0- mL extract/g DM). Nano-chitosan reduced the GP production with a higher protein level by 24.9% after 48 h while the crude extract elevated it. At both crude protein levels, the interaction of crude extract at an ED of 0.25 mL extract/g DM generated a higher volume of CH4 at 6 h (p = 0.001 and 0.001 respectively) compared to the volume generated by the negative control. The 0.25 mL extract/g DM extract for both the crude extract and nano-extract elicited higher and lower CO production at 6 h (p < 0.0001), respectively. Nano-chitosan at 0.25 mL extract/g DM resulted in less H2S produced at 6 h than when crude extract was used at the same dose and a higher protein level (p = 0.027). The ED did not significantly affect any of the parameters under consideration as used under lower protein levels. However, TE affected pH and dry matter degradability (p < 0.0001) while the interaction of both TE and ED impacted both CH4:SCFA and CH4:ME (p = 0.045) with higher and lower values obtained for nano-chitosan and the negative control, respectively. In conclusion, nano-chitosan at a higher protein level proved its antimicrobial property, and although the production of CO increased at 14% protein, in vitro fermentation indicated its ability to minimize the production of GP, methane and hydrogen sulphide in the rumen, and to boost the degradability of DM and methane conversion efficiency.