Autonomous University of Chiapas

Purpose The role of factors that could be associated with the diagnosis, hospitalisation, and severity risk of virus-caused acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is limited in Mexican children and adolescents. Methods To determine whether demographic and clinical factors may be associated with viral infections, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez” from January 2021 to December 2022. Nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with respiratory symptoms were tested for a PCR-based multiplexed nucleic acid test to identify respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Results Among the 2,133 positive viral tests, 71% were mono-infections, and 29% were co-infections, with Rhinovirus/Enterovirus being the most frequent virus in this population. Besides, a negative association was identified in co-infecting viruses. Several demographics (age and gender) and clinical factors (signs/symptoms, comorbidities [immunosuppression and cardiovascular disease], and immunisation status [Flu and COVID-19 vaccination]) were associated with virus aetiology, the nature of the infection and patient status. Conclusions Our data highlights the relevance of the factors related to virus-caused ARIs in paediatric patients. These factors could help clinicians manage medical cases regarding diagnosis, hospitalisation, and severity risk. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

This study introduces a novel method for classifying whole and lactose-free milk and the detection of water adulteration through analyzing dried droplets. The key innovation is the addition of NaCl, which modulates crystallization to enhance structural differentiation and facilitate the classification of milk types and detection of adulteration. Dried droplets of milk containing NaCl concentrations of 0%, 2%, and 4% were analyzed, revealing distinct morphologies, including amorphous, cross-shaped, and dendritic crystals. These structures were quantitatively characterized using lacunarity to assess their discriminatory power. Two classification approaches were evaluated: one based on lacunarity analysis alone and another incorporating deep learning. Both methods yielded high classification accuracies, with lacunarity achieving 95.04%±6.66%, while deep learning reached 95.22%±4.47%. Notably, the highest performance was obtained with 2% NaCl, where lacunarity reached 97.08%±2.27% and deep learning 96.88%±2.8%, indicating improved precision and stability. While deep learning demonstrated more consistent performance across test cases, lacunarity alone captured highly discriminative structural features, making it a valuable complementary tool. The integration of NaCl and lacunarity analysis offers a robust and interpretable methodology for ensuring the quality and authenticity of dairy products, particularly in detecting adulteration, where morphological contrast is less evident.

J. M. (2025, mayo-julio). Adicción a la comida: emociones, decisiones y un cerebro desajustado. Revista Digital Universitaria (rdu), 26(3). Resumen Aunque el estudio científico de las causas del sobrepeso y la obesidad han recibido mucha atención, a la fecha el número de personas afectadas no deja de crecer en muchos países. En México, en los últimos años se han implementado una serie de estrategias antiobesidad que, a juzgar por los datos actualmente disponibles, no han tenido los mejores resultados. Este problema de salud parece estar lejos de resolverse, al menos si seguimos aproximándonos a él de la misma forma en la que lo hemos hecho. Tal vez sea momento de reorientar los esfuerzos para generar una estrategia verdaderamente preventiva que contemple al funcionamiento cerebral como uno de los eslabones más importantes de esta cadena de eventos que puede llevarnos a la ganancia excesiva de peso. Palabras clave: obesidad, hedonismo, circuito cerebral de la recompensa, adicción, comida, alimentación emocional. Abstract Although the scientific study of the causes of overweight and obesity has received much attention, the number of people affected continues to grow in many countries. In Mexico, a series of anti-obesity strategies have been implemented in recent years, which, judging by the currently available data, have not yielded the best results. This health problem seems far from being resolved, at least if we continue to approach it in the same way we have so far. It may be time to redirect efforts toward generating a truly preventive strategy that considers brain function as one of the most important links in the chain of events that can lead to excessive weight gain.

Agricultural production of Cicer arietinum demands, the use of nitrogen fertilizer as NH4NO3, its excessive application causes the loss of soil productivity and global warming by releasing N2O. An ecological to solve this problematic condition could be: to isolate endophytic bacterial genera that promote plant growth such as: Azotobacter vinelandii and Burkholderia vietnamiensis, from Leucaena leucocephala a wild plant able to face nutritional environmental, that allow reducing and optimizing the dose of NH4NO3 at 50%, non-compromising healthy plant growth of C. arietinum. Therefore, the objectives of this work were: i) to isolate of endophytic genus of A. vinelandii and B. vietnamiensis from L. leucocephala, ii) to analyze the effect of A. vinelandii and/or B. vietnamiensis on growth of C. arietinum at 50% NH4NO3, iii) to identify A. vinelandii and B. vietnamiensis based on the biochemical profile. The isolation of A. vinelandii was in Burk agar and B. vietnamiensis on PCAT. The results showed that A. vinelandii and B. vietnamiensis isolated from L. leucocephala were beneficial to the healthy growth of C. arietinum by increasing the germination percentage and reducing the emergence time while both the phenology and biomass of C. arietinum were positively affected by 50% NH4NO3; based on the conversion of organic compounds in the root into phytohormones by A. vinelandii and/or B. vietnamiensis better when inoculated as a mixture than individually with numerical values that were statistically different by ANOVA-Tukey (P < 0.05), compared to the same numerical variables of C. arietinum growth with 100% NH4NO3 uninoculated, used as a relative control. While it was found that A. vinelandii showed a biochemical profile of this genus and species with cyst production while B. vietnamiensis had the biochemical profile of this genus and species. The above supports the idea that L. leucocephala is an important source of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria for sustainable agriculture without damaging the soil or generating N2O to mitigate due to conventional agriculture production of C. arietinum.

Desde las primeras décadas del siglo xxi, y tras la pandemia por Coronavirus, hemos reflexionado sobre la vulnerabilidad de nuestros cuerpos humanos y la necesidad de incorporar prácticas de cuidado en nuestra vida cotidiana. Estas prácticas, centradas en la prevención, mantenimiento y recuperación de la salud física, emocional y mental, incluyen el acompañamiento de personas que requieren atención especial. Este artículo aborda debates actuales sobre el cuidado y el reconocimiento de nuestra vulnerabilidad corporal, enfocados en cómo influyen en la organización diaria de la vida familiar y las prácticas de cuidado en espacios privados e íntimos. A través de experiencias etnográficas, se propone una reflexión ético-política que busque transformar los esfuerzos fragmentados en “políticas de cuidado” hacia un “sistema de cuidados” integral, particularmente en contextos desiguales como los latinoamericanos.

Mexico is the center of origin and the leading exporter of papaya (Carica papaya) to the United States of America and Canada. The changes in the fruit’s firmness during ripening result from the action of several enzymes implicated in the synthesis/hydrolysis of cell wall polysaccharides. A vast family of genes encodes xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) enzymes, which act on cellulose-bound xyloglucan bonds. There are few reports on the action of the XTH6 and XTH23 genes; therefore, their participation in the fruit development and maturity processes has yet to be fully known. The expression levels of the CpXTH6 and CpXTH23 genes, and their correlation with firmness, at different stages of development and ripening of the C. papaya fruit were determined in this work. The CpXTH6 and CpXTH23 genes reached their highest expression level during fruit development. These results suggest that these genes are activated in papaya mainly during fruit development to encode the enzymes that allow cell growth and maintain fruit firmness. These findings could be used to target papaya breeding texture quality and the speed of fruit growth.

Extended gamma-ray emission around isolated pulsars at TeV energies, also known as TeV halos, have been found around a handful of middle-aged pulsars. The halos are significantly more extended than their pulsar wind nebulae but much smaller than the particle diffusion length in the interstellar medium. The origin of TeV halos is unknown. Interpretations invoke either local effects related to the environment of a pulsar or generic particle transport behaviors. The latter scenario predicts that TeV halos would be a universal phenomena for all pulsars. We searched for extended gamma-ray emission around 36 isolated middle-aged pulsars identified by radio and gamma-ray facilities using 2321 days of data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. Through a stacking analysis comparing TeV flux models against a background-only hypothesis, we identified TeV halolike emission at a significance level of 5.10σ. Our results imply that extended TeV gamma-ray halos may commonly exist around middle-aged pulsars. This reveals a previously unknown feature about pulsars and opens a new window to identify the pulsar population that is invisible to radio, x-ray, and GeV gamma-ray observations.

The transmembrane glycoprotein gp45 (implicated in virus-equine B lymphocyte binding and in subsequent infection) is an important protein used as an antigen in the serological diagnosis of equine infectious anemia, but synthetic peptides derived from its structure are not. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of the Bio-AIELAB immunoassay (novel synthetic peptide P05/gp45) in comparison with a similar commercial assay (ELISA EIA, VMRD Inc, USA) and with the gold standard (AGID, LABIOFAM, Cuba). A total of 365 samples of sera from naturally infected Cuban horses (positive: 179, and negative: 186) were investigated by Bio-AIELAB and AGID, of which 299 (positive: 147, and negative: 152) were analysed by ELISA EIA. The performance indicators used in all cases were: relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values, as well as concordance according to the Kappa index. The Bio-AIELAB system obtained the best performance in sensitivity (99.44%, 178/179), specificity (95.16%, 177/186) and concordance (Kappa index: 0.94) with respect to ELISA EIA test. Based on the above elements, Bio-AIELAB could be a promising candidate for use in equine infectious anemia surveillance programs in combination with the AGID test. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11259-025-10707-x.

This work presents the characterization of a membrane of an indicator dye, methyl red, combined with an imidazole, called lophine, based on different pH values in water. A spectroscopy study was carried out to analyze the pH dependence as a function of the absorbance to varying amounts of methyl red and lophine. This study shows the hyperchromic behavior of the membrane composed of both elements separately and finally, mixed subjected to different pH values. Finally, as an application, the use of this mixture as a coating for a section of optical fiber thinned by chemical attack is proposed.

Biochar is emerging as a sustainable material for addressing critical environmental challenges, including water pollution and carbon sequestration. In this study, biochar derived from papaya seed biomass via slow pyrolysis was investigated for its efficacy in removing organic dyes from aqueous solutions. Both biochar and chemically functionalized biochar were comprehensively characterized using XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET surface area analysis, and SEM/EDS to elucidate their structural, morphological, and surface properties. The adsorption performance was assessed using methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), malachite green (MG), and methyl orange (MO) as model contaminants, with particular attention to adsorption kinetics and equilibrium behavior. The unmodified biochar exhibited moderate adsorption capacities, primarily driven by π − π interactions and a limited number of functional groups, achieving removal efficiencies of 55.5, 97.8, and 12.9% for MB, MG, and RhB, respectively, while MO showed negligible adsorption. Remarkably, chemical functionalization with KMnO₄ significantly enhanced biochar performance, increasing surface area and functional group diversity. This modification enabled the complete removal (100%) of MB and MG within six minutes, alongside substantial improvements for RhB and MO, achieving 100 and 88% removal, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo‒second‒order model (R² > 0.99), indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, while Langmuir isotherms (R² = 0.993 − 0.999) suggested monolayer adsorption. Additionally, the intraparticle diffusion model highlighted the synergistic contributions of surface interactions and pore diffusion to overall adsorption efficiency. These findings establish chemically functionalized papaya seed biochar as a highly efficient, low‒cost adsorbent for dye removal, underscoring its potential for environmental remediation. The innovative utilization of papaya seed biomass not only adds value to agricultural waste but also advances sustainable water treatment strategies, reinforcing its significance in environmental science and engineering.

In this work, we experimentally investigate the narrow escape problem using self-propelled camphor-infused discs, which have the possibility to escape from a bounded circular domain through an opening in the...

The efficient removal of synthetic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), continues to pose a significant challenge due to their high stability, toxicity, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. In this study, CaO-Fe₃O₄ compounds were synthesized using a sustainable ball-milling technique, utilizing calcium oxide derived from eggshells and Fe₃O₄. The compounds were calcined at temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 °C to optimize their structural and photocatalytic properties. The sample calcined at 400 °C exhibited the highest surface area (17.86 m²/g), the narrowest bandgap (2.10 eV), and the coexistence of CaO, Ca(OH)₂, and γ-Fe₂O₃ phases, making it an ideal candidate for achieving high dye removal efficiency. Under visible light, this sample completely degraded MB at 10 ppm within 30 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant (kₐₚₚ) of 0.110 min⁻¹ and a half-life (t₁/₂) of 6.30 min. At an MB concentration of 50 ppm, complete degradation was achieved in 90 min. Radical scavenging experiments indicated that superoxide radicals (·O₂⁻) played a key role in the degradation mechanism. For MG (100 ppm), the maximum adsorption capacity (qₑ) was 1111.11 mg/g, fitting the Langmuir model (R² = 0.996) with an equilibrium constant (KL) of 0.6822 L/mg, indicating a highly favorable process. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² ≈ 0.999), suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that MG adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, with negative Gibbs free energy, positive enthalpy, and increased entropy. This study proposes an eco-friendly and efficient approach for dye removal, integrating waste valorization. Graphical Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between body weight (BW) and hip width (HW) in dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). HW was measured in 215 Murrah buffaloes with a BW of 341 ± 161.6 kg, aged between three months and five years, and raised in southeastern Mexico. Linear and non-linear regressions were used to construct the prediction models. The goodness of fit of the models was evaluated using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R2), mean squared error (MSE), and root MSE (RMSE). Additionally, the developed models were evaluated through internal and external cross-validation (k-folds) using independent data. The ability of the fitted models to predict the observed values was assessed based on the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), R2, and mean absolute error (MAE). The relationship between BW and HW showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). The chosen fitted model to predict BW was: −176.33 (± 40.83***) + 8.74 (± 1.79***) × HW+ 0.04 (± 0.01*) × HW2, because it resented the lowest MSE, RMSE, and AIC values, which were 1228.64, 35.05 and 1532.41, respectively. Therefore, with reasonable accuracy, the quadratic model using hip width may be suitable for predicting body weight in buffaloes.

A dedicated search for upward-going air showers at zenith angles exceeding 110° and energies E > 0.1 EeV has been performed using the Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The search is motivated by two “anomalous” radio pulses observed by the ANITA flights I and III that appear inconsistent with the standard model of particle physics. Using simulations of both regular cosmic-ray showers and upward-going events, a selection procedure has been defined to separate potential upward-going candidate events and the corresponding exposure has been calculated in the energy range [0.1–33] EeV. One event has been found in the search period between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018, consistent with an expected background of 0.27 ± 0.12 events from misreconstructed cosmic-ray showers. This translates to an upper bound on the integral flux of ( 7.2 ± 0.2 ) × 10 − 21 cm − 2 sr − 1 y − 1 and ( 3.6 ± 0.2 ) × 10 − 20 cm − 2 sr − 1 y − 1 for an E − 1 and E − 2 spectrum, respectively. An upward-going flux of showers normalized to the ANITA observations is shown to predict over 34 events for an E − 3 spectrum and over 8.1 events for a conservative E − 5 spectrum, in strong disagreement with the interpretation of the anomalous events as upward-going showers. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Our analysis covers 122 scientific publications about health issues in free-ranging Neotropical ungulates produced between 1990 and 2022, with an emphasis on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and parasites. Most studies focus on parasitology (43.4%) and bacteriology (15.6%), while body condition (0.8%), toxicology (1.6%), virology (6.6%), and health assessments (6.6%) are less studied. Brocket deer ( Mazama americana and M. gouazoubira ), followed by peccaries ( Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari ), and the lowland tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ) were the most frequent species surveyed (61.4% of all publications). We detected considerably higher numbers of studies and health topics covered in Brazil ( n = 64; 52.5% of the total) compared to other Latin American countries. We emphasize the need for further research focused on poorly known health aspects of Neotropical ungulates that have received little attention in the past, especially the Chacoan peccary ( Catagonus wagneri ), taruca deer ( Hippocamelus antisensis ), Northern pudu ( Pudu mephistopheles ), and the least known Mazama species. Ecotoxicology and pathology studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of agrochemicals and other human disturbances on Neotropical ungulate populations in the wild. We encourage further research on the human impacts and trends of change in the epidemiology of infectious diseases, parasites, and health status of Neotropical wild ungulate populations.

The spread of digital communication around the globe has raised questions about the nature of digitally mediated cultural identity and how worldviews are constructed in the context of permeable and dynamic communities less tethered to physical geography. To expand research on the impacts of digital communication on cultural identity development among adolescents in the Majority World, the present study compared the worldviews of indigenous Maya adolescents before and after the Internet and mobile devices became widely used in their community. Adolescents were interviewed in 2009 (N = 80; 40 girls, Mage = 16.94) and in 2018 (N = 79; 44 girls, Mage = 15.91) using eight vignettes that were developed from ethnographic work in the community and designed to elicit participants’ cultural beliefs and values. In each story, one character articulates a traditional, collectivistic worldview, and another articulates a Western, individualistic worldview present in the community. Participants were asked who they agreed with and why, and responses were analyzed quantitatively (pattern of character endorsements) and qualitatively (frameworks of meaning). Analysis of covariance showed no differences in character endorsements across the two cohorts. Schooling, not the use of mobile devices or social media, uniquely predicted alignment with individualistic characters in regression analyses. Although individualistic values did not increase, qualitative analyses of frameworks of meaning showed that adolescents in the two cohorts differed in how they integrated individualistic and collectivistic perspectives. The study demonstrates the importance of locally relevant mixed methods for understanding changes in the contents of cultural identity over historical time.

This study evaluated the influence of landscape elements on the community structure and habitat selection of medium- and large-sized mammals in La Frailescana Natural Resource Protection Area, Chiapas, Mexico. Specifically, we analyzed the influence of environmental variables (distance to water bodies, altitude, and vegetation types) and anthropogenic factors (distance to human settlements, roads, and agricultural areas) on the mammal community. We installed 21 camera trap stations, accumulating 1,549 camera-days of sampling effort. Diversity and relative abundance indices were calculated, and generalized linear models were applied to evaluate the relationship between landscape variables and recorded mammals. We recorded 19 species of medium- and large-sized mammals, belonging to 12 families and 7 orders. The most abundant species were Pecari tajac u and Nasua narica . Distance to water bodies had a significant negative effect on species abundance and richness, highlighting the importance of these water resources. Responses to human infrastructure revealed that P . tajacu , Urocyon cinereoargenteus , Odocoileus virginianus , and Puma concolor were more abundant away from human settlements, while rural roads generated varied responses. The results underscore the importance of considering landscape heterogeneity in conservation strategies. We recommend implementing measures that prioritize the conservation of key habitats, ensure connectivity between forest fragments, and minimize anthropogenic impacts to guarantee the persistence of biodiversity in the region.