Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology (APIIT)
Recent publications
IoT end devices are resource deficient due to least processing power and footprint therefore need lightweight resources for optimum performance and optimum footprint. But presence of unsecure world and unsecure operating system in the existing architectures (Guan et al., 2017; Pinto in IEEE Internet Comput 21: 40–47, 2017; Zhang in Futur Gener Comput Syst 88:16–27) make the IoT devices over-architectured and over-interactive hence performance overhead and unsecure. Unlike existing architectures in this paper our proposed architecture does not use any operating system and apply lightweight µ-visor at the fog and lightweight s/w layers at the IoT edge over ESP32 microcontroller using Arduino IDE so as to exclude over-architecture hence lightweight. Lightweight architecture must include minimum trusted computing base therefore least surface area for attack hence least number of bugs thus secure. Our architecture also incurs security intelligence both at IoT edge and fog since boot till s/w stack upload. Security intelligence confirms intra-device security in terms of confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and availability (CIAA). In our architecture Secure IoT algorithm uses 64 bits key thus optimizes encryption decryption process. Communication between IoT edge and fog is also governed by communication security intelligence. This paper finally compares over-architectural and security issues among existing and proposed architectures using graph hence validate that proposed architecture is lightweight, interactive and equipped with tight security intelligence CIAA.
The repository of soil by water at a national and basin scale was estimated using the RUSLE empirical model which is the first of its kind in Bhutan. The annual soil loss is estimated and categorized into five categories; very low (<200 t/yr), low (200-400 t/yr), moderate (400-600 t/yr), high (600-800 t/yr), and very high (>800 t/yr). Sakteng and Jaldakha basins contributed the highest soil loss rate of 0.04 t/ha/yr and 0.039 t/ha/yr, while considering on landuse pattern, non-built-up and landslide category encountered the highest soil loss of 4.09 t/ha/yr and 0.7 t/ha/yr among others. Similarly, Tsirang, Samtse, and Haa contributed the major soil loss of 0.03 t/ha/yr, 0.0298 t/ha/yr, and 0.02 t/ha/yr respectively. The research can be used as an authentic instrument enabling the soil conservationist and the policymakers to evaluate the adverse impacts, prioritize the conservation efforts and investigate further to narrow down the causes of soil erosion.
Farmers in India have been the victim of systemic neglect and live a marginalized life. Crop failure due to natural calamities and unfavourable climatic conditions puts farmers in a challenging situation leading to extreme hopelessness and suicides. This article provides an overview of the crop insurance scheme, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) launched in India by Mr. Narendra Modi in 2016. PMFBY has poor state support, unviable subsidy model, delayed claim settlement and skewed benefit pattern. A technology-enabled demand-driven approach is recommended. Crop insurance should be delinked from political affiliation. Velocity, variety and verifiability in PMFBY will make crop insurance scheme work better for farmers than insurers, administrators and politicians.
Background In this paper, an ultra-wide-band bandpass filter with large stopband using interdigital coupled lines and pair of Square Complimentary Split Ring Resonator (SCSRR) is proposed. Methods Interdigital coupled lines give bandpass characteristics and pair of SCSRR provides tuning of cut off frequencies and transmission zeroes on both side of the passband. In the passband, two transmission poles are achieved. The tightly coupled structure provides a wide stopband and sharp skirt response. Results Dielectric constant 2.6 and its thickness of 0.787 mm is used to implement the design. Centre frequency of the proposed design is 5.1 GHz. Bandwidth at -3 dB is 3.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz. Conclusion The proposed structure is simulated in Ansoft HFSS.
Automatic detection of fake news, which could negatively affect individuals and the society, is an emerging research area attracting global attention. The problem has been approached in this paper from Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning perspectives. The evaluation is carried out for three standard datasets with a novel set of features extracted from the headlines and the contents. Performances of seven machine learning algorithms in terms of accuracies and F1 scores are compared. Gradient Boosting outperformed other classifiers with mean accuracy of 88% and F1-Score of 0.91.
Semiorganic material dichlorobis(4-chloroaniline-κN)zinc (DCBCAZ) was synthesized and single crystal of DCBCAZ was grown at room temperature by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectral studies confirmed the presence of functional groups in the DCBCAZ material. Three dimensional crystal structure elucidated from single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed that DCBCAZ crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with centrosymmetric space group C2/c. Crystalline perfection of the grown crystal was studied by employing high resolution X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical properties were estimated using Vicker’s microhardness test which shows that DCBCAZ belongs to the soft materials category. Thermal properties were carried out using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses and the DCBCAZ melts at 135 °C. The antibacterial activity of DCBCAZ was tested using disk diffusion method.
This volume contains selected papers presented at the 10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (10th ICACCT 2016), technically sponsored by Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (India), held during 18 – 20 November 2016 at Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology, Panipat, India. The volume reports latest research on a wide range of topics spanning theory, system, applications and case studies in the fields of computing and communication technologies. Topics covered are robotics, computational intelligence encompassing fuzzy logic, neural networks, GA and evolutionary computing, applications, knowledge representation, data encryption, distributed computing, data analytics and visualization, knowledge representation, wireless sensor networks, MEM sensor design, analog circuit, statistical machine translation, cellular automata and antenna design. The volume has 31 chapters, including an invited paper on swarm robotics, grouped into three parts, viz., Advanced Computing, Communication Technologies, and Micro Electronics and Antenna Design. The volume is directed to researchers and practitioners aspiring to solve practical issues, particularly applications of the theories of computational intelligence, using recent advances in computing and communication technologies.
The study explores the effect of drivers’ risk perception and perception of driving tasks on road safety attitude. A sample of 1500 drivers, 500 each from three districts of Fatehabad, Gurgoan and Rohtak of Haryana in India has been used in the study. The primary data of 500 drivers of Fatehabad district was subjected to exploratory factor analysis which extracted eight factors from 39 items of the questionnaire. The factors were further subjected to confirmatory factor analysis on the data of 1000 drivers of Gurgaon and Rohtak districts for validating constructs of risk perception, perception of driving tasks, and road safety attitude encompassing five factors of traffic rules, aggressive behavior, non-driving activities/distraction, driving responsibility and carelessness. Structural equation modeling has been applied to find the effect of drivers’ risk perception and perception of driving tasks on road safety attitude. The study has observed a significant positive correlation between drivers’ risk perception and perception of driving tasks and found that both the perceptions significantly affect drivers’ road safety attitude. Risk perception partially mediates the relationship.
This book highlights a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at the Ninth International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies (ICACCT-2015) held at Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology, Panipat, India during 27–29 November 2015. The book discusses a wide variety of industrial, engineering and scientific applications of the emerging techniques. Researchers from academia and industry present their original work and exchange ideas, information, techniques and applications in the field of Advanced Computing and Communication Technology.
Minimum-process coordinated checkpointing is a suitable approach to introduce fault tolerance in mobile distributed systems transparently. The approach is domino-free, requires at most two checkpoints of each process and only minimum number of processes to checkpoint. At times, it requires piggybacking of some information with normal messages, blocking of the underlying computation or taking some checkpoints more than the minimum required. In minimum-process checkpointing, some processes, which are not part of minimum set, may not take checkpoints for several checkpoint initiations, and thus may starve to checkpoint. In case of recovery after a fault, this may lead to their rollback to far earlier checkpointed states and thus may cause greater loss of computation. In coordinated checkpointing, where all processes checkpoint, the recovery line is advanced for each process but the checkpointing overhead may be exceedingly high, especially in mobile environments; because, all mobile nodes need to checkpoint even if some may be disconnected or in doze mode operation. To balance the checkpointing overhead and the loss of computation on recovery, we propose a hybrid coordinated checkpointing algorithm, where an all-process coordinated checkpointing is forced after the execution of minimum-process coordinated checkpointing algorithm for a fixed number of times. Thus, the Mobile nodes with low activity or in doze mode operation may not be disturbed during minimum-process checkpointing and the recovery line is advanced for all processes after an all-process checkpoint. Additionally, we also optimize the piggybacked information, avoid blocking and minimize the number of useless checkpoints.
Building materials are significant contributor of indoor radon after the soil. The indoor radon level depends upon the radon flux coming out from wall, ceiling and roofs of the dwellings. The radon flux from the wall that in most cases is concrete depends upon many factors like radium content, porosity, moisture, composition of mix design for construction of concrete and age of concrete. The present work is a study of effect of various factors on the radon exhalation rate from concrete. The measurement of radon exhalation rates from the concrete was determined by active technique using continuous radon monitor. The results show that the radon exhalation rate decreased with decrease of porosity of concrete and increase of moisture content after a particular value. The various additives like silica fume and fly ash may cause the decrease of radon exhalation up to optimum value, after that it increases. The radon exhalation rate also varied with age of concrete.
The indoor radon and thoron variability with building materials, season and tropical region are important, while calculating the inhalation dose. In present work, the results of indoor radon and thoron concentration carried out by pin hole based dosimeters in five well populated districts of Haryana, India are reported. The results showed that the indoor radon and thoron concentration varied from 10 to 82 Bq/m3 and 7 to 180 Bq/m3 respectively. The variability of indoor thoron concentration in different season has random trends due to different ventilation and short half life. The radon concentration in the dwellings were lower than the limits (100 Bq/m3) recommended by World Health Organization and worldwide average (40 Bq/m3). The first results of indoor radon and thoron by pin hole based radon/thoron discriminating dosimeter in this study area are presented.
The addition of inorganic phosphate fertilizers to soil and crops is a common practice for increasing crop production in worldwide. The fertilizers in soil causes an increase in the radionuclides content along with the essential nutrients that can transfer from soil to various parts of plants. The aim of this work is to measure the alpha activity from various part of radish plant. The measurement of alpha activity was performed by track etch technique using LR-115 detectors. The results show that the alpha track density from lower part of leaves is higher than that from upper part. The alpha track density from upper and lower part of leaves varied from 12 ± 1.9 to 40.8 ± 1.9 tr cm−2 and 16 ± 2.2 to 51.3 ± 3.3 tr cm−2 respectively while it varied from 45 ± 4 to 135 ± 4 tr cm−2 for edible part of plants. With age of plants the radionuclide contents continuously get accumulated in the different part of plant and hence increase in alpha track density was observed during present work. The track density for plants grown with phosphate fertilizers was found to be higher compare to organic and urea fertilizers.
The application of cloud computing in education not only relieves the educational institutions from the burden of handling the complex IT infrastructure management but also leads to huge cost savings. The motive of this paper is to encourage the usage of cloud computing in the education sector, especially during disaster for the smooth running of the system. Traditional techniques used for disaster recovery were very costly. The education sector could not afford this because of limited funds. But with the advent of cloud DR, it is now possible for education system to go for disaster recovery techniques for securing of data during disaster. In this paper, the various cloud computing-based disaster recovery techniques and their benefi t to the schools and university systems have been discussed. The traditional education management systems have also been discussed and a model has been proposed for their implementation using the cloud computing platforms.
The theory of Compressed Sensing, the emerging sampling paradigm 'that goes against the common wisdom', asserts that 'one can recover signals in Rn from far fewer samples or measurements, if the signal has a sparse representation in some orthonormal basis', from m = O(klogn), k<< n nonadaptive measurements . The accuracy of the recovered signal is 'as good as that attainable with direct knowledge of the k most important coefficients and its locations'. Moreover, a good approximation to those important coefficients is extracted from the measurements by solving a L1 minimization problem viz. Basis Pursuit. 'The nonadaptive measurements have the character of random linear combinations of the basis/frame elements'. The theory has implications which are far reaching and immediately leads to a number of applications in Data Compression,Channel Coding and Data Acquisition. 'The last of these applications suggest that CS could have an enormous impact in areas where conventional hardware design has significant limitations', leading to 'efficient and revolutionary methods of data acquisition and storage in future'. The paper reviews fundamental mathematical ideas pertaining to compressed sensing viz. sparsity, incoherence, reduced isometry property and basis pursuit, exemplified by the sparse recovery of a speech signal and convergence of the L1- minimization algorithm.
Checkpoint is a designated place in a program at which normal process is interrupted specifically to preserve the status information necessary to allow resumption of processing at a later time. A checkpoint algorithm for mobile distributed systems needs to handle many new issues like: mobility, low bandwidth of wireless channels, lack of stable storage on mobile nodes, disconnections, limited battery power and high failure rate of mobile nodes. These issues make traditional checkpointing techniques unsuitable for such environments. Minimum-process coordinated checkpointing is an attractive approach to introduce fault tolerance in mobile distributed systems transparently. This approach is domino-free, requires at most two checkpoints of a process on stable storage, and forces only a minimum number of processes to checkpoint. But, it requires extra synchronization messages, blocking of the underlying computation or taking some useless checkpoints. In this paper, we design a minimum-process checkpointing algorithm for mobile distributed systems, where no useless checkpoint is taken. We reduce the blocking of processes by allowing the processes to do their normal computations, send messages and receive selective messages during their blocking period.
Early identification of defects and prevention of defects migration are key goals of the testing process. It is highly desirable to optimize the test activities for a fast time-to-market while delivering a product that meets quality expectation. Software engineering research has led to a raft of systematic testing activities applicable during the development life cycle. Software test process elaborates various testing activities and describes which activity is to be carried out when. Given the need and significance of phased approach of testing, this paper proposes a prescriptive framework elaborating testing activities to be carried out while integrating it within the development life cycle.
Software fault tolerance can itself be dangerous error-prone because of the additional effort that must be included in the programming process. The paper is based upon research in the area of testing software fault tolerance techniques. A Framework to Test Fault Tolerance has been proposed and validated with industry data. During the validation process we identified some of the interesting findings that can be explored to carry out further research in this area.
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Dilip Kumar
  • Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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  • Business School
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  • Business School
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