Armenian State University of Economics

The research focuses on determining the prospects for developing green supply chains based on applying environmental technologies and responsible innovations in sustainable cooperation. Drawing upon WIPO statistics and the experience of the top 20 green economies in the world in 2023, the authors compiled an econometric model of the impact of factors of international economic cooperation on the green economy using regression analysis. Based on the model, the authors ranked the factors of international economic cooperation according to their contribution to the development of the green economy, providing a precise answer to the research question posed. Primary factors include joint ventures, strategic alliances, and international innovation networks. A secondary factor is the formation of patent families. Additional, less significant factors include collaboration between universities and industry in R&D and economic clustering. The research clarified the environmental consequences of international economic cooperation in its various forms, thereby highlighting its theoretical significance. The disclosed perspective and proposed recommendations for developing green supply chains based on applying environmental technologies and responsible innovations hold practical significance because they will contribute to Russia’s progress in sustainable cooperation in the Decade of Action.

A huge part of the attention of the global banking industry has been directed towards digitization and the integration of technologies in recent decades. Customer relationship management (CRM) and the use of CRM software are also part of this. In the banking sector, CRM can be used in different ways and purposes

During the assessment and management of the reliability of insurance companies, various deep problems arise, in which case it is necessary to implement the development of mathematical models for the assessment and prediction of the reliability of the insurance company's activity, and in the process of developing such models, to apply such experimental assessment methods that will make it possible to accurately assess the reliability assessment. Such models enable the managers of the company to find out the causes of the problems as quickly as possible and in the short term, to solve the problems in the company's reliability assessment and management process in case of any direction and sectoral policy of the insurance company (in particular, capital, assets, technical reserves, risk management, etc.). In the research work, the methods of expert assessments, regression analysis were used, economic-mathematical models were created, as a result of which a reliability assessment model of the insurance company's activity was developed, which will enable the insurance company to more accurately assess the degree of influence of each factor.

Every commercial bank operates with the aim of ensuring maximum profit. Ensuring the financial result of commercial banks in the form of net profit is a fundamental problem, the solution of which is possible with the consistent use of not only numerical but also non-numerical analysis by banks. Based on this, it is possible to distinguish between traditional and alternative approaches to the analysis of financial results. Quantitative analysis of financial results is an exploratory approach that allows us to determine what changes have been made to the items reflected in the consolidated income statement and other comprehensive financial results, both in absolute and relative terms. As a result of using the traditional approach, financial analysts are able to identify the impact of numerically expressed factors that cause changes in the specified items each year compared to the previous year. Alternative analysis is a set of non-standard approaches to assessing financial results. Unlike the traditional approach, which analyzes items that provide net profit or loss, profitability, the alternative approach is based on the analysis of a deeper, qualitative context of banking activities. In this article, environmental, social and corporate governance, the use of banking technologies and the implementation of an internal corporate responsibility strategy are selected as alternative factors affecting the efficiency of banking activities in order to assess the impact on the maximization of net profit. For the most effective analysis, a comparative assessment was carried out with analogues taking into account the impact of the above factors on the materials of three leading banks of the Republic of Armenia.

The Citizen's Budget is a simple and accessible guide to the annual budget, that is accepted format for making budget information more accessible and publicly available. It provides citizens with information on budget revenues, expenditures and key priorities, presenting annual budget information by infographics and summaries to provide a better understanding of how budget funds are managed and used. Translating budget technical documents and financial language into a language accessible to ordinary people is the main challenge in solving the problem. Visualizations and illustrations can help clarify key information. Governments should also disseminate their Citizen Budgets as widely as possible, using local languages and various forms of media. Governments should use Citizen's Budgets to engage the public in the budgeting process. Understanding what the public wants to know is an important first step in developing a Citizen's Budget. A citizen's budget in Yerevan, as in many other cities around the world, can serve as a tool for promoting transparency, accountability and citizen involvement in the budgeting process.

Agricultural insurance is gaining even more importance and attention in the period of rapid development of scientific and technological progress. Today's civilization is based on agriculture, which supports the economy and provides the population with food. Agriculture is the backbone of the world economy and plays an important role in shaping social and ecological landscapes. However, it faces unprecedented challenges that must be overcome with the cooperation of all stakeholders. The article is more than relevant especially in this period, when great importance is attached to the uninterrupted operation of the agricultural sector in the context of economic development. The article presents the results of the pilot program of agricultural insurance in the RA, shortcomings and especially deviations from the initially defined goals. Taking into account the experience of the EU countries in the direction of introducing and developing insurance systems in the field of agriculture, especially the Dutch mechanisms of agricultural insurance, it can be said that these mechanisms are used in a number of EU countries. If we describe the mechanisms for implementing agricultural insurance in the Netherlands in one sentence, we can say that this is traditional crop insurance based on compensation, which also includes some elements of weather index insurance.

The article discusses that rapidly changing global, social and technological realities, ever-increasing competition cause difficulties in creating effective marketing communications and achieving the maximum level of profit through them. The article shows that in order to successfully sell a service at the current stage, a bank should do more than just control its quality and set a minimum price for it. It is necessary to provide services while using means that can convince consumers of the need to buy those products. Those means are the marketing communications through which the connection with the customers is maintained.

The development program is an exemplary strategic document, the planning and effective application of which, in accordance with the fundamental principles of programmatic and targeted approaches, ensures the stable operation and progress of a given institution. The main hypothesis put forward for this study was that in recent years, in particular, as a result of the introduction of a new management model from January 1, 2023, the number of public general education institutions of the Republic of Armenia in which the interim director has been managing for a long time has increased. This article analyzes the extended interim position’s possible negative impact on the process of sustainable development of the institution, as well as its contribution to a sense of instability and uncertainty, which leads to a decrease in the managerial role. Программа развития является образцовым стратегическим документом, планирование и эффективное применение которого в соответствии с основополагающими принципами программного и целевого подходов позволяет обеспечить стабильную деятельность и прогресс данного учреждения. Основная гипотеза, выдвинутая для исследования, заключалась в том, что в последние годы, в частности, в результате внедрения новой модели управления с 1 января 2023 года, увеличилось количество государственных общеобразовательных учебных заведений Республики Армения, в которых длительное время управление осуществляется временно исполняющим обязанности директора. В данной статье проанализировано возможное негативное влияние длительного пребывания последнего в указанной должности на процессе устойчивого развития учреждения, в том числе ощущение нестабильности и неопределенности, что приводит к снижению управленческой роли. В этом контексте также была подчеркнута важность стремления каждой системы к стабильности, что является условием и отправной точкой для прогрессивного развития. Զարգացման ծրագիրն այն ռազմավարական օրինակելի փաստաթուղթն է, որի ծրագրային և նպատակային մոտեցումների հիմնարար սկզբունքներին համապատասխան պլանավորվում և արդյունավետ կիրառմամբ հնարավոր է դառնում ապահովել տվյալ հաստատության կայուն գործունեությունն ու առաջընթացը:

Diageo owns more than 200 brands, operates in over 180 countries, and employs just under 28,000 people globally. They own some of the world’s most recognizable international brands such as Johnnie Walker, Smirnoff, Baileys, Tanqueray, Captain Morgan and Guinness as well as several brands that are important within smaller markets. Scotch whisky represents 24% of Diageo’s net sales as of 2022, and is therefore one of the most important aspects of their portfolio. Diageo owns 30 whisky distilleries in Scotland, including Lagavulin, Clynelish and Talisker, and control the production of 27.71% of Scotland’s Scotch production capacity. For reference, Pernod Ricard is their closest competitor and owns 13 distilleries producing 19.14% of Scotland’s total capacity. Диагео владеет более чем 200 брендами, работает в более чем 180 странах и насчитывает чуть менее 28 000 сотрудников по всему миру. Им принадлежат некоторые из самых узнаваемых в мире международных брендов, такие как Джонни Уокер, Смирнофф, Бейлис, Танкерей, Капитан Морган и Гиннесс, а также несколько брендов, которые важны на небольших рынках. Шотландский виски составляет 24% от чистых продаж Диагео по состоянию на 2022 год и, следовательно, является одним из важнейших аспектов их портфеля. Diageo владеет 30 винокурнями в Шотландии, включая Лагавулин, Клайнелиш и Талискер, и контролирует производство 27,71% мощностей шотландского виски. Для справки, Pernod Ricard является их ближайшим конкурентом и владеет 13 винокурнями, производящими 19,14% от общей мощности Шотландии. Դիագեոն ունի ավելի քան 200 ապրանքանիշ, գործում է ավելի քան 180 երկրներում և ունի շուրջ 28000 աշխատակից ամբողջ աշխարհում: Նրանք տիրապետում են աշխարհի ամենաճանաչված միջազգային բրենդներին, ինչպիսիք են՝ Johnnie Walker-ը, Smirnoff-ը, Baileys-ը, Tanqueray-ը, Captain Morgan-ը և Guinness-ը, ինչպես նաև մի քանի ապրանքանիշեր, որոնք կարևոր են փոքր շուկաներում: Շոտլանդական վիսկին 2022 թվականի դրությամբ կազմում է Դիագեոյի զուտ վաճառքի 24%-ը և, հետևաբար, նրանց պորտֆելի կարևորագույն տարրերից մեկն է: Diageo-ն ունի վիսկիի թորման 30 գործարան Շոտլանդիայում, որոնց թվում են Lagavulin, Clynelish և Talisker գործարանները, և վերահսկում է շոտլանդական վիսկիի հզորության 27,71%- ի արտադրությունը: Pernod Ricard-ը նրանց ամենամոտ մրցակիցն է և ունի թորման 13 գործարաններ, որոնք արտադրում են շոտլանդական վիսկիի ընդհանուր հզորության 19,14%-ը:

On February 24, 2022, a war began between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, which continues to this day. This conflict includes informational, cultural, economic, demographic, military-political and other elements. Naturally, it also had an indirect and direct impact on the Republic of Armenia and continues to have it as well, because Armenia and the Russian Federation are interconnected by strong geopolitical, military-political and economic ties. As a result, this war situation affects the demographic, economic, and energy situation of the Republic of Armenia, including the quality of life of the population, because the quality of life is a set of indicators characterizing the general well-being of people, which characterizes the level of satisfaction of people’s material and spiritual needs, being considered as a an integral system of a number of (social, psychological, economic, political, etc.) factors. It should be mentioned that this is what makes the topic relevant, because the influence of this war has and continues to have quite a large impact on many sectors of the Republic of Armenia, particularly the socio-economic impact is quite large. The article uses the following methods: comparative, analytical, graphic. We have conducted comparative analysis to present the data more graphically. As a result, the target areas that make the effects of the war on RA are more prominent.

The public budget is an important lever for the state regulation of the economy: it reflects the main directions and priorities of the state economic policy. In this context, there is a lot of discussion about the dynamics of the public expenditure multiplier, as well as the interaction between the structure of these expenditures and economic growth. The study of the dynamics of the multiplier of budgetary expenditures of Armenia over the last 15 years shows that it was higher than 1, making an average of 4.5 points. As a result of the research, we evaluated the impact of Armenia's budgetary expenditures on economic growth using an econometric model, based on quarterly data from 2008-2023. The results of the research show that the increase in the productive expenditures of the state budget in Armenia, such as those spent on education, healthcare and the national economy, contribute to the GDP growth rate, while the allocation of public funds to non-productive expenditures, such as defense and social sector expenditures, has a negative impact on the GDP growth rate.

The idea of inclusiveness of economic development has become one of the main guidelines for developers and implementers of economic policies in many countries of the world. Issues related to inclusiveness make their comprehensive study relevant and topical. Recently, much attention to the problems of ensuring the inclusiveness of economic policy is associated with globalisation and technological change. The latter have the potential to significantly improve the quality of life of households and contribute to poverty reduction in some developing countries. On the other hand, the economic and financial crises and the resulting economic and social distortions make changes in research and management approaches inevitable. Thus, quantifying the inclusiveness of fiscal policy is a necessity as it provides valuable information on the efficient allocation of a state's financial resources. On the other hand, assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy can serve as a benchmark in the process of fiscal policy formulation. Individual authors in their studies approach the problems from different positions, use different groups of factors under consideration, use different research methods. The purpose of the study is to interpret and summarise the methodological approaches to assessing the inclusiveness of fiscal policy discussed in professional platforms and in the literature. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the evaluation methods, acceptable approaches to assessing fiscal policy inclusiveness for the Republic of Armenia were identified.

The issue of the indirect cost allocation is not new, but it is becoming more relevant due to the increase in the relative weight of indirect cost in the production cost in organizations. This is due to automation of production processes and other reasons. Often, a single basis is used for the indirect cost allocation in organizations, but the choice of a single allocation basis for all resources and calculation objects cannot accurately reflect all causal relationships, that is why the process is conditional. Based on the professional literature and in accordance with the characteristics of the studied organizations, an indirect cost grouping was made for the organizations performing construction works and an approach of costing based on Activity-Based Costing was proposed. According to the author, the proposed approach can improve the financial information management mechanisms, and especially information about indirect cost, therefore also cost, and other indicators calculated based on it, in organizations.

In recent years, administrative-territorial reforms and processes of community consolidation have been actively organized in the Republic of Armenia, which has led to a reduction in the number of communities. In such conditions, it became necessary to discuss issues of optimizing the number of regional government bodies. The article discussed the need to review the number of employees of regional administrations in connection with a significant reduction in the number of communities in the regions.