Al-Mustaqbal University
  • Al Ḩillah, Iraq
Recent publications
Investigating effective nanomaterials for the detection of hydroxyurea anticancer drugs is essential for promoting human health and safeguarding environmental integrity. This research utilized first-principles estimations for examining the adhesion and electronic characteristics of hydroxyurea (HU) on both pristine and Si-decorated innovative two-dimensional boron nitride allotrope, known as Irida analogous (Ir-BNNS). Analyzing the adsorption energy revealed that the HU molecule has a significant interaction (Ead = −1.27 eV) with the Si@Ir-BNNS, whereas it has weak interaction P-Ir-BN. Moreover, the analysis of the electron density distributions was conducted to investigate the microcosmic interaction mechanism between HU and Ir-BNNS. The Si@Ir-BNNS was highly sensitive to HU due to the observable alterations in the electrical conductance and magnetism. At ambient temperature, the Si@Ir-BNNS had a recovery time of 5.96 ms towards HU molecules. The DFT estimations can be conducive to exploring the applications of Si@Ir-BNNS in effectively sensing HU.
  • Hisham Jahangir Qureshi
    Hisham Jahangir Qureshi
  • Saeed Abdulkhaliq Alghamdi
    Saeed Abdulkhaliq Alghamdi
  • Ali Majdi
    Ali Majdi
  • [...]
  • Abdullah Alzlfawi
    Abdullah Alzlfawi
This study addresses the research gap in understanding the durability aspects and microstructure properties of steel slag (SS) concrete. A series of different experimental results, including porosity, water absorption, pulse velocity, carbonation depth, chloride penetration, alkali–silica reaction, acid attacks, and shrinkage, were summarized to assess the durability of SS concrete. Similarly, the pozzolanic reaction of SS, the heat of hydration, scanning electronic microscopy, and thermogravimetry were used to assess the microstructure properties of SS-based concrete. Results indicate that the SS improved the durability aspects and microstructure properties of SS concrete. However, inconsistencies in slag quality, reactivity, and expansion risks due to free lime and magnesium oxide present challenges. Finally, the review also highlights the proposed recommendation for future research.
In this study, we present a comparative analysis of various trajectory optimization algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) navigating complex environments. The performance of the proposed FOPID-TID based HAOAROA (Hybrid Archimedes Optimization Algorithm-Rider Optimization Algorithm) is evaluated against traditional methods such as A*, JPS, Bezier, and L-BSGF algorithms. The FOPID-TID based HAOAROA approach integrates the advantages of fractional-order control with hybrid optimization techniques to improve UAV trajectory planning. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method carries significantly better performance than the traditional algorithms with respect to trajectory length, smoothness, and overall stability. Remarkably, the FOPID-TID based HAOAROA yields a 10% reduced trajectory length that is smoother than traditional methods while also being more computationally efficient. By using fractional-order parameters, the dynamic response becomes better and better in more challenging environments. This shows that disturbance rejection and control precision using the FOPID-TID based HAOAROA are much superior to the original two subroutines. The applications presented in this study allow future growth in UAV control system improvements and provide proof of concept of hybrid optimization in improving the performance of UAVs in dynamic, complex environments.
  • Khamees N. Abdulhaleem
    Khamees N. Abdulhaleem
  • Hussein M. Hamada
    Hussein M. Hamada
  • Ahmed I. Osman
    Ahmed I. Osman
  • [...]
  • Ali Majdi
    Ali Majdi
Amidst the dual challenges of aggregate scarcity and the environmental impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from cement production, this study investigates the viability of palm oil clinker (POC) as a sustainable aggregate in geopolymer concrete (GPC). The lack of appropriate alternative coarse and fine aggregates essential in concrete production is one of the critical issues faced by the construction industry. This review evaluates its environmental benefits, chemical and physical attributes, and influence on GPC's microstructure. Previous studies have shown that incorporating POC in GPC significantly reduces density from 2345 to 1821 kg/m³ while maintaining competitive compressive strength, thus proving its applicability in various structural and nonstructural contexts. Moreover, GPC with POC demonstrates enhanced resistance to aggressive environmental conditions such as water absorption and resistance against acid and sulfate environments. Geopolymer mortar (GPM) exposed to sulfate attack recorded the lowest decrease in strength than GPM containing POC fine aggregates by about 20%. The use of 100% POC aggregates in GPC mix has a 3.2% water absorption, which is lower than the limit for high‐performance concrete. The results advocate for the development of POC‐aggregate GPC as an environmentally friendly construction material, contributing to the sustainable advancement of the building industry.
Background and Objective: IDA and chronic headache disorders such as migraines and tension-type headaches are common conditions that significantly affect quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between these two conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore and quantify the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and chronic headache disorders, with a focus on understanding the bidirectional nature of this relationship. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published up until August 10, 2024. Observational studies examining the prevalence, incidence, or association between IDA and chronic headache disorders were included. Data were extracted and assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and risk ratios (RRs), with heterogeneity assessed via the I2 statistic and meta-regression. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out approach, and publication bias was evaluated through a funnel plot. Results: The meta-analysis included 13 studies: five studies examined chronic headaches among patients with IDA, and eight studies examined IDA among patients with chronic headaches. The pooled prevalence of chronic headaches among patients with IDA was 38% (95% CI: 15%–69%). In addition, 20% (95% CI: 10%–35%) of patients with chronic headaches were found to have IDA. Anemic patients were found to have a 76% higher risk of developing chronic headaches compared to nonanemic individuals (RR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.22–2.52). Significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between IDA and chronic headache disorders, with a pooled prevalence of 38% for chronic headaches in IDA patients and 20% for IDA in chronic headache patients. IDA was associated with a 76% higher risk of chronic headaches. Routine screening for IDA in high-risk populations may improve headache outcomes, but further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and refine management strategies.
The review presents a comprehensive overview of the various bioactive compounds found in ginger, namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and zingerone as well as their biological activities. The compounds are responsible for the distinct aroma, flavor, and pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, gastroprotective effects associated with ginger. An increased understanding of the bioactive compounds present in ginger such as presented in this publication will assist relevant bodies to harness more of its benefits. Ginger exerts its bioactivities via a number of mechanisms such as inhibiting the activation of tumor necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase-2 in human synoviocytes and limiting the body’s leukotrienes and prostaglandins to elicit anti-inflammatory activity, activating the descendent inhibitory pathways of pain and suppressing the transmission of nociceptive signals thus exhibiting anti-nociceptive effects amongst others. This article also explores the applications of ginger in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods, highlighting its value in various industries. Although been generally recognized as safe, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of action of ginger constituents. This lack of complete knowledge necessitates that caution be taken with its use.
A combined effect of injection pressure (IP) and split injection mechanism (SIM) on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a CRDI engine operated with diesel‐lemongrass biodiesel (LGB20) blend was analyzed and optimized the IP from the experimental results using RSM and ANOVA. The CRDI engine was tested under SIM conditions at various injection pressures (IPs) of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 bar, with limitations observed concerning specific engine characteristics. The SIM is accomplished by splitting the injection into two phases during the compression stroke. It was noted that the engine characteristics were improved concerning IPs in SIM by minimizing the intensity of heterogeneity of the mixture. The CRDI engine with 600 bar pressure registered higher in‐cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with lower specific fuel consumption (SFC) when compared to the engine operated with other IPs. It also registered lower exhaust pollutants except oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxides (CO2) due to better combustion at 600 bar pressure. The CRDI engine was operated efficiently at 64.61% load with 600 bar IP and recorded engine parameters as 29.94% of BTE, 0.373 kg/kWh of SFC, 0.64% of CO, 4.55% of CO2, 244 ppm of NOx, 37.2 ppm of HC, and 64.58 HSU of smoke emissions. This study concluded that 600 bar IP is the optimum for better engine characteristics of CRDI engines operated with LGB20 fuel.
A nanocomposite composed of rGO and γ-Fe2O3 was prepared using ultrasonication for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye. The preferential plane diffractions at 2θ values of 35.54° and 26.45° about γ-Fe2O3 (311) and rGO (002) with 19.85 and 20.92 nm crystallite sizes, respectively confirmed the successful formation of nanocomposite nature of the adsorbent. Moreover, XPS and FTIR results also confirmed the composite formation due to the existence of peaks relevant to the composite’s components. The adsorbent’s surface charge (pHPZC = ~ 7.1) was also estimated using the salt addition technique. To minimize experiments and optimize adsorption parameters for the removal of MG by the nanocomposite at 25 °C, central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The optimal adsorption parameters obtained from the within-range numerical optimization based on 0.923 Derringer’s desirability function were 200 mg/100 mL dose, 80 ppm dye solution, 7.99 pH and 112.68 min. contact time for ~ 90% MG dye removal and 40.64 mg/g adsorption capacity (qm) by rGO/γ-Fe2O3. However, ~ 98% MG dye removal with 64.26 mg/g (qm) was achieved upon extended-range estimation of adsorption parameters. The adsorption data exhibited the best co-relationship with Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-2nd order kinetic model. According to a thermodynamic analysis, the MG adsorption process on the rGO/γ-Fe2O3 surface is exothermic, spontaneous, and less random. Moreover, the thermal stability, desorption, regeneration and reusability of rGO/γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite were also explored. Finally, this study shows that RSM can be an excellent technique to optimize the dye adsorption process at industrial scale.
Introduction Abnormalities of the coronary arteries, including abnormal origins, are often detected in heart patients who undergo coronary angiography. Although only a small percentage of these abnormalities lead to serious complications, the consequences can be extremely fatal. Case presentation We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with chest pain. The patient has a history of hypertension and complains of chest pain that worsens with walking and improves with rest. A basic electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus rhythm with no signs of arrhythmia or ischemic changes. Coronary angiography revealed an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the right sinus of Valsalva (RSoV). Conclusions We report a rare case of an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the RSoV without specific clinical symptoms. The patient presented with unstable angina, and after further investigation, this anomaly was diagnosed. Investigating these abnormalities, especially in young individuals with cardiac symptoms, should be prioritized. Cardiologists should also be aware of this rare condition that can have fatal consequences.
Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a critical precursor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While the liver itself lacks pain fibers, fibrosis progression can induce pain through various mechanisms, significantly impacting patient quality of life and potentially influencing disease outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the complex relationship between liver fibrosis and pain, exploring recent advances in pain assessment, management strategies, and emerging therapies. The pathophysiology of liver fibrosis involves intricate cellular and molecular mechanisms, with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation playing a central role. Pain in liver fibrosis arises from capsular distension, inflammation-induced nociception, and neuropathic pain. Recent advances in pain assessment include the exploration of biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, and liver-specific patient-reported outcome measures. Current management strategies encompass pharmacological approaches with liver-specific considerations, non-pharmacological interventions, and complementary medicine. Emerging therapies, including novel antifibrotic agents, targeted pain therapies, and regenerative medicine approaches, offer promising avenues for addressing both fibrosis and associated pain. However, challenges persist in balancing pain relief with the preservation of liver function and managing altered drug metabolism in liver disease. The future of pain management in liver fibrosis lies in personalized approaches, integrating pain management into comprehensive liver care and exploring the potential of fibrosis reversal for pain relief. As our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying both liver fibrosis and pain deepens, targeted therapies addressing patient-specific pain pathways while simultaneously targeting fibrosis progression may become a reality.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health issue, accounting for a high number of new cases and deaths worldwide (1). While age is a major risk factor, incidence rates are rising in young adults (aged 20-29), with more advanced diseases. Rates are also increasing in Asia, largely due to changes in lifestyle and diet, though genetic factors impact differences between countries (2). Obesity is strongly correlated with an increased risk of colon cancer in obese men as seen in studies although its relationship in women requires further investigation. With over one million new cases and nearly 800 000 deaths each year worldwide, CRC poses a significant global health burden (4). Alarmingly, incidence rates are increasing in adults under 50, particularly in Asian countries, likely due to lifestyle changes such as unhealthy diets, obesity, smoking, and reduced physical activity. Providing comprehensive data on the global scale of CRC would underscore the Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence rates observed in young adults and Asian populations. Recent advancements in diagnostic tools, targeted therapies, and precision medicine approaches have revolutionized CRC management. This review aimed to summarize the latest developments in CRC diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, focusing on innovative technologies and personalized approaches. Advanced imaging techniques, including high-definition colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, and integrated PET-CT scans, have enhanced CRC detection and staging accuracy. Novel biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes show promise for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Precision medicine employs molecular profiling to guide targeted therapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Anti-cancer metal ions such as platinum, ruthenium, and gallium compounds demonstrate efficacy through diverse mechanisms. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in imaging analysis, pathology, and treatment planning enhances diagnostic accuracy and personalized care. Herbal and traditional medicines, including curcumin and green tea catechins, exhibit anti-tumor properties and potential synergistic effects with conventional therapies. Prevention strategies include lifestyle modifications, screening programs, and risk-based personalized approaches. Emerging technologies such as organoid engineering and nanomedicine, offer new avenues for drug discovery and targeted delivery. Integrating advanced diagnostic tools, targeted therapies, and personalized approaches has substantially improved CRC management. However, challenges remain in addressing tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and treatment accessibility. Future research should focus on validating emerging technologies and biomarkers through large-scale clinical trials to further enhance CRC prevention, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes.
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), a phloem-limited alphaproteobacterium, is the predominant species associated with the devastating citrus disease Huanglongbing (HLB). It is transmitted by the insect Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (D. citri), which carries the infectious bacterium. The bacterium CLas exhibits host-specific gene expression to adapt to the distinct environments of insect and plant hosts. This study aimed to assess the underlying mechanism of HLB by conducting an in silico study, where 64 ACP proteins and 24 CLas proteins were docked with 67 citrus plant phytochemicals. Density functional theory (DFT) exploration was performed to evaluate the responsiveness of the compounds that showed the best binding energies. Additionally, protein-protein interaction was performed to explore the active partners in the disease display. Among these, nine ACP proteins, solute carrier organic transporter, muscarinic acetyl choline receptor DM1, glycerol kinase, oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenase, equilibrative nucleoside transporter, thiamine transporter, vinculin, propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain and zinc transporter demonstrated significantly higher binding with the three CLas proteins, outer membrane protein, membrane spanning protein and ABC transporter protein. To conclude further, three phytochemicals, Eriocitrin, Rhoifolin, and Narirutin, were identified with promising binding affinities against the maximum number of ACP and CLas proteins. DFT analysis revealed the high reactivity of these compounds, suggesting their potential role in the tripartite interaction in HLB.
Backgroundsː Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association between DPI and gallstones disease (GSD). Therefore, we conducted a case-control study in adults to assess the relationship between DPI and the risk of gallstones. Methods The study was conducted at the general surgical consultation departments of two major multispecialty hospitals in Baghdad: Al-Yarmook and Al Karama Teaching Hospitals. It involved 250 patients with gallstones and 250 controls. DPI was calculated based on data collected from a 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measures were determined. Results In the initial analysis, the highest tertile of total PI compared to the lowest tertile was found to be associated with a lower risk of galleston (OR and 95% CI = 0.61 (0.41–0.93), p for trend = 0.027). This significant association remained even after adjusting for age and sex, and the odds ratio slightly strengthened. In the final adjusted model, which accounted for additional confounders such as physical activity, BMI, smoking, socioeconomic status (SES), and dietary intake of energy, participants in the highest tertile of total PI still had a lower risk of gallston compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR and 95% CI = 0.51 (0.28–0.90), p for trend = 0.031. Conclusion We found evidence of a negative relationship between the dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstones, even after accounting for potential confounding variables. As a result, it may be advisable to include more phytochemical-rich foods in dietary approaches aimed at preventing gallstones. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the link between the dietary phytochemical index and gallstone.
Background and objective Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, presents major health challenges worldwide, leading to serious neurological and musculoskeletal issues that impact patients' lives and healthcare systems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the prevalence and link between Lyme disease and these complications, aiming to enhance clinical and public health approaches. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up until April 01, 2024, to find studies reporting the prevalence and severity of neurological and musculoskeletal complications associated with Lyme disease. Screening and data extraction were conducted using Nested Knowledge software. Two independent reviewers performed the quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were performed using R software v4.3, employing a random-effects model. Results Out of 3576 records, 17 studies were included, involving 3932 participants. These studies revealed significant prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (21.1%) and neurological disabilities (18%) among Lyme disease patients. The analysis showed a notable increase in risk for both complications in individuals with Lyme disease, with pooled Risk Ratios (RR) of 1.82 for musculoskeletal symptoms and 1.64 for neurological disabilities, indicating a significantly higher risk compared to control groups. Although heterogeneity across the studies was high, sensitivity analysis confirmed the consistency of our findings. Additionally, there was evidence of publication bias. Conclusion The study reveals significant neurological and musculoskeletal complications in Lyme disease patients, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and supportive care. The noted heterogeneity and potential publication bias highlight the need for transparent research and further study on long-term outcomes.
Lipase Bacillus licheniformis (LipAB.licheniformis) is an enzyme that can be widely used in industrial applications due to its desired properties. The LipAB.licheniformis activity is modulated by the catalytic triad as it does not have a lid and its active site is exposed under solvent. The in-vitro and in-silico analyses were conducted to identify the catalytic triad of LipAB.licheniformis through its activity and binding affinity after mutation. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed at the hypothesized catalytic triad (Ser-77, Asp-129, and His-152), followed by the measurement of lipase activity. The binding free energies of LipAB.licheniformis and its mutant with pNPL were identified through molecular docking. Based on the findings, the activity of the LipAB.licheniformis was devoid and its binding affinity became 0 kcal/mol after mutation induced at the hypothesized catalytic triad. The hypothesis was verified as the actual catalytic triad residues of LipAB.licheniformis were Ser-77, Asp-129 and His-152. Mutations on these 3 residues caused loss of catalytic mechanism, thus the substrate cannot be hydrolysed. The substitution of the catalytic triad changed the LipAB.licheniformis conformation, affecting the flexibility and stability of the active site. This study provided strong evidence to prove the identification of the actual catalytic triad of LipAB.licheniformis, facilitating rational design to improve its performance.
Today, with the increasing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the world, various workflows that need to be stored and processed on the computing platforms. But this issue, causes an increase in costs for computing resources providers, and as a result, system Energy Consumption (EC) is also reduced. Therefore, this paper examines the workflow scheduling problem of IoT devices in the fog-cloud environment, where reducing the EC of the computing system and reducing the MakeSpan Time (MST) of workflows as main objectives, under the constraints of priority, deadline and reliability. Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives, the combination of Aquila and Salp Swarm Algorithms (ASSA) is used to select the best Virtual Machines (VMs) for the execution of workflows. So, in each iteration of ASSA execution, a number of VMs are selected by the ASSA. Then by using the Reducing MakeSpan Time (RMST) technique, the MST of the workflow on selected VMs is reduced, while maintaining reliability and deadline. Then, using VM merging and Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique on the output from RMST, the static and dynamic EC is reduced, respectively. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to previous methods.
Background Cannabis is the third most widely used psychoactive substance globally, and its consumption has been increasing, particularly with the growing trend of legalization for medicinal and recreational use. Recent studies have raised concerns about the potential impact of cannabis on respiratory health, specifically the risk of asthma, a significant public health concern. This systematic review aimed to consolidate research on the association between cannabis use and the risk of asthma. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, covering studies published up to September 30, 2024. We included peer-reviewed observational studies evaluating the link between cannabis consumption and the risk of asthma diagnosis. Data synthesis employed a random-effects meta-analysis to account for heterogeneity. R statistical software (version 4.4) was used for statistical analyses. Results The search yielded 8 relevant studies after screening 1,887 records. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for the association between cannabis consumption and the risk of asthma diagnosis was 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–1.44, indicating greater odds of having asthma compared to non-users. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I² = 46%), and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis identifies a significant association between cannabis use and greater odds of having asthma. These findings emphasize the importance of raising awareness about the potential respiratory risks associated with cannabis use. Future research should prioritize identifying moderating factors, such as the frequency and mode of cannabis consumption, to enhance understanding of this association and provide a stronger evidence base for potential public health interventions. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for managing gastroesophageal disorders but concerns about their potential association with increased stroke risk have emerged, especially among patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the risk of stroke associated with PPI use, stratified by the presence or absence of pre-existing CVD. Methods This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and included studies up to March 2024 from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were longitudinal, including prospective cohorts, nested case-controls, and post-hoc analyses of RCTs that reported stroke outcomes in relation to PPI use. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis models in R software version 4.3. Results Our search yielded 41 studies encompassing over 800,000 participants globally. Meta-analysis of 14 observational studies revealed a slight but non-significant increased stroke risk among patients with prior CVD (pooled HR = 1.222, 95% CI: 0.963 to 1.481, I² = 78%). In contrast, analysis of 15 studies without prior CVD showed a modestly increased risk (pooled HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.023 to 1.288, I² = 98%). Five RCTs involving patients with CVD reported a pooled RR of 1.158 (95% CI: 0.914 to 1.466), indicating no significant risk increase. Conclusion The association between PPI use and stroke risk appears modest and is influenced by the presence of cardiovascular conditions. Clinical decision-making should consider individual patient risk profiles, and further high-quality studies are needed to guide safer PPI prescribing practices.
This study presents the development of a multifunctional nanocomposite coating aimed at enhancing the efficiency of solar panels through self-cleaning and cooling properties. The novel coating integrates nanosized zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and chlorophyll to address two significant challenges: dust accumulation and thermal management. The results showed that the ZnO coating exhibits the highest visible light transmittance (96.38%), while the combined coating containing ZnO, SiO2, and chlorophyll achieves a balanced transmittance of 93.48%. In terms of UV absorption, chlorophyll significantly enhances the coating's ability to protect underlying materials from UV damage, complemented by ZnO's protective qualities. Furthermore, the coating's thermal emissivity is optimized, with the combined formulation showing the highest emissivity, indicating superior heat management capabilities. Contact angle measurements reveal that the multifunctional coating exhibits hydrophobic properties, contributing to effective self-cleaning by minimizing dust accumulation—evident over a 7-day assessment period. Performance testing indicates that the coated panels demonstrate up to 22.12% improvement in power output and notable cooling enhancements, with surface temperatures decreasing by up to 9.62%. These findings suggest that the proposed nanocomposite coating not only improves energy efficiency by minimizing maintenance needs but also advances the sustainability of solar energy technologies, making it a promising solution for photovoltaic applications, particularly in dust-prone environments. Further research will focus on optimizing the coating's formulation and exploring its long-term performance in real-world conditions.
This paper reports the preparation of cobalt silicate (Co2SiO4, CSO) first by a cost-effective and simple sonochemical route, followed by the fabrication of Co2SiO4/g-C3N4 (CSO/CN) nanocomposites with different mass ratios by ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation. We have investigated the photocatalytic performance of Co2SiO4, g-C3N4, and different Co2SiO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for the degradation of eriochrome black T (EB). This initial instance of CSO integrated with CN demonstrates a superior function in photocatalysis. The outcomes indicated that multiple parameters affected effectiveness, including the amount of CSO, catalyst, and EB. As a result, CSO/CN with a weight ratio of 0.1:1 is the most efficient, which means that 0.07 g of CSO/CN (0.1:1) is capable of degrading 90.0% of 10 ppm EB. Photodegradation reactions were demonstrated by the scavenger tests to be largely influenced by superoxide radicals. The kinetic investigation showed that a bigger rate constant (k = 0.0166 min‒1) leads to higher efficiency (90.0%). The combination of CSO and CN as composites shows great potential for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation applications. Advanced materials for environmental treatment procedures may be developed as a result of further research and development in this field.
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Sadiq Jaafer
  • Medical Laboratories Techniques Department
Hamza Mohammed Ridha Al-Khafaji
  • Biomedical Engineering Department
Mehdi Ebady Manna
  • Intelligent Medical System Departement
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Al Ḩillah, Iraq
Head of institution
Assist. Prof. Dr. Hassan Shaker Majdi