Abia State University

Telesurgery, or remote surgery, represents a transformative fusion of medicine and technology, enabling surgeons to perform procedures on patients located miles away using robotic systems and advanced telecommunications. However, its widespread adoption remains limited, with fewer than 50 documented fully remote telesurgical procedures in the past two decades. While robotic-assisted surgery is increasingly common – accounting for over 1.2 million procedures in 2019 – true cross-border telesurgery is rare due to technological, legal, and ethical barriers. The lack of a unified regulatory framework presents jurisdiction, licensing, liability, and data security challenges, particularly when procedures span international borders. The absence of standardized legal mechanisms creates uncertainty, especially in surgical complications or malpractice claims. A global regulatory framework should address these challenges, incorporating mutual recognition of medical licenses, standardized liability agreements, and uniform data protection protocols aligned with General Data Protection Regulation and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Additionally, real-time 5G-enabled monitoring systems could mitigate latency issues, reducing the risk of surgical errors due to connectivity disruptions. Ethically, telesurgery raises concerns regarding informed consent, equitable access, and accountability. Language barriers, differing cultural attitudes toward robotic surgery, and disparities in healthcare infrastructure complicate ethical oversight. Establishing an international telesurgical ethics board could ensure adherence to standardized consent procedures and promote equitable access through global partnerships. Investment in telesurgical training programs and AI-driven risk mitigation strategies could enhance patient safety. While technological advancements will continue to drive telesurgery’s growth, addressing these legal and ethical considerations through harmonized global regulations and strategic policy interventions is crucial for sustainable and equitable integration into modern healthcare.

Background: The quarry industries of various countries contributes less than 5% of their gross domestic product. Despite this the economic, social, environmental and health impacts of quarrying are very widespread. Objectives: The main aim of the study is to assess the health effects of limestone quarrying on the residents of Iyuku Community. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out on the residents of Iyuku community, a combination of simple random and cluster sampling technique were employed to get data from 330 respondents who are residents of Iyuku community. Questionnaires, which were self administered were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 26 TH version and the results where presented in form of numerical and diagrammatic presentations. Results: In this study majority are males 217 (65.8%) , while 113 (34.2%) are female. Mean age of the respondents aged 40-49 years is 45.03 ± 10.185 years. Ninety five respondents (28.8%) visited the quarry site regularly and reported the highest form of exposure was noise 67(70.5%), and this was closely followed by exposure to dust . A large amount of respondents knew about dust control and noise reduction measures. Also 87.9% of respondents perceived that the mining company is not doing anything to address the community health needs. The most common health challenge experienced by respondents was cough, and most of the respondents attributed their symptoms to mining. Particulate matter values measured from central point at the quarry site to various distances read 0m, 250m, 500m, and 1km read 39, 22, 17, 13ug m ³ and were constantly decreasing. The Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) values were correspondingly decreasing. The average weight of particulate dust measured on the masks of 3 subjects were 2.0170, 3.5011 and 2.6539 randomly measured at various times. Conclusion and Recommendation: Limestone quarrying, has a vast and wide range of effects on the health of the surrounding communities, which have profound effects on the health of individuals and members of the community. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to both the health risks and the health needs

Introduction Specialty preferences among medical students significantly influence healthcare workforce distribution and equity. Nigeria, with its low physician-to-patient ratio, faces critical challenges in addressing healthcare demands. Understanding the specialty preferences of medical students and the factors influencing these choices is essential for workforce planning. This study aimed to investigate these preferences among Nigerian medical students and the implications for healthcare planning. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling among 439 penultimate and final-year medical students across fully accredited Nigerian medical schools between July and October 2024. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire, which included socio-demographics, specialty preferences, and influencing factors. Analysis was performed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize categorical variables as frequencies and proportions, while continuous variables were reported as means and standard deviations. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital (UI/UCH) Health Research Ethics Committee. Results The mean age of participants was 23.62 ± 2.95 years, with 53.1% male and 45.3% female. Most students were in their penultimate year (60.1%). Obstetrics and Gynecology was the most preferred first-choice specialty (14.7%), followed by Cardiothoracic Surgery (11.8%). A significant proportion of students were undecided (13.3%) about their first choice. Diagnostic specialties like Radiology and Pathology had the least interest (< 1%). Significant factors influencing specialty choice included personal interest (87%), content of specialty (85.3%), and potential lucrativeness (77%). Statistically significant associations were observed for potentially lucrativeness (p < 0.001), the desired practice setting (p = 0.004), shorter training periods (p < 0.001), minimal or predictable work hours (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.003), and academic level (p = 0.034). Conclusion This study explored specialty preferences among Nigerian medical students revealing a strong inclination toward Obstetrics and Gynecology, Surgery, and Internal Medicine. Career choices were influenced by factors such as personal interest, prestige, intellectual challenge, income, academic level, and gender. The study revealed the need for structured career counseling and increased exposure to underrepresented specialties to address the uneven distribution of specialists in Nigeria. Tailored mentorship programs, improved financial incentives, and enhanced training opportunities are critical for optimizing the healthcare workforce and achieving equity.

Background Ocular tumours, regardless of type, impose significant economic and psychosocial burdens on sufferers and their families [1]. Paediatric cases can lead to substantial challenges, including developmental delays, economic strain, and psychological distress. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and presentation of ocular tumours among children in Malawi. Method The study was designed as a hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective review of paediatric files obtained from the Ophthalmology Department of the four tertiary hospitals (Kamuzu, Queen Elizabeth, Mzuzu and Zomba Central Hospitals) in Malawi from 2009 to 2019. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0 for data analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 1,014 out of 40,423 children were diagnosed with ocular tumours representing an overall prevalence of 2.51% (CI: 2.36–2.67). Among them, 485 were females (47.8%) and 529 males (52.2%), which was not statistically significant (p = 0.426). Most (46.1%) of the cases were from the Queen Elizabeth Central hospital with most cases recorded in 2019. Patients aged 3–5 years had the most cases of ocular tumours. Retinoblastoma was the most prevalent malignant tumour (41.6%), while dermoid cysts was the most common (20.7%) benign tumour. Tumours were more frequently found in the left eye (51.1%) compared to the right eye (43.8%), with 5.1% involving both eyes. The proportion difference in laterality between the right and left eye was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Imaging was performed in 10.0% of cases, with MRI being the most common (6.5%), followed by B-scan (2.4%), CT-scan (0.9%), among others. Surgical procedures were performed in 80.4% of cases, with excision being the most common (47.3%), followed by enucleation (27.2%), and exenteration (4.2%). Conclusion The study observed a high prevalence of ocular malignancies with children aged 3 to 5 years being the most affected age group. Surgical excision was the main stay of treatment for children affected by ocular tumours in Malawi. Poor diagnostic and therapeutic options remain a big limitations to the provision of care for this population as such there is an urgent need to improve paediatric oncology services in Malawi. Policymakers and healthcare providers must prioritize investments in diagnostic infrastructure, training, and integrated care pathways to enhance the management of paediatric ocular tumours and improve survival rates.

This study examines the association between common mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, stress, and low self-esteem, and the severity of dysmenorrhea among female medical students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 171 female medical students that were menstruating regularly. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire validated by expert independent observer. Common mental disorders scores were computed using standardized assessment tools including GAD- 7 Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between each common mental disorder and the severity of dysmenorrhea. The Quantile-based G-computation (QGC) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were used to evaluate both the relative and collective influence of the four common mental disorder scores on the severity of dysmenorrhea. There was a positive association between common mental disorders and severity of dysmenorrhea except self-esteem that was negatively associated. An increase of 1.17 (95% CI: 0.28 – 2.06) in the severity of dysmenorrhea per quartile difference was observed for the combined influence of the four common mental disorders. Anxiety had the highest relative influence on the severity of dysmenorrhea (weight: 0.36), followed by depression (weight: 0.31) and self-esteem (weight: 0.24). The collective influence of the four common mental disorders on the severity of dysmenorrhea was greater among participants with unsatisfactory relationships with their parents (β = 1.25) compared to those with satisfied relationships (β = 1.01). The study demonstrated a collective increase in the influence of the four common mental disorders on the severity of dysmenorrhea among female medical students.

Gradual crustal deformation processes and deposition may lead to new formations within affected geologies and geomorphologies. This study investigates crustal deformation within the well-known Anambra Sedimentary Basin of Nigeria by exploring interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the Sentinel-1 satellite mission and tailored gravity model, a high-resolution gravity model integrating satellite, terrestrial and topographic data for the basin. Derived gravity maps demonstrate varying fault mechanisms and reveal the existence of NE–SW and NW–SE trending faults which may have led to the Oligocene formation along the NW–SE fault trend. The InSAR displacement maps reveal subsidence and uplift rates up to 8.8 mm/year, and 7.7 mm/year, respectively. This observed deformation in the Anambra Basin is due to fault-related factors as the highest subsidence rate is found in Ebonyi State between the Abakaliki anticlinorium and the Afikpo syncline and the differential loading in basin formation boundaries. Land subsidence is found to happen in the Anambra metropolis where urban sprawl is centred. Increased groundwater levels in the basin have also helped to reduce subsidence rates. This study has provided insights into the possible factors contributing to crustal deformation in the Anambra Basin, informing policymakers towards effective urban planning and resource management, and possible artificial groundwater recharge.

Despite the natural resource wealth and human capital development efforts in sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations, poor access to efficient cooking options persist. Hence, this study examined the role of natural resource wealth and human capital development in driving clean cooking fuel and technology transition in 37 SSA countries. Data spanning from 2000 to 2023 was used and analysed through the method of moment quantile regression estimation technique. A novelty of the study is the explicit disaggregation of the effects into three levels including the aggregate, urban, and rural impacts for comparison. Findings from the study revealed that while natural resource endowment and human capital positively enhanced access to efficient cooking energy, the impact of human capital development is more pronounced. However, the effect of the interaction between natural resource wealth and human capital on access to efficient cooking options was significantly adverse at divergent levels in the three estimates. Also, the moderating role of income was found to weakly impact on clean cooking fuel in the aggregate and urban outcomes, but was substantial and negative in predicting efficient cooking means in the rural estimate. Conversely, population growth negatively impacted clean cooking options in the aggregate and urban estimates, while its effect was positive in the rural output. Thus, drawing from the aforesaid findings, policy measures to promote the transitioning from dirty cooking energy to efficient modern means were proposed in the study. JEL Classification: I31, N57, O18.

BACKGROUND Rubella is an infectious disease that is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory discharge of an infected patient. It is a spherical, single-stranded ribonucleic acid virus of the genus Rubivirus. It can affect both male and female persons, but pregnant women suffer more from complications, especially if they contract the virus within the 1 st trimester, leading to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) of the fetus. This study evaluated the seroprevalence of rubella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among unvaccinated pregnant women in Imo State. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sera was extracted from blood samples of 196 pregnant women, and with the aid of enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay test Kit, it was tested for rubella virus IgG antibody. The generated data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software (version 20.0). The statistical significance threshold was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Exactly 158 (80.6%) unvaccinated pregnant women tested positive for Rubella IgG in this research. No significant association was seen between rubella IgG in relation to age (0.066), marital status (0.113), educational status (0.101), and employment status (0.052). Gravidity was significant (0.003). Seroprevalence in multigravid women was higher 107 (52.6%) compared to primigravid women 51 (26.0%). Rubella prevalence followed the trend: 3 rd trimester 82 (41.8%) to 2 nd trimester 54 (27.6%) to 1 st trimester 22 (11.2%), and the difference was significant (0.009). CONCLUSION Seroprevalence of Rubella IgG antibodies was very high in this research. To mitigate the risk of CRS, surveillance, mass awareness, and immunization of childbearing women are recommended.

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a cardiac disorder characterized by an accessory pathway known as the bundle of Kent, which bypasses the atrioventricular node and predisposes patients to tachyarrhythmias, including supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. The prevalence of WPW syndrome ranges from 0.1% to 0.5% globally, with a higher incidence in males and diagnosis typically occurring between ages 10 and 30. Although many individuals remain asymptomatic, WPW presents a risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, including sudden cardiac death, particularly when atrial fibrillation progresses to ventricular fibrillation. Effective risk stratification is essential for managing WPW syndrome; this involves evaluating symptomatic presentation, accessory pathway properties, and underlying cardiac conditions using clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiological data. Recent advances in risk stratification models enable clinicians to identify better patients at high risk for arrhythmia recurrence or sudden death, informing treatment strategies such as catheter ablation. This study emphasizes the importance of personalized risk assessment in guiding therapeutic decisions, minimizing unnecessary interventions, and improving outcomes. This review’s novel contribution lies in its updated analysis of risk stratification models, which incorporates new research on the genetic and epidemiological factors influencing Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. This analysis emphasizes the evolving role of catheter ablation as a first-line treatment for high-risk patients, demonstrating its potential to provide long-term arrhythmia control with minimal complications. Our findings underscore the necessity for ongoing post-ablation surveillance to monitor for recurrence and to optimize patient care, ultimately improving clinical outcomes.

Background Millions of people worldwide suffer from asthma, a chronic respiratory disease marked by symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. This retrospective study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, treatment outcomes, and factors influencing asthma management among 389 patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2022. Methods A retrospective study review of patients' records who had experienced asthma at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri from 2017 to 2022 was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0, with significant findings highlighted to support targeted asthma care strategies. Results Demographic analysis showed that 43% of patients were aged 30–45 years, with 54% being female. Urban residence (62%) and environmental exposures to pollutants were consistent contributors to asthma prevalence, alongside a strong family history (peaking at 50% in 2020). Logistic regression revealed that adult-onset asthma (p = 0.005, odds ratio [OR] = 1.67) and difficult-to-control and severe asthma (p = 0.001, OR = 2.30) were significantly associated with poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for intensified management for these patient groups. While childhood asthma and eosinophilic asthma showed positive but non-significant associations (OR = 1.26 and OR = 1.51, respectively), occupational asthma indicated a protective trend (OR = 0.70, p = 0.11). Repeated measures ANOVA identified significant year-to-year variations in symptom improvement (F = 4.23, p = 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.047) and attack frequency (F = 3.51, p = 0.004, partial eta squared = 0.039). However, fluctuations in treatment outcomes, such as a slight decrease in significant symptom improvement from 44.9% in 2017 to 39.5% in 2022, underscore persistent challenges in long-term asthma management. Conclusion This study highlights the necessity of addressing genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and severe asthma types to improve management outcomes. Public health interventions should focus on personalized care, urban exposure reduction, and enhanced patient education.

Objective This study investigated the phytochemical composition and toxicity profile of Persea americana seed oil (PASO) in albino Wistar rats. Methods Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the chemical constituents of PASO. For the acute toxicity test, PASO was administered orally in a single dose of up to 3000 mg/kg body weight (bw). For the subacute toxicity test, the rats were divided into four (4) groups. Group I (normal control), while groups II, III and IV received 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg PASO daily, respectively, for 14 days. Results In the acute toxicity test, the lethal dose (LD50) of PASO was estimated to be 1477.83 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity test, PASO significantly increased (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, urea, malondialdehyde, high density lipoprotein, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and cardiac troponin and significantly decreased glutathione, red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), superoxide dismutase and catalase compared to the control group. Conclusion Our study showed that the LD50 of PASO is 1477.83 mg/kg body weight, which classifies it as a moderately toxic substance. In subacute toxicity, our results revealed that treatment with PASO resulted in an increase in liver enzymes, urea and creatinine, and inflammatory markers, and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that PASO impairs liver and kidney functions and may cause cardiac or muscle damage in albino Wistar rats.

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) and tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) are two popular edible aroids often cultivated as clonal mixtures on smallholder farms in Nigeria. In spite of their nutritional and industrial potentials, commercial production is seriously affected by many abiotic and biotic constraints including limited genetic information on the available germplasm, which reduces their utilization. In this study, 20 taro and 30 tannia accessions were evaluated using agro-morphological and nutritional profiling as a basis to explore the spectrum of divergence that would support selection of high-value genetic resources in the two crops. Based on eight standardized quantitative descriptors, analysis of variance demonstrated significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) with those showing discrimination appraised from factor analysis accounting for 82.41% and 78.01% of the diversity in taro and tannia, respectively. In the resulting dendrograms derived from multivariate analyses of the traits, both taro and tannia produced three distinct clusters from which six top ranking cultivars with superior qualities were identified and selected for commercial cultivation and breeding purposes. Nutritional characterization of representative accessions of the crops also revealed differences in proximate, mineral, phytochemical and anti-nutrient compositions, with taro having higher levels of carbohydrate, calcium and anti-nutritional factors while the tannia accessions had higher contents of protein, crude fibre and potassium. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that extensive agronomic traits which discriminate the taro from tannia cultivars varieties are available within the existing germplasm in Nigeria. This study equally highlights the untapped potentials of both crops as rich deposits of high nutritional value, which can be utilized for addressing food security concerns and good nutrition in the country.

Background: The World Health Organization Global Breast Cancer Initiative aims to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality through three pillars, whose key performance indicators (KPIs) and benchmarks are: (KPI-1) =60% BC diagnosed at early stage (I/II), (KPI-2) all suspected BC diagnosed =60 days from health system presentation, and (KPI-3) =80% of BC patients completing recommended treatment. We aimed to inform measurement of these KPIs in the context of a multi-country hospital-based study. Methods: We included all women who participated to the African Breast Cancer—Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) prospective cohort study (excluding South Africa), recruited between 2014 and 2017, across five population-race groups spanning low to high survival: Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia, Namibian black and Namibian non-black women. Follow-up was up to five years post-diagnosis. For each KPI, we reported challenges, assumptions and consistencies in measuring them; completeness and group-level estimations of each KPI were assessed using descriptive analyses. To evaluate their discriminatory ability, we assessed group-level correlations between KPI estimates and five-year net survival. Findings: KPI-1 was extracted from study or medical records for 1389/1473 (94%). KPI-2 relied upon the woman’s recall of her date of first contact with the healthcare system and a pathology date, both of which were available for 1222/1473 (83%) but inconsistent for 114/1222 (9.3%). KPI-3, estimated using dates of receipt of multiple therapies from medical records and patient interviews over 12 months, was estimated for 1129/1188 (95%), but uncertain in 113/1129 (10%). For each population group, KPIs achievements were similar for KPI-1 and KPI-2, at 22–49%, and lowest for KPI-3 (<30%). Highest KPIs values were observed in Namibian non-black women who had the highest survival. Interpretation: Data collection systems specifically set up for prospective hospital-based studies can be used to collect the necessary data to measure these three GBCI KPIs. Funding: National Cancer Institute (United States).

Introduction The genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum correlates with its pathogenicity, therefore design of evidence-based intervention strategies to eradicate malaria requires genetic diversity surveillance. This study characterised the allelic frequencies and genetic diversity of P. falciparum parasites isolated from Awka, Nigeria. Materials and Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from 177 P. falciparum isolates and the polymorphic regions of the msp2 and glurp genes were genotyped by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Two msp2 alleles (3D7 and FC27) were analysed. The 3D7 (93.55%) msp2 allelic family was predominant in msp2 positivie isolates. Polyclonal msp2 infection was observed in 24 (38.71%) isolates. Twenty-one distinct msp2 alleles were detected, with fragment sizes ranging from 200 bp to 1200 bp. The 300 bp allelic fragment (26.83%) was predominant for the 3D7 allele, while the 400 bp allelic fragment (29.54%) was predominant for the FC27 allele. The multiplicity of infection (MoI) in msp2 was 2.03, and the expected Heterozygosity (He) was 0.34. Sixty-nine isolates (38.98%) were positive for the RII repeat region of the glurp gene. For the glurp gene, nine alleles were detected for fragment sizes ranging from 200 bp to 1150 bp, and the most prevalent allelic fragment was 200 bp (19%). The MoI and He for the glurp gene were 0.45 and 0.98, respectively. Conclusions The high level of polyclonal infections with P. falciparum parasites observed in this study indicates extensive genetic diversity in the study area. The data provide important baseline information that can be implemented in developing malaria control strategies and elimination in the study area and Nigeria.

Millions of people worldwide suffer from asthma, a chronic respiratory disease marked by symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. This retrospective study assessed socio-demographic characteristics, treatment outcomes, and factors influencing asthma management among 389 patients at the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0, with significant findings highlighted to support targeted asthma care strategies. Demographic analysis showed that 43% of patients were aged 30–45 years, with 54% being female. Urban residence (62%) and environmental exposures to pollutants (33.7% in 2017 and 32.9% in 2022) were consistent contributors to asthma prevalence, alongside a strong family history (peaking at 50% in 2020). Logistic regression revealed that adult-onset asthma (p = 0.005, odds ratio [OR] = 1.67) and difficult-to-control and severe asthma (p = 0.001, OR = 2.30) were significantly associated with poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for intensified management for these patient groups. While childhood asthma and eosinophilic asthma showed positive but non-significant associations (OR = 1.26 and OR = 1.51, respectively), occupational asthma indicated a protective trend (OR = 0.70, p = 0.11). Seasonal asthma showed no significant impact (OR = 1.19, p = 0.37). Repeated measures ANOVA identified significant year-to-year variations in symptom improvement (F = 4.23, p = 0.001, partial eta squared = 0.047) and attack frequency (F = 3.51, p = 0.004, partial eta squared = 0.039). Post-hoc analysis showed notable improvements in symptom relief and reduced attack frequency between 2017 and 2021 (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) and 2018 and 2022 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). However, fluctuations in treatment outcomes, such as a slight decrease in significant symptom improvement from 44.9% in 2017 to 39.5% in 2022, underscore persistent challenges in long-term asthma management. This study highlights the necessity of addressing genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and severe asthma types to improve management outcomes. Public health interventions should focus on personalized care, urban exposure reduction, and enhanced patient education.

The conceptualization of gender from Old to New Nollywood seems to shift between rigid masculinities alongside subjugated females and assertive females confronting masculine aggressions, respectively. This article articulates New Nollywood’s approach to representing gender-related issues like violence and sexual exploitation and challenging women’s silence in corporate and domestic spaces. The paper argues that the narration of gender archetypes in Kunle Afolayan’s Citation and Biyi Bandele and Kenneth Gyang’s Blood Sisters – both New Nollywood films – challenge the African patriarchal context in the corporate and domestic spaces where the films are set.

Glomerular diseases are diagnostically complex due to their diverse clinical presentations and underlying etiologies. The diagnostic process begins with a detailed patient history and physical examination, focusing on signs and symptoms indicative of glomerular pathology. Essential laboratory evaluations include urinalysis, emphasizing proteinuria and urinary sediment analysis, and blood tests like serum creatinine and autoimmune markers, which are vital in narrowing differential diagnoses. Imaging modalities, such as renal ultrasound and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans, where appropriate, contribute additional information regarding renal structure and function. Renal biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic tool, often employed when noninvasive tests suggest significant pathology, guiding diagnosis and treatment strategies. The review advocates for a systematic, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing and managing glomerular diseases. By elucidating these diagnostic principles, this article improves clinicians' diagnostic accuracy and patient care in the context of glomerular diseases.

Although Nigeria has maintained periodic elections since 1999, the quality of these elections is often questioned. Marred by several irregularities, including vote buying, falsification of results, and over‐voting, Nigerian elections often fall short of international standards. Focusing mainly on the 2023 presidential election, this study interrogated how organizational attributes of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) contribute to the overall integrity of electoral processes in Nigeria. It relied on data from interviews, the Internet, and documents to assess INEC's organizational efficiency. We found that INEC's significant constraints are corruption, lack of adherence to its rules, and lack of independence. Although the new Electoral Act signed into law by the Nigerian president in 2022 ought to strengthen the capacity and independence of INEC, in practice, the activities of INEC are still massively influenced by political interferences, thereby making it challenging for the body to conduct credible elections. Addressing this challenge will help Nigeria institutionalize the conduct of free, fair, and credible elections.