TABLE 3 - uploaded by B. Ann Bettencourt
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This study examines the relationship between allocentrism and subjective well-being among African Americans and European Americans. In addition, for these groups we tested the relationship between idiocentrism and subjective well-being. Eighty-four African Americans and 122 European Americans completed measures of allocentrism, idiocentrism, self-e...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... shown in Table 2, allocentrism was positively correlated with life satis- faction for African Americans and for European Americans. However, as shown by the standardized beta coefficients reported in the upper panel of Table 3, when self-esteem and extraversion were simultaneously entered into a multivariate regression analysis, the predicted pattern was clearly revealed. ...
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Citations
... In contrast, idiocentric students experienced a lower sense of positive well-being (Bettencourt & Dorr 1997). Extending this line of inquiry, Kernahan et al. (2000) examined the relationships between allocentrism, idiocentrism, and subjective wellbeing among African American and European American university students in the United States. Their findings revealed that the association between allocentrism and both life satisfaction and subjective well-being was stronger for African American students than for European American students. ...
Individual-level cultural orientation is a key personal variable affecting the acculturation process and outcomes. Based on the literature, this review unravels the dynamics between allocentric-idiocentric personality dimensions, acculturative stress, and cross-cultural adaptation among international students. The literature consistently documents that acculturative stress is negatively associated with cross-adaptation. However, it reveals inconsistent findings regarding the relationships of allocentric-idiocentric personality dimensions with acculturative stress and cross-cultural adaptation. Some studies suggest that allocentrism is associated with reduced acculturative stress and enhanced cross-cultural adaptation, while others link it to increased acculturative stress and poorer adaptation. Similarly, idiocentrism has been related to lower acculturative stress and improved adaptation in some studies, but to higher stress and poorer adaptation in others. Acculturative stress has been suggested as a potential mediator between allocentrism-idiocentrism and adaptation. The review highlights the need for further research on how allocentric and idiocentric personality tendencies influence acculturative processes and outcomes.
... Thus, the individualism collectivism paradigm likely shapes pain self-efficacy, acceptance, social support, and pain-related outcomes. Previous literature suggests that individualism and collectivism contribute to differences in chronic pain experiences (Im, 2006;Im et al., 2009), substance use (Du et al., 2014), and other psychosocial and health outcomes (Kernahan et al., 2000;Scott et al., 2004). This literature, coupled with the documented impact of culture on human behavior, even within the SCT context (Bandura, 2002), is important to understand. ...
Background
Despite the critical role social and cultural contexts play in pain experience, limited theoretical and empirical attention has been devoted to the interplay between social, cognitive, cultural, and psychological factors in chronic pain management and the risk of opioid misuse.
Methods
Using structural equation modeling, the present study tested the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) of chronic pain management and risk of opioid misuse in the context of intraindividual cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism among 316 ethnically diverse adults with chronic pain in the United States.
Results
Social cognitive predictors account for a significant amount of variance in pain dysfunction and risk of opioid misuse in adults with chronic pain. Satisfaction with pain support was positively associated with both greater pain acceptance and greater pain self‐efficacy. Individualism was found to be positively associated with satisfaction with pain support, pain self‐efficacy, and pain acceptance but negatively associated with the risk of opioid misuse. Collectivism was positively associated with the risk of opioid misuse.
Conclusions
The study findings not only empirically support using SCT for adults with chronic pain, but also provide a more thorough conceptual framework that highlights the intracultural diversity and interplay among social, cognitive, and psychological factors that affect pain experience and the risk of opioid misuse among adults with chronic pain.
... Social Support. To begin with, some scholars have proposed that endorsement of cultural family values serves to secure support systems and facilitate greater allegiance to the family that encourages positive development and detours from engaging in health risk behavior (Kernahan, Bettencourt, & Dorr, 2000;Stein et al., 2014). For instance, Campos et al. (2014) found that familism was indirectly associated with adolescent health (i.e., stress, depressive symptoms, mental health) through its effect on greater closeness to family members which in turn predicted greater social support among Latinx, European, and Asian young adults. ...
... These findings are in contrast to prior studies that found Africentric cultural values to be linked to antidrug attitudes and lower rates of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among African American children (Belgrave et al., 1997) and lower rates of alcohol use among older adolescents (Nasim, Corona, et al., 2007). According to Kernahan, Bettencourt, and Dorr (2000), the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of Africentric values are connection, integration, reliance on others, and the emotional and social support from others. However, in communities where youth are exposed to more environmental stressors (e.g., poverty, less access to quality schools), communalistic focused support and coping resources may be less accessible to youth and may not be protective against negative behavioral health outcomes (Gaylord-Harden & Cunningham, 2009). ...
An examination of cultural protective factors that foster substance use abstinence among low-income, early adolescent, African American girls may be helpful in understanding how to promote resilience and reduce negative health outcomes. This study examined the relations between Africentric cultural values, ethnic identity, and substance use abstinence among 196 low-income African American early adolescent girls (age 11-14 years). Results of logistic regressions revealed that Africentric values were negatively linked to cigarette and alcohol abstinence. Results also showed a significant positive interaction between Africentric cultural values and ethnic identity exploration that contributed to increased cigarette and alcohol abstinence. Implications for research and practice with African American early adolescent girls are discussed.
... Higher scores reflect greater negative affectivity. This questionnaire has been successfully used among African American samples in the past (Kernahan, Bettencourt, & Dorr, 2000;Weiss et al., 2012) with good internal consistency (α = .85; Weiss et al., 2012). ...
Past work suggests African American college students may be a segment of the college population at heightened risk for anxiety and depressive symptoms; however, there remains an overarching need to broaden our understanding of individual difference variables that may be related to adverse emotional states. The purpose of the present study was to test a theoretically driven interactive model of two individual difference variables (anxiety sensitivity and emotional nonacceptance) in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms among 133 African American undergraduate students (76.7% female, Mage = 20.9, SD = 5.6; age range = 18-53 years). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with anxious arousal symptoms at higher levels of emotional nonacceptance (? = 2.1), and more strongly associated with depressive symptoms among individuals endorsing low levels of emotional nonacceptance (? = 3.8). The present data provide novel evidence suggesting there is clinically relevant interplay between anxiety sensitivity and emotional nonacceptance. These findings aid in better understanding the expression of anxiety and depressive symptoms among this population and may represent transdiagnostic constructs of relevance for early intervention.
... (pp. 46-47) Social support research has demonstrated buffering effects for stress and problem behavior (Barbarin & Soler, 1993) and that type and function of social support and connectedness are important factors to mental health (Kernahan, Bettencourt & Dorr, 2000). For this discourse connectedness is the link among communalistic value, collectivist value, social support, family cohesion, extended family and kinship support. ...
Ubuntu, a philosophical concept that frames a particular world view and in turn structures behavioral expressions of humanity, has the potential to inform social scientists’ understanding of broader aspects of the human experience including mental health. In this paper, the authors share the concept of Ubuntu and demonstrate how this African construct can be used to illuminate three major themes in cultural psychology - connectedness, competency, and consciousness – and provide a more inclusive model of positive mental health. The scarcity of models that help conceptualize the experiences of Africans provides the need for such a model discussed in this paper.
... For instance, Oishi (2000) has shown that the correlation between horizontal individualism (uniqueness and autonomy) and life satisfaction was stronger in more individualistic nations than in less individualistic ones. Similarly, Kernahan, Bettencourt, and Dorr (2000) found a significant positive relationship between allocentrism and subjective well-being but this was stronger for African Americans than for European Americans. Finally, research with the RIC scale (Hardie, 2005;Hardie, Kashima, & Pridmore, 2005) has demonstrated that the dominant self aspect (individual, relational, or collective) is related to preferred styles of coping with stress and that mental health is associated with the level of uplift and stress coping ability in RICrelated aspects of self. ...
In psychological research on cultural differences, the distinction between individualism and collectivism has received the lion's share of attention as a fundamental dimension of cultural variation. In recent years, however, these constructs have been criticized as being ill-defined and “a catchall” to represent all forms of cultural differences. The authors argue that there is a conceptual confusion about the meaning of ingroups that constitute the target of collectivism. Collectives are rarely referred to in existing measures to assess collectivism. Instead, networks of interpersonal relationships dominate the operational definition of “ingroups” in these measures. Results from a content analysis of existing scales support this observation. To clarify and expand the individualism–collectivism distinction, a theoretical framework is proposed that draws on M. B. Brewer and G. Gardner's (1996) conceptualization of individual, relational, and collective selves and their manifestation in self-representations, beliefs, and values. Analyses of data from past studies provide preliminary support for this conceptual model. The authors propose that this new theoretical framework will contribute conceptual clarity to interpretation of past research on individualism and collectivism and guide future research on these important constructs.
... Future research should also explore the sociocultural determinants of stress and mood in patients with SCD. Recent studies suggest that sociocultural factors, namely worldview beliefs, influence both subjective well-being (Kernahan, Bettencourt, & Dorr, 2000) and health care use patterns among African Americans (Belgrave & Jarama, 2000). In the context of SCD, very little is known about how culturally derived worldview beliefs influence mood, illness perceptions, or behavioral responses to symptoms. ...
This study examined the extent to which daily mood and stress were associated with pain, health care use, and work activity in 41 adults (mean age = 36 years) with sickle-cell disease. Multilevel model analyses of daily diaries (M = 91 days) indicated that increases in stress and negative mood were associated with increases in same-day pain, health care use, and work absences. Lagged models suggested bidirectional relationships, with evidence that pain may be the more powerful initiating variable in pain-mood and pain-stress cycles. Of importance, positive mood was associated with lower same-day and subsequent-day pain, as well as fewer health care contacts, suggesting that positive mood may serve to offset negative consequences of pain and other illness symptoms.
... In addition, it would be easy to place many different worldview options among the "adaptive mental mechanisms" that Vaillant (2000) noted as having a role in adaptive functioning and mental health. We should expect that the relationship between worldview and well-being may be moderated by ethnicity, because of complex historical factors (as suggested by the research of Kernahan, Bettencourt, & Dorr, 2000). ...
A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. Lacking a comprehensive model or formal theory up to now, the construct has been underused. This article advances theory by addressing these gaps. Worldview is defined. Major approaches to worldview are critically reviewed. Lines of evidence are described regarding worldview as a justifiable construct in psychology. Worldviews are distinguished from schemas. A collated model of a worldview's component dimensions is described. An integrated theory of worldview function is outlined, relating worldview to personality traits, motivation, affect, cognition, behavior, and culture. A worldview research agenda is outlined for personality and social psychology (including positive and peace psychology). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
... Previous researchers have reported that a strong and consistent correlate of happiness and life satisfaction is subjective family closeness (Taylor et al., 2001). Similarly, Kernahan et al. (2000) found that the relationships between allocentrism and subjective well-being were stronger for African Americans than for European Americans. ...
Relationships between family values, perceived family social support, and stress appraisal among Black and White College students were examined in this study. A total of 200 male and female undergraduate students complete a demographic/background questionnaire, a culturally oriented measure of family values (Family Allocentrism Scale), a perceived family social support measure (Social Supportive Behavior Scale), a perceived stress measure (Perceived Stress Scale), a daily stress measure (Inventory of College Students Recent Life Events Scale) and a coping measure (Coping in Stressful Situations). Results revealed no significant differences among Black and White students in terms of family values, perceived family social support, perceived stress and coping style. However a significant difference was found in daily stress among Black and White students, with Black students reporting more daily stress. In addition, perceived family social support was associated with daily stress and perceived stress for White students. However, only family values were associated with perceived stress for Black students. These findings suggest that Black students may place greater value on family values/family connectedness in the appraisal of certain types of situations whereas White students’ perceived availability of social support may be of greater value to them. Implications for future research include further examination of the impact of culturally oriented family values on stress appraisal and the examination of more complex models of stress among racially heterogeneous groups.
